SOUTHERN HIP HOP

'Southern hip hop' (also known as 'Dirty South hip hop') is a form of hip hop music that emerged in the late-1990s as a popular force from cities such as Dallas, Charlotte, Atlanta, Raleigh-Durham, Memphis, Jackson, Nashville, Houston, Louisville, Jacksonville, Austin, Columbia, Greenville, Charleston, New Orleans and Miami.

History and rise to popularity

In the 1980s, the rise and spread of hip hop culture from New York City and California spurred cities in the Southern United States to develop and nurture their own respective hip hop scenes. Without large urban markets like New York City and Los Angeles, major record labels largely ignored the south for decades. Southern rap artists were forced to release their music independently. The mixtape scene has factored largely in the success of many of today's southern rap artists that were once sneered and reviled by many on the Coasts.

Miami Bass

Miami Bass is a popular style of music from the Miami area of South Florida and is embodied by the musical style of local rap stars such as Trick Daddy.^[1] Miami Bass is a part of the robust music scene in the South Florida metropolitan area, which is comprised of cities such as Miami, Pompano Beach, West Palm Beach, and Fort Lauderdale.
In Miami, the distinctive bass-heavy scene of Miami bass evolved out of electro hop and similar hip hop-influenced dance scenes in Miami, including Luther Campbell and his group, 2 Live Crew. 2 Live Crew became infamous after their album, ''Nasty As They Wanna Be'' (1989), was banned in a Florida town and the group was subsequently arrested on obscenity charges after performing; the charges were eventually dismissed. The Miami Bass scene that 2 Live Crew typified is simply one form of southern rap and Miami Bass' club-oriented sound garnered little respect from hip hop fans. But the 2 Live Crew is not the only music artist in Miami. This city also holds Trick Daddy, DJ Uncle Al, Rick Ross, Trina, Poison Clan, Jacki-O, Pitbull, Cool & Dre, DJ Khaled, JT Money, Smitty, Pretty Ricky and many more. Miami rapper Trick Daddy also lived in the Pork N'Beans Projects of Miami's notorious Liberty City, one of the city's and America's infamous areas. The city of Miami is also home to the label Slip "N" Slide Records.

Southern hardcore

The first rap group to gain national notice for southern rap music were the Geto Boys. The Geto Boys hailed from Houston, and consisted of Willie D, Dr. Wolfgang Von Bushwickin the Barbarian Mother Funky Stay High Dollar Billstir, and Scarface. Houston was the first major city outside of New York City and Los Angeles to attract attention from the rap world; the Geto Boy's 1989 local debut, ''Grip It! On That Other Level'', garnered the attention of Def Jam founder Rick Rubin to executive produce and release their 1990 nationwide debut
However, it was the Geto Boys' 1991 hit, ''Mind Playin' Tricks on Me'', that began to break down the barrier for southern rap. The raw and unforgiving lyrics about paranoia and losing one's mind were a huge change from what most hip hop fans expected coming from the South. The song would go on to influence several other acts that would popularize the Southern rap scene; for example, while hosting BET's Top 25 countdown in 2004, OutKast's André 3000 remarked that "Mind Playin' Tricks on Me" "put Southern rap on the map." The Geto Boy's Scarface later launched a successful solo career and is referred to by some as the original "King of the South."
Soon after the Geto Boys' success, Houston became a main center of Southern hip hop. Now-popular groups such as UGK (from Port Arthur, Texas) and 8 Ball & MJG (from Memphis) moved to Houston in the late 80s to begin their musical careers. Both groups went on to release influential albums such as UGK's ''Too Hard to Swallow'' (1992) and 8 Ball & MJG's ''Comin' Out Hard'' (1993). Houston is also home to Rap-A-Lot Records, the first successful Southern rap label, coincidentally headed by Scarface and J. Prince.

