SOPHUS LIE

'Marius Sophus Lie' (IPA pronunciation: , pronounced "Lee") (December 17, 1842 - February 18, 1899) was a Norwegian-born mathematician. He largely created the theory of continuous symmetry, and applied it to the study of geometry and differential equations.
He obtained his Ph.D. at the University of Oslo in 1872, with a thesis entitled ''On a class of geometric transformations''.
He was made Honorary Member of the London Mathematical Society in 1878
and Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS).
Lie's principal tool, and one of his greatest achievements, was the discovery that continuous transformation groups (now called after him Lie groups) could be better understood by "linearizing" them, and studying the corresponding generating vector fields (the so-called infinitesimal generators). The generators are subject to a linearized version of the group law, now called the commutator bracket, and have the structure of what is today called a Lie algebra.

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