SPANISH AIR FORCE
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The 'Spanish Air Force' (Spanish: ''Ejército del Aire''; literally, "Army of the Air") is the air force of Spain. It is one of the 3 branches of the Spanish Armed Forces and has the mission of defending the sovereignty and independence of Spain, its territorial integrity and constitutional freedoms, basically in its air space.
History
The beginnings
Although Spanish Military Aviation started with a balloon force in 1896, April 10, 1910 is the date when the Spanish military aviation was formally formed by means of a Royal Decree.
On November 5, 1913, during the war with Morocco, a Spanish expeditionary squadron became the first organized military air unit to see real combat during the first organized bombing in history.
The Spanish Civil War
A Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 with FIAT CR.32 of the Nationalist Air Force
During this war, the Spanish Military Aviation was divided in two:
The Spanish Republic Air Forces (''Fuerzas Aéreas de la República Española-FARE''), created by the republican government and the National Aviation (''Aviación Nacional''), created by the revolted army.
At first, the republican air forces had the control of the majority of the territory using the Soviet Polikarpov I-16, but the help received by Francisco Franco from Nazi Germany (Condor Legion) and Fascist Italy (Aviazione Legionaria) changed this.
In July 1936, the first German Junkers Ju-52 and Italian Savoia-Marchetti SM-81 arrived. In August were deployed the Fiat CR-32 and Heinkel He-51 fighters. Those planes helped the revolted army to gain full control of the air.
The Spanish Air Force
A Spanish Air Force EF-18A Hornet
The current Ejército del Aire (EdA) was not formed until October 7, 1939, at the end of the Spanish Civil War, as a successor to the Nationalist and Republican Air Forces. During World War II one air section, the Division Azul, a Spanish volunteer group fought alongside the Axis Powers on the Eastern Front.
On March 18, 1946, the first Spanish paratroop unit was created. It participated in the Ifni War during 1957 and 1958.
Links were established in the 1950s with the United States. Spain received its first jets, like the F-86 Sabre and Lockheed T-33 together with training and transport planes like the T-6 Texan, DC-3 and DC-4. This first age of jets was replaced in the 60's by newer fighters like the F-4C Phantom and F-5 Freedom Fighter
The organization and equipment of the Spanish Air Force was again modernised in the 1970s to prepare Spain's membership of NATO in 1982.
Planes like the Mirage III and Mirage F1 were bought to France and became the backbone of the Air Force during the 70's and part of the 80's until the arrival of the American F/A-18 which participated in the Kosovo War under NATO command, based in Aviano, Italy.
The Spanish Air Force is currently replacing older aircraft in the inventory with newer ones including the recently introduced Eurofighter Typhoon and the Airbus A400M airlifter manufactured with Spanish participation.
Its Aerobatic display team is the Patrulla Aguila.
Air Bases
Main articles: List of Spanish Air Force bases
Order of Battle
See Also Spanish Air Force Order of Battle
Functional Structure
Seven CASA C-101 of the ''Patrulla Ãguila'' drawing the Spanish Flag.
The basic organization of the Air Force is the following:
★ Air Force Headquarters (CGEA). Madrid.
★ Battle Air Command (MACOM). Headquarters in Torrejón Air Base, Madrid.
★ General Air Command (MAGEN). Headquarters in Madrid.
★ Canary Islands' Air Command (MACAN). Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.
★ Personnel Command (MAPER). Madrid.
★ Logistics Support Command (MALOG). Madrid.
Operative Structure
The usual operative unit is the ''ALA'' (wing), composed by two or three ''ESCUADRONES'' (squadrons), each one of which is integrated by 18 to 24 airplanes. Thus, Ala 15, with base in Zaragoza Air Base, is formed by two squadrons with 18 F-18 each.
Codification and numerals
The planes used by the Spanish Air Force are identified with one or two letters followed by two numbers that appear painted on the fuselages. The first number corresponds to the unit to which they belong, and the second, to the order in which they were incorporated.
The letter or letters, correspond to the use given. Thus, C means ''cazabombardero'' (fighter bomber); A, ''ataque'' (attack); P, ''patrulla'' (patrol); T, ''transporte'' (transport); E, ''enseñanza'' (training); D, search and rescue; H, helicopter; K, cistern; V, Swift-sailing (flight without motor); and U, utilitarian.
Example: the F-18 with the C-15-08 numeral in the tail is the fifteenth type of fighter that arrived in the Spanish Air Force (the Eurofighter is the C-16) and is the eighth apparatus of this type to enter the SAF. On the nose or fuselage they have a numeral specific to the unit in which they are based. Example: the fourth F-18 arriving at Ala 12 will have in the nose the numeral 12-04.
