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EspañolSOLARIS (OPERATING SYSTEM)
(Redirected from Solaris Operating System)
'Solaris' is a computer operating system developed by Sun Microsystems. It is certified against the Single Unix Specification as a version of Unix, and although historically a closed-source product, a majority of the codebase has been open-sourced by Sun Microsystems.
In the early 1990s, Sun replaced the BSD-derived 'SunOS 4' with a version of UNIX System V Release 4 (SVR4), jointly developed with AT&T. The underlying release name was 'SunOS 5.0', but a new marketing name was introduced at the same time: 'Solaris 2'.[1] While SunOS 4.1.''x'' micro releases were retroactively named 'Solaris 1' by Sun, the name Solaris is almost exclusively used to refer to SVR4-derived SunOS 5.0 and later.[2]
Solaris is considered to be the SunOS operating system plus a graphical user environment, ONC+, and other components. The SunOS minor version is included in the Solaris release name; for example, 'Solaris 2.4' incorporated SunOS 5.4. After Solaris 2.6, Sun dropped the "2." from the name, so Solaris 7 incorporates SunOS 5.7, and the latest release SunOS 5.10 forms the core of 'Solaris 10'.
Solaris uses a common code base for the architectures it supports: SPARC and x86 (including x86-64). It was also ported to the PowerPC architecture (PowerPC Reference Platform) for version 2.5.1, but the port was cancelled almost as soon as it was released. Support for Itanium was at one time planned but never brought to market.[3] Sun also implemented support for the ABI of the Linux platform in Solaris 10 8/07, allowing Solaris to run native Linux binaries on x86 systems. This feature is called "Solaris Containers for Linux Applications" or SCLA.[3]
Solaris has a reputation for being well-suited to symmetric multiprocessing, supporting a large number of CPUs.[5] It has historically been tightly integrated with Sun's SPARC hardware, with which it is designed and marketed as a combined package, and has included support for 64-bit SPARC applications since Solaris 7. This has often led to more reliable systems, but at a cost premium over commodity PC hardware. However, it has also supported x86 systems since Solaris 2.1 and the latest version of Solaris, Solaris 10, includes support for 64-bit x86 applications, allowing Sun to capitalize on the availability of commodity 64-bit CPUs based on the x86-64 architecture. Sun has heavily marketed Solaris for use with both with its own "x64" workstations and servers based on AMD Opteron and Intel Xeon processors, as well as x86 systems manufactured by companies such as Dell, Hewlett-Packard, and IBM. As of 2007, the following vendors support Solaris for their x86 server systems:
★ IBM [1]
★ Intel [1]
★ Hewlett-Packard [1]
Early releases of Solaris used OpenWindows as their desktop environment. In Solaris 2.0 to 2.2, OpenWindows supported both NeWS (based on highly enhanced PostScript interpreters) and the X Window System, and provided some backward compatibility for SunView, Sun's older desktop environment. Sun later dropped support for NeWS and SunView applications: OpenWindows 3.3 (which shipped with Solaris 2.3), was a port of X11 release 5.
As a member of COSE, the Common Open Software Environment initiative, Sun helped develop the Common Desktop Environment. CDE was an attempt to create an industry standard desktop environment. Each vendor built different components: Hewlett-Packard did the window manager, IBM did the file manager, and Sun did the e-mail and calendar facilities, and the drag-and-drop support (tooltalk). Solaris 2.5 onwards supported CDE, and OpenWindows was dropped from Solaris 9. Solaris 9 8/03 also introduced GNOME 2.0 as an alternative to CDE.
Solaris 10 supports Sun's Java Desktop System, which is based on GNOME and comes with a large set of applications, including StarOffice, Sun's office suite. Sun describes JDS as a "major component" of Solaris 10.[9]
Solaris' source code (with a few exceptions) has been released under the Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL) via the OpenSolaris project.[10] The CDDL is an OSI-approved license.[11] It is considered by the Free Software Foundation to be free but incompatible with the GPL.[12]
OpenSolaris was seeded on June 14 2005 from the then-current Solaris development code base; both binary and source versions are currently downloadable and licensed without cost. Source for upcoming features such as Xen support is now added to the OpenSolaris project as a matter of course, and Sun has said that future releases of Solaris proper will henceforth be derived from OpenSolaris[13].
Notable features of Solaris currently include DTrace, Doors, Service Management Facility, Solaris Containers, Solaris Multiplexed I/O, Solaris Volume Manager, ZFS, and Solaris Trusted Extensions.
In descending order, the following versions of Solaris have been released as of December 2006:
Solaris 7 is no longer shipping but will be supported until August 2008; Solaris 8 stopped shipping in February 2007 but will be supported until April 2012.[3] Earlier versions are unsupported.
