SMILACACEAE

'Smilacaceae' is a botanical name of a family of flowering plants. Up to some decades ago the genera now included in family Smilacaceae were often assigned to a more broadly defined family Liliaceae, but for the past twenty to thirty years most botanists have accepted Smilacaceae as a distinct family. One characteristic that distinguishes Smilacaceae from most of the other members of the Liliaceae-like Liliales is that it has true vessels in its conducting tissue.

Contents

Classification

Genera

External links

Classification

The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), also recognizes this family and places it in the order Liliales, in the clade 'monocots'. Within APG II it is a family of probably two genera ''Heterosmilax'' and the larger ''Smilax''. The family occurs throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. Members of this family typically have woody roots and a climbing or vining form. Some have woody vining stems, often with thorns, while others are herbaceous above ground and thornless.
Other placements of the family include:

★ The Cronquist system, of 1981, recognized this family and placed it in order Liliales, in subclass Liliidae in class Liliopsida [=monocotyledons] of division Magnoliophyta [=angiosperms].

★ The Reveal system recognized this family and placed it in order Smilacales, in subclass Liliidae which is placed as in the Cronquist system.

★ The Thorne system (1992) also recognized this family, and placed it in order Dioscoreales in superorder Lilianae in subclass Liliidae [=monocotyledons] of class Magnoliopsida [=angiosperms].

★ The Dahlgren system treated it as did the Thorne system (1992): see above.

Genera

While both genera are dioecious and nearly indistinguishable vegetatively, their flowers differ markedly. The flower of ''Heterosmilax'' is fused into a deep bottle-shaped tube containing prominent nectaries, its stamens are also connected at the bottom. Whereas flowers of ''Smilax'' are typically small with unfused floral parts. ''Smilax'' is a much larger and more widely distributed genus than ''Heterosmilax''. ''Heterosmilax'' has only twelve species which are confined to China, Japan, tropical Asia, Singapore, Malaysia, and the surrounding islands.
Some taxonomists separate the herbaceous plants native to North America in ''Smilax'' as the genus ''Nemexia'', which is known for its malodorous flowers. ''Smilax'' would then be left with only plants of a woody, vining form with thorns. However the ''Flora of North America'' does not recognise ''Nemexia'', nor does the AP-site.
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External links

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★ Smilacaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). ''The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.'' Version: 9th March 2006. http://delta-intkey.com.
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★ Smilacaceae in ''Flora of North America''
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★ links at CSDL, Texas