Some versions of planes in service as two-seater versions or cistern versions of transports planes do add another letter to differentiate their function, and have an order of arrival to the Air Force different from other versions. Example: The CE-15-02 will be the second F-18 two-seater (Fighter and Training) in arriving at the SAF.
Aircraft Inventory
The Spanish Air Force operates a wide-ranging fleet of aircraft, everything from fighters to transport aircraft and passenger transports to helicopters. It currently maintains some 620 aircraft.[1] The transport force role is taken by planes such as the C-130 Hercules and the CASA C-295. The Spanish Air Force also includes 35 helicopters like the Cougar and the Colibri. 180 fighter aircraft are incorporated into 9 ''alas'' (wings) charged with different missions. Finally, the Spanish Air Force has a fleet of aircraft, including the one manufactured in Spain CASA C-101, Beechcraft Bonanza and Enaer T-35C, to meet training requirements.[2] These air assets are supported by ground units and a sophisticated infrastructure[3]
The "Future backbone" of the Spanish Air Force will be mainly composed of the new generation fighter, the Eurofighter Typhoon.[4]
! style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;"|Aircraft
! style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;"|Origin
! style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;"|Type
! style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;"|Versions
! style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;"|In service[5]
! style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;"|Service entry[6]
! style="text-align: center; background: #aacccc;"|Units
|-----
| Aérospatiale Puma || || Utility helicopter|| SA.330 Puma || 5 SAR || 1974 || 801 Esc.
|-----
| Airbus A310 || || VIP transport || A310-300 || 2 || 2003 || 45 Grupo
|-----
| Beechcraft Bonanza || || Trainer || F-33C || 30 || 1974 || 42 Grupo
Academia General del Aire
|-----
| Beechcraft C-90 || || VIP and liaison transport|| Beechcraft C-90 || || 1990 || 42 Grupo
|-----
| Boeing 707 || || Aerial refuelling & transport || 707-368C(KC) || 3 || 1987 || 45 Grupo
Centro Inteligencia Aérea
|-----
| Canadair CL-215 || || Firefighting aircraft || CL-215 || 15 || 1991 || 43 Grupo
|-----
| Canadair CL-415 || || Firefighting aircraft || CL-415 || 1 (of 10) || 2006 || 43 Grupo
|-----
| CASA C-101 || || Jet-powered trainer || C-101EB-01 || 92 || 1980 || Academia General del Aire
Grupo de Escuelas de Matacán
|-----
| CASA C.212 Aviocar || || Tactical transport & search & rescue || Series 100
Series 200
Series 300|| 74 T-12
3 VIP
10 T-12B
6 SAR || 1974 || Academia General del Aire
Ala 37
801 Escuadrón
Base Aérea de Alcantarilla
Centro Cartográfico y Fotográfico (CECAF)
47 Grupo Mixto
Grupo de Escuelas de Matacán
Ala 48
721 Escuadrón
Base Aérea de Son San Juan
Centro LogÃstico de Armamento y Experimentación (CLAEX)
|-----
| CASA CN-235 || || Tactical transport || Series 100
Series 200
Series 300 || 20 || 1988 || Ala 35
|-----
| CASA C-295 || || Tactical transport || C-295M || 13 || 2000 || Ala 35
|-----
| Cessna CitationV || || VIP transport|| Citation V || 2 || 1992 || Centro Cartográfico y Fotográfico
|-----
| Dassault Falcon 20 || || VIP transport & ILS Calibrations || Mystère 20 || 3 || 1970 || 45 Grupo
Centro Inteligencia Aérea
|-----
| Dassault Falcon 50 || || VIP transport || Mystère 50 || 4 || 1979 || 45 Grupo
Centro Inteligencia Aérea
|-----
| Dassault Falcon 900 || || VIP transport || Falcon 900 || 2 || 1988 || 45 Grupo
|-----
| Dassault Mirage F1 || || Fighter/Attack || Mirage F1M || 52 || 1975 || Ala 14