A more comprehensive summary of some Solaris versions is also available.[23] Solaris releases are also described in the Solaris 2 FAQ.[24]
The underlying Solaris codebase has been under continuous development since work began in the late 1980s on what was eventually released as Solaris 2.0. Each version such as Solaris 10 is based on a snapshot of this development "train", taken near the time of its release, which is then maintained as a derived project. Updates to that project are built and delivered several times a year until the next official release comes out.
The Solaris version currently under development by Sun is codenamed 'Nevada', and is derived from what is now the OpenSolaris codebase.
In 2003, an addition to the Solaris development process was initiated. Under the program name ''Solaris Express'', a snapshot of the development train is now made available for download each month, allowing anyone to try out new features and test the quality and stability of the OS as it progresses to the release of the next official Solaris version.[25]
Since Solaris Express predates the release of the Solaris codebase as an open source project, it began as a binary-only program, but there is now a version called the ''Solaris Express: Community Release'' intended specifically for OpenSolaris developers.[26] It is updated weekly, and is for evaluation and personal purposes only. However, it should be noted that although when downloading the image files the download license indicates the use is limited to personal, educational and evaluation, when the user actually installs from these images the license acceptance form provides additional uses including commercial and production environment uses.
1.
2. What are SunOS and Solaris?
3.
4.
5. Sun rethinks Solaris on Intel Ashlee Vance
6.
7.
8.
9. Sun Java Desktop System
10. What source code does the OpenSolaris project include?
11. The Approved Licenses
12. Various Licenses and Comments about Them
13. What is the difference between the OpenSolaris project and the Solaris Operating System?
14. Solaris 8
15. Solaris 7
16. Solaris 2.6
17. Solaris 2.5.1
18. Solaris Processor Sets Made Easy Matthias Laux
19. Solaris 2.5
20. Multithreading in the Solaris Operating Environment
21. SUMMARY: Solaris 2.0 vs 2.1 Demetrios Stellas
22.
23. SunOS & Solaris Version History
24. What machines does Solaris 2.x run on? Casper Dik
25. Software Express for Solaris
26. Operating System/Networking (ON) Download Center
★ Trusted Solaris
★ Comparison of operating systems
★ Solaris Operating System Official home page
★ Open Directory: Operating Systems: Unix: Solaris
★ System News for Sun Users - Comprehensive weekly news summary
★ Learning Solaris - Solaris training resources and tutorials
★ SunHELP - Solaris news, resources, and discussion
★ Solaris Central - Solaris news and discussion
★ BigAdmin - System administration portal
★ Solaris Developer Portal - For application developers on Solaris
★ Solaris Annoyances - Multi-author blog discussing solutions to Solaris problems
★ Software
★
★ Get Solaris 10 - For a limited time, Solaris 10 is available for free download or free shipping on a DVD
★
★ Blastwave.org - Solaris free software packages
★
★ Sunfreeware.com - Solaris freeware
★ Solaris 10 Screenshot Gallery
'Solaris' is a computer operating system developed by Sun Microsystems. It is certified against the Single Unix Specification as a version of Unix, and although historically a closed-source product, a majority of the codebase has been open-sourced by Sun Microsystems.
| Contents |
| History |
| Supported architectures |
| Desktop environments |
| License |
| Versions |
| Development release |
| References |
| See also |
| External links |
History
In the early 1990s, Sun replaced the BSD-derived 'SunOS 4' with a version of UNIX System V Release 4 (SVR4), jointly developed with AT&T. The underlying release name was 'SunOS 5.0', but a new marketing name was introduced at the same time: 'Solaris 2'.[1] While SunOS 4.1.''x'' micro releases were retroactively named 'Solaris 1' by Sun, the name Solaris is almost exclusively used to refer to SVR4-derived SunOS 5.0 and later.[2]
Solaris is considered to be the SunOS operating system plus a graphical user environment, ONC+, and other components. The SunOS minor version is included in the Solaris release name; for example, 'Solaris 2.4' incorporated SunOS 5.4. After Solaris 2.6, Sun dropped the "2." from the name, so Solaris 7 incorporates SunOS 5.7, and the latest release SunOS 5.10 forms the core of 'Solaris 10'.