Spirituality

Atlanta based rap group Arrested Development released their album five months after "Mind Playin' Tricks on Me." Their brand of lighthearted and spiritual party singles from their platinum debut LP, ''3 Years, 5 Months & 2 Days in the Life Of...'', was a world apart from the sexually explicit, bass heavy party music of Miami and the gangsta rap bravado of Houston, but the group gained both commercial success and critical acclaim. While Arrested Development was not able to keep their momentum going, their success did set the stage for Atlanta's OutKast and Goodie Mob.
These two groups, both a part of the collective the Dungeon Family, debuted in 1994 and 1995 respectively. Their musical basis was alternately heavy-bassed funk over which were party raps, and slow introspective songs about poverty, promiscuity and racism. OutKast and Goodie Mob were the first groups to popularize Atlanta, Georgia in the South and coin the term "Dirty South". They were among the first acts from the South, recording on a major label, to gain national recognition.

No Limit/Cash Money

By the late 1990s, Atlanta had emerged as a major city in hip hop and the city's success and influence in the rap world continues on today. While OutKast, Goodie Mob, and a number of other Atlanta-based acts (several of them part of Organized Noize the Dungeon Family collective) balanced critical and commercial success, New Orleans rapper/label mogul Master P popularized a bounce-based sound that focused more on commercial appeal than artistry.
The late 1990s also saw the emergence of New Orleans as a hotbed for rap music. Master P's No Limit Records popularized rappers such as Mystikal, TRU, Mia X, C-Murder, and Silkk the Shocker and became home to highly popular West Coast rapper Snoop Dogg; the competing Cash Money label presented acts such as The Hot Boys (The B.G., Juvenile, Lil Wayne, and Turk).
The No Limit/Cash Money formula was also successfully co-opted by Miami's Slip-N-Slide label, which included Trick Daddy and Trina. Labels such as these also caused Dirty South music to be associated with "mass produced" albums released in rapid succession. The CD packaging for these releases typically featured brightly-colored, heavily Photoshopped "bling bling"-style album covers; and a whole page of the liner notes for each LP was usually devoted to advertising its follow-ups.

Crunk

By the early 2000s, Southern rap was arguably becoming the genre's most popular form. This is due to the mainstream acceptance of the crunk music movement that originated from Memphis. Rap groups such as Lil Jon and the Eastside Boyz, 8 Ball & MJG, the Youngbloodz, and Three 6 Mafia have had massive mainstream success releasing music focused on the ever-popular club scene. DJ Paul and Juicy J of Three 6 Mafia have had a huge impact in the expansion of southern rap. They have launched many artists(Project Pat, Lil Wyte, Chrome, and Gangsta Boo just to name a few) as well as starting a very successful record label, Hypnotize Minds. They were the southern underground kings until the winning of an Academy Award for a song in Craig Brewer's smash Hustle and Flow, titled It's Hard Out Here For a Pimp. Some refer to Three 6 Mafia's 1997 hit song "Tear da club up 97'" as the first crunk fight song.

Chopped and Screwed

Chopped and Screwed was developed in Houston, Texas which remains the location most associated with the style. The late DJ Screw, a South Houston DJ, is credited with the creation of and early experimentation with the genre. DJ Screw began making mixtapes of the slowed-down music in the early 1990s. This provided a significant outlet for MCs in the South-Houston area, and helped local rappers such as Lil' Flip, E.S.G., UGK, Lil' Keke and Z-Ro gain regional and sometimes national prominence. Originally, this process involved mixing two copies of the same record, slowed down either on the turntables using pitch shift or through use of an after-mixer device. Phasing, flanging and echo effects were originally the result of the two records being played at millisecond intervals.
Some Houston-area artists (e.g. Ganksta N-I-P and Willie D) incorporated the slowed tempo into a few rap songs long before chopped and screwed was part of the mainstream. For example, Willie D's song ''Die'' (from the album ''I'm Goin Out Lika Soldier'') featured a slowed-down sample of the line "Balls and my word" from the movie Scarface.
By the time of Screw's death in 2000, the genre had become widely known throughout the southern United States. Currently, the style is exemplified in the music of Swishahouse DJs such as OG Ron C and Michael 5000 Watts. Their work has helped establish current rappers Chamillionaire, Paul Wall, Slim Thug, Mike Jones and rap groups such as The Color Changin' Click and the Screwed Up Click. More major recording labels have embraced the genre, and chopped and screwed albums occasionally outsell the unmixed version.
2005 saw the return of Houston as a leader in Southern rap with Houston artists such as Mike Jones, Slim Thug, Chamillionaire, Lil' Flip, Bun B of UGK, and Paul Wall experienced great commercial success.