|-----
| Dornier Do 27 || || Light utility aircraft || CASA-127 || 61 || 1960 || Academia Básica del Aire
Academia General del Aire
Ala 12
Ala 14
|-----
| Enaer T-35C || || Trainer || T-35C || 40 || 1987 || Academia General del Aire
|-----
| Eurocopter EC 120 Colibri || || Light utility helicopter || EC 120 B || 15 || 2000 || Ala 78
|-----
| Eurocopter Cougar || || Medium utility helicopter || AS.532 Cougar || 10 SAR
2 VIP || 1982 || Ala 46
Ala 48
|-----
| Eurofighter Typhoon ||
|| Multirole fighter || Unknown || 16 (of 87) || 2003 || Ala 11
|-----
| Fokker F27 Maritime || || Maritime Reconnaissance || F27 Maritime || 3 || 1979 || 802 Escuadrón
|-----
| Lockheed C-130 Hercules || || Tactical transport || C-130H
KC-130H || 7
5 || 1973 || Ala 31
|-----
| Lockheed P-3 Orion || || Maritime patrol aircraft || P-3A
P-3B || 2
5 || 1973 || Ala 11
|-----
| McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet || || Multirole fighter || F-18M
F-18A || 67
22 || 1986 || Ala 12
Ala 15
Ala 46
|-----
| Northrop F-5 || || Fighter-bomber || F-5M || 22 || 1970 || Ala 23
|-----
| Sikorsky S-76 || || Mid size utility helicopter || Sikorsky S-76C || 8 || 1977 || Ala 78
|}
Casa CN-235M-100 of the Spanish Air Force
On Order
★ Airbus Military A400M (27)
★ Eurofighter Typhoon (71 Single-seat and 16 two-seat)
★ NHIndustries NH90 tactical transport and search and rescue (28)
Historical aircraft
Pilot of the Spanish Air Force leaving his Airplane in full gear (1940s)
Spanish Civil War - Republican side
Polikarpov I-15 - Republican
Polikarpov I-16 - Republican
Spanish Civil War - Nationalist side
★ Avro 504
★ SPAD S.XIII
★ Breguet 19
★ Nieuport-Delage 52
★ Dornier Do J
★ Savoia-Marchetti S-62
★ Vickers Vildebeest
★ de Havilland DH.60 Moth
★ Fokker F.VII
★ Fokker D.XXI
★ Hawker Fury
★ Hawker Osprey
★ Bristol Bulldog
★ de Havilland Dragon Rapide
★ Aero A.101
★ Blériot S.510
★ Dewoitine 371
★ Dewoitine D.500
★ Dewoitine D.510
★ Boeing P-26
★ Grumman FF-1
★ Polikarpov I-15
★ Polikarpov I-16
★ Polikarpov R-5
★ Polikarpov RZ
★ Tupolev SB-2
★ Fiat Cr.32
★ Fiat G.50
★ Fiat BR.20
★ Breda Ba.65
★ Savoia-Marchetti SM.81
★ Savoia-Marchetti SM.79
★ Henschel Hs 123
★ Heinkel He 46
★ Heinkel He 51
★ Heinkel He 112
★ Dornier Do 17
★ Dornier Do 24
★ Junkers Ju 52 and CASA 352
★ Heinkel He 111 and CASA 2.111
★ Messerschmitt Bf 109 and Hispano Aviacion HA-1109
★ Hispano Aviacion Ha 1112
★ Dornier Do 27
★ Hispano Aviacion HA 100 Triana
★ Hispano Aviacion HA 200 Saeta and Super Saeta
★ CASA 201 Alcotán
★ CASA 202 Halcón
★ CASA 207 Azor
★ Douglas C-47 Skytrain
★ Grumman HU-16 Albatross
★ North American Aviation T-6 Texan
★ Beechcraft T-34 Mentor
★ Bell 47 Sioux
★ Douglas DC-8
★ Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star
★ North American F-86 Sabre
★ Lockheed F-104 Starfighter
★ Dassault Mirage III
★ McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II
External links
★ Home page of the Spanish Air Force
★ Unofficial Spanish Air Force page
★ Foro Militar General (a great Spanish Military forum)
References
1. http://www.ejercitodelaire.mde.es/webaire.nsf/generahtml?OpenAgent&id=32722F74179B58A5C12570D800255A73
2. http://www.ejercitodelaire.mde.es/webaire.nsf/generahtml?OpenAgent&id=D658B1C715DF59A5C12570E30059E7EB
3. http://www.ejercitodelaire.mde.es/webaire.nsf/generahtml?OpenAgent&id=80432EA4AFC34BCAC12570E3005B1B62
4. http://www.ejercitodelaire.mde.es/webaire.nsf/generahtml?OpenAgent&id=6485A0861301E048C12570D700463CE4
5. "World Military Aircraft Inventory", Aerospace Source Book 2007, ''Aviation Week & Space Technology'', January 15 2007.
6. "[1]
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