Supported architectures
Solaris uses a common code base for the architectures it supports: SPARC and x86 (including x86-64). It was also ported to the PowerPC architecture (PowerPC Reference Platform) for version 2.5.1, but the port was cancelled almost as soon as it was released. Support for Itanium was at one time planned but never brought to market.[3] Sun also implemented support for the ABI of the Linux platform in Solaris 10 8/07, allowing Solaris to run native Linux binaries on x86 systems. This feature is called "Solaris Containers for Linux Applications" or SCLA.[3]
Solaris has a reputation for being well-suited to symmetric multiprocessing, supporting a large number of CPUs.[5] It has historically been tightly integrated with Sun's SPARC hardware, with which it is designed and marketed as a combined package, and has included support for 64-bit SPARC applications since Solaris 7. This has often led to more reliable systems, but at a cost premium over commodity PC hardware. However, it has also supported x86 systems since Solaris 2.1 and the latest version of Solaris, Solaris 10, includes support for 64-bit x86 applications, allowing Sun to capitalize on the availability of commodity 64-bit CPUs based on the x86-64 architecture. Sun has heavily marketed Solaris for use with both with its own "x64" workstations and servers based on AMD Opteron and Intel Xeon processors, as well as x86 systems manufactured by companies such as Dell, Hewlett-Packard, and IBM. As of 2007, the following vendors support Solaris for their x86 server systems:
★ IBM [1]
★ Intel [1]
★ Hewlett-Packard [1]
Desktop environments
Early releases of Solaris used OpenWindows as their desktop environment. In Solaris 2.0 to 2.2, OpenWindows supported both NeWS (based on highly enhanced PostScript interpreters) and the X Window System, and provided some backward compatibility for SunView, Sun's older desktop environment. Sun later dropped support for NeWS and SunView applications: OpenWindows 3.3 (which shipped with Solaris 2.3), was a port of X11 release 5.
As a member of COSE, the Common Open Software Environment initiative, Sun helped develop the Common Desktop Environment. CDE was an attempt to create an industry standard desktop environment. Each vendor built different components: Hewlett-Packard did the window manager, IBM did the file manager, and Sun did the e-mail and calendar facilities, and the drag-and-drop support (tooltalk). Solaris 2.5 onwards supported CDE, and OpenWindows was dropped from Solaris 9. Solaris 9 8/03 also introduced GNOME 2.0 as an alternative to CDE.
Solaris 10 supports Sun's Java Desktop System, which is based on GNOME and comes with a large set of applications, including StarOffice, Sun's office suite. Sun describes JDS as a "major component" of Solaris 10.[9]
License
Solaris' source code (with a few exceptions) has been released under the Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL) via the OpenSolaris project.[10] The CDDL is an OSI-approved license.[11] It is considered by the Free Software Foundation to be free but incompatible with the GPL.[12]
OpenSolaris was seeded on June 14 2005 from the then-current Solaris development code base; both binary and source versions are currently downloadable and licensed without cost. Source for upcoming features such as Xen support is now added to the OpenSolaris project as a matter of course, and Sun has said that future releases of Solaris proper will henceforth be derived from OpenSolaris[13].
Versions
Notable features of Solaris currently include DTrace, Doors, Service Management Facility, Solaris Containers, Solaris Multiplexed I/O, Solaris Volume Manager, ZFS, and Solaris Trusted Extensions.
In descending order, the following versions of Solaris have been released as of December 2006:
| Solaris version | SunOS version | Release date | Major New Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solaris 10 | SunOS 5.10 | January 31 2005 | Includes x64 (AMD64/EM64T) support, DTrace (Dynamic Tracing), Solaris Containers, Service Management Facility (SMF) which replaces init.d scripts, NFSv4. Least privilege security model. Support for sun4m and UltraSPARC I processors running at speeds lower than 200 MHz removed. Support for EISA devices removed, including EISA-based PCs. Adds Java Desktop System (based on GNOME) as default desktop. Solaris 10 1/06 added the GRUB bootloader for x86 systems and iSCSI Initiator support. Solaris 10 6/06 added Sun's new filesystem ZFS. Solaris 10 11/06 added Solaris Trusted Extensions and Logical Domains. Solaris 8/07 added ISCSI Target Support and Solaris Containers for Linux Applications. |
| Solaris 9 | SunOS 5.9 | May 28 2002 (SPARC) January 10 2003 (x86) | iPlanet Directory Server, Resource Manager, Solaris Volume Manager, extended file attributes, IKE IPsec keying, and Linux compatibility added; OpenWindows dropped, sun4d support removed. Most current update is Solaris 9 9/05. |
| Solaris 8 | SunOS 5.8 | February 2000 | Includes Multipath I/O, IPMP, first support for IPv6 and IPsec (manual keying only), 'mdb' modular debugger. Introduced Role-Based Access Control (RBAC); sun4c support removed. Last update is Solaris 8 2/04.[14] |