The Dallas Style

The Dallas style of hip-hop was developed in the early 2000s. This style of hip-hop includes a combination of many hip-hop sounds thus causing the style to not be defined by one sound like many other regional scenes. Prominent Dallas hip-hop artists include Big Tuck, Tum Tum, Play-n-Skillz, Steve Austin, Kottonmouth, Mr. Pookie, and many others. The biggest slogan of Dallas area hip-hop is Dallas Got Next which refers to how Dallas will become the next big rap city. And with Tum-Tum and Steve Austin exploding in 2007 that slogan was quickly becoming true. Tum Tum's hit single Caprice Musik put the Dallas Style into the national spotlight for the first time. This paved way for Steve Austin to release his very successful Billboard Top-Ten single of Bussa Move that peaked to number three at one point in Single-Sales on the Billboard charts.

New Orleans Bounce

Bounce Music started off in 1986 in New Orleans, LA with the arrival of the Showboys' vinyl record called "Drag Rap" which is also known as "Triggerman." This record was the precursor to the hip hop sub-genre of bounce music. Similar to Miami bass, bounce music uses a call and chant approach to its music, and is a favorite of dance clubs.
Some of the earlier artists of the genre include: TT Tucker, DJ Jubilee, Master P, Juvenile, Tim Smooth, Mannie Fresh, The Showboys, and DJ Jimi while some of the new artists include: Gotty Boi Chris, 10th ward Buck, Hot Boy Ronald, DJ Blakk n Mild, and Choppa

Baton Rouge Jigg

Jigg Music is a sub-genre of rap music which takes elements from other southern rap sub-genres such as Bounce Music, Crunk, and Bass Music. The sound is very fast paced with loud drum patterns and heavy bass. It started to rise in popularity after the song "Jiggalatin" was released by Baton Rouge artist Sam I Am. Baton Rouge is also known for using a the extacy drug jiggalators. This is why Baton Rouge hip hop name is Jigga City. Baton Rouge uses this music for block parties, clubs, etc. Jigg music was created in the late 1900's. Jigg music has been spred around the southern states and is heard all over the state of Louisiana.
Some of the Jigg artist: Lil Boosie, Webbie, Sam I Am, Lil Josh, Lil Handy, Down Bad, Da Talibn, Lil Feet, Mookie, Max Minelli, 2 Gutta, and more.

Carolina Hip-Hop

North and South Carolina began to see some attention in hip hop. Rapper Petey Pablo broke out in 2001 with his platinum "Diary of a sinner". Other acts have followed suit: Little Brother,CyphaTree Camp, Small World and Brolic D of Norf Clik signed with Ludacris's D.T.P. label; King Nomb of Charlotte has also been gaining recognition along with Statesville-raised Luca Brazi. It is noted that MOST NC acts come from the Raleigh-Durham metropolitan area. South Carolina has a new gem in "Kinfolk" hailing from Columbia, SC. The LowCountry of South Carolina has produced some of the more gangster style rappers like Pachino Dino hailing from Charleston and The LowCountry Boyz from the Berkeley County area. Also from Charleston there are the Mixx Out Boyz, Mr. Taylor, and Double Crossa.

Typical features

Stylistically, Dirty South is notably different from its northern and western counterparts. Whereas East Coast hip hop has historically been associated with complex lyrics and sparse urban beats, and West Coast hip hop is known for its relaxed G-Funk vibe; contemporary Southern rap is largely characterized by its upbeat, exuberant, club-friendly tunes and simplistic, heavily rhythmic lyrical delivery. Crunk has been criticized by many for its tendency to focus on danceability and to shy away from political, social or spiritual topics, although some artists (such as David Banner and Bubba Sparxxx) have tried to embrace these subjects.
The production style of southern rap can veer towards either a soul-based sound (Dungeon Family, Arrested Development) or a bouncier sound (No Limit, Cash Money, Mystikal). Where most East Coast rap operates at tempos around 90-120 beats per minute, and West Coast rap operates around 100-120 beats per minute, Southern rap runs rhythms at 140-160, upwards of 180 beats per minute, and then places each snare hit twice as far apart.
This leaves more time to be filled between the kick (on the down beat of the first measure) and the snare (on the downbeat of the second). Sometimes this space is filled with quick trills of hi-hats, a style pioneered by Three 6 Mafia and Hit Man Sammy Sam's Big Oomp Records; other times, it is filled with additional snare patterns; for instance, Pastor Troy's "Ain't No Mo Play in G.A.," or Miracle's "Bounce." Sampling, while still used, is less common in Southern hip-hop production. Even still,
newcomers such as The Association's/Audio Assassins' K.O.B.R.A. has been known to bridge the gap between samples and true southern flavor.
A mainstay feature of hip-hop has always been giving 'shout-outs' to entire coasts, states, or cities, but a more recent trend that is particularly common in southern rap has been to include much more specific shout-outs to specific neighborhoods or local jurisdictions, such the wards of New Orleans, for example, and particular housing projects.

Southern Rappers

★ 8 Ball & MJG

★ 108

★ Andre 3000

★ 5th Flow

★ Big Tuck

★ BeatStar

★ B.G.

★ Baby

★ Baby Boy Da Prince

★ Big Boi

★ Big Gee

★ Big Love

★ Bobby Creek

★ Boondox

★ BoneCrusher

★ Boyz N Da Hood

★ Bubba Sparxxx

★ Bun B

★ C-Murder

★ Chamillionaire

★ Chingo Bling

★ Chingy

★ Chopper City Boyz

★ Chrome

★ Chyna Whyte

★ C-Preme

★ Crime Mob

★ Crunchy Black

★ Cunninlynguists

★ Currency

★ CyphaTREE Camp

★ D4L

★ Da Backwudz

★ David Banner

★ Dem Franchise Boyz

★ DJ Gutta

★ DJ Screw

★ Dr.Mo

★ Fat Pat

★ Fenomenon

★ Field Mob

★ Gangsta Boo

★ Goodie Mob

★ Goon Capone

★ Grits

★ H.A.W.K

★ Huey

★ Hip hop culture

★ Jermaine Dupri

★ Jody Breeze

★ Juan Gotti

★ Juvenile

★ Killer Mike

★ Koopsta Knicca

★ K-Yungsta

★ KonVerse

★ Lil Boosie

★ Lil Flip

★ Lil Jon & The East Side Boyz

★ Lil Keke

★ Lil Scrappy

★ Lil Wayne

★ Lil Wyte

★ Little Brother

★ Lord Infamous

★ Luca Brazi

★ Ludacris

★ Mannie Fresh

★ Master P

★ Mike Jones

★ MJG

★ Mr. Mack

★ Mr. Pookie

★ M.O.R.R.

★ Nappy Roots

★ Nat

★ Oogie Boogie Boyz

★ Orange Man

★ Outkast

★ Pastor Troy

★ Paul Wall

★ Petey Pablo

★ Phoeno

★ Pimp C

★ Pitbull

★ Plies

★ Project Pat

★ P$C

★ Rich Boy

★ Rick Ross

★ Romeo

★ Scarface

★ Shawnna

★ Shop Boyz

★ Slim Thug

★ Smitty

★ South Park Mexican

★ Stat Quo

★ Surge Elite

★ Street Market Entertaiment

★ The LowCountry Boyz

★ Three 6 Mafia

★ T.I.

★ T-Rock

★ Trae

★ Trick Daddy

★ Trillville

★ Trouble [1]

★ TRU

★ Tum Tum

★ Unk

★ Webbie

★ Witchdoctor

★ Ying Yang Twins

★ Yo Gotti

★ YoungBloodZ

★ Young Buck

★ Young Capone

★ Young Dro

★ Young Jeezy

★ Yung Joc

★ Z-Ro

★ T-Baby

★ Mojo Da Ghost

References

1. "Trick Daddy's Official Website"

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