| Solaris 7 | SunOS 5.7 | November 1998 | The first 64-bit UltraSPARC release. Added native support for file system meta-data logging (UFS logging). Dropped MCA support on x86 platform. Last update was Solaris 7 11/99.[15] |
| Solaris 2.6 | SunOS 5.6 | July 1997 | Includes Kerberos 5, PAM, TrueType fonts, WebNFS, large file support, enhanced procfs.[16] |
| Solaris 2.5.1 | SunOS 5.5.1 | May 1996 | Only release to support PowerPC platform; Ultra Enterprise support added; user and group IDs (uid_t, gid_t) expanded to 32 bits.[17], also included processor sets [18] and early resource management technologies. |
| Solaris 2.5 | SunOS 5.5 | November 1995 | First to support UltraSPARC and include CDE, NFSv3 and NFS/TCP. Dropped sun4 (VMEbus) support. POSIX.1c-1995 pthreads added. Doors added but undocumented.[19] |
| Solaris 2.4 | SunOS 5.4 | November 1994 | First unified SPARC/x86 release. Includes OSF/Motif runtime support. |
| Solaris 2.3 | SunOS 5.3 | November 1993 | SPARC-only release. OpenWindows 3.3 switches from NeWS to Display PostScript and drops SunView support. Support added for autofs and cachefs filesystems. |
| Solaris 2.2 | SunOS 5.2 | May 1993 | SPARC-only release. First to support sun4d architecture. First to support multithreading libraries (UI threads API in libthread)[20]. |
| Solaris 2.1 | SunOS 5.1 | December 1992 (SPARC) May 1993 (x86) | Support for sun4 and sun4m architectures added; first Solaris x86 release. First Solaris 2 release to support SMP. |
| Solaris 2.0 | SunOS 5.0 | June 1992 | Preliminary release (primarily available to developers only), support for only the sun4c architecture. First appearance of NIS+.[21] |
| Solaris 1.x | SunOS 4.1.x | n/a | SunOS backfilled as Solaris 1.x for marketing purposes. See SunOS article for more information. |
Solaris 7 is no longer shipping but will be supported until August 2008; Solaris 8 stopped shipping in February 2007 but will be supported until April 2012.[3] Earlier versions are unsupported.
A more comprehensive summary of some Solaris versions is also available.[23] Solaris releases are also described in the Solaris 2 FAQ.[24]
Development release
The underlying Solaris codebase has been under continuous development since work began in the late 1980s on what was eventually released as Solaris 2.0. Each version such as Solaris 10 is based on a snapshot of this development "train", taken near the time of its release, which is then maintained as a derived project. Updates to that project are built and delivered several times a year until the next official release comes out.
The Solaris version currently under development by Sun is codenamed 'Nevada', and is derived from what is now the OpenSolaris codebase.
In 2003, an addition to the Solaris development process was initiated. Under the program name ''Solaris Express'', a snapshot of the development train is now made available for download each month, allowing anyone to try out new features and test the quality and stability of the OS as it progresses to the release of the next official Solaris version.[25]
Since Solaris Express predates the release of the Solaris codebase as an open source project, it began as a binary-only program, but there is now a version called the ''Solaris Express: Community Release'' intended specifically for OpenSolaris developers.[26] It is updated weekly, and is for evaluation and personal purposes only. However, it should be noted that although when downloading the image files the download license indicates the use is limited to personal, educational and evaluation, when the user actually installs from these images the license acceptance form provides additional uses including commercial and production environment uses.
References
1.
2. What are SunOS and Solaris?
3.
4.
5. Sun rethinks Solaris on Intel Ashlee Vance
6.
7.
8.
9. Sun Java Desktop System
10. What source code does the OpenSolaris project include?
11. The Approved Licenses
12. Various Licenses and Comments about Them
13. What is the difference between the OpenSolaris project and the Solaris Operating System?
14. Solaris 8
15. Solaris 7
16. Solaris 2.6
17. Solaris 2.5.1
18. Solaris Processor Sets Made Easy Matthias Laux
19. Solaris 2.5
20. Multithreading in the Solaris Operating Environment
21. SUMMARY: Solaris 2.0 vs 2.1 Demetrios Stellas
22.
23. SunOS & Solaris Version History
24. What machines does Solaris 2.x run on? Casper Dik
25. Software Express for Solaris
26. Operating System/Networking (ON) Download Center
See also
★ Trusted Solaris
★ Comparison of operating systems
External links
★ Solaris Operating System Official home page
★ Open Directory: Operating Systems: Unix: Solaris
★ System News for Sun Users - Comprehensive weekly news summary
★ Learning Solaris - Solaris training resources and tutorials
★ SunHELP - Solaris news, resources, and discussion
★ Solaris Central - Solaris news and discussion
★ BigAdmin - System administration portal
★ Solaris Developer Portal - For application developers on Solaris
★ Solaris Annoyances - Multi-author blog discussing solutions to Solaris problems
★ Software
★
★ Get Solaris 10 - For a limited time, Solaris 10 is available for free download or free shipping on a DVD
★
★ Blastwave.org - Solaris free software packages
★
★ Sunfreeware.com - Solaris freeware
★ Solaris 10 Screenshot Gallery
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