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A 'sports club', 'athletics club' or 'sports association' is an eclectic institution oriented to multiple sports, which fields many teams and has varied sports departments in several sports, working under the same umbrella organization. In a larger sense, it may also refer to any sports institution, even those that have only one sports team or single sports department. In order to differentiate a single sports institution from a multi-sport institution, the term 'multi-sport club' is used. Generally, "athletics club" doesn't need that kind of disambiguation.
In general, "sports club" can also refer to any single sports team, like a football club where the only sport is football. For instance, many British soccer clubs exist like Chelsea FC, Newcastle United or Celtic FC where the only teams fielded are soccer teams. However, rare examples do exist such as Fisher Athletic (football, boxing and athletics) or Catford Wanderers (cricket, tennis, badminton). Each team from the NBA (basketball), NFL (American football) or MLS (soccer) North American sports leagues, can be also called sports clubs, but in practice, they focus solely on a single sport. On the other hand, North American varsity teams are generally organized into a structure forming a true multi-sport club belonging to an educational institution.
There are also many clubs named "FC"/"''CF''" (English: Football Club/Portuguese:''Clube de Futebol''/Spanish:''Club de Fútbol''), among other designations, which are effectively full multisports clubs. For example, dozens of sports clubs with this designation are found in the Iberian Peninsula like the FC Porto, Boavista FC, or CF Belenenses in Portugal, and Real Madrid CF or FC Barcelona in Spain.
Generally, any sports club is characterized by having professional and amateur sports departments in various sports disciplines like football (soccer), basketball, futsal, volleyball, handball, rink hockey, water polo, rugby, athletics (track and field), boxing, baseball, tennis, sport rowing, gymnastics and other. An eclectic collection of competitive, recreational, and instructional athletic programs is available through club sports. The teams and athletes belonging to a sports club compete in several different leagues, championships and tournaments wearing the same club logotype, equipment colors and using the same club name, sharing also the same club fan base, supporters and facilities. Many sports clubs have an associate system where the affiliated supporters pay an annuity fee. In those cases, the supporter becomes eligible to attend the club's home matches and exhibitions across the entire season, and have the right to practice almost every kind of sport at the club's facilities. Registered associate member fees, attendance receipts, sponsoring contracts, team merchandising, TV rights, and athlete/player transfer fees, are usually the primary sources of sports club financing.
In many regions of the world like Europe, Africa, Middle East, Indian Subcontinent or Latin America, sports clubs comprised of several sports departments or branches are very popular and have developed into some of the most powerful and representative sports institutions in those places.
Examples of this can be found throughout the world:
★ Angola: Clube Desportivo Primeiro de Agosto
★ Argentina: Club Atlético Boca Juniors, Club Atlético River Plate, or Club Atlético Vélez Sársfield
★ Bosnia and Herzegovina: Borac Banja Luka, or Zrinjski Mostar
★ Brazil: Associação Portuguesa de Desportos, Flamengo, Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras, or Vasco da Gama
★ Bulgaria: CSKA Sofia, Levski Sofia, Lokomotiv Sofia, or Slavia Sofia
★ Chile: Club Deportivo Universidad Catolica
★ Croatia: HAŠK Mladost
★ Cyprus: AEL, APOEL, Omonia
★ Denmark: Aalborg Boldspilklub, Aarhus Gymnastik Forening, or Kjøbenhavns Boldklub
★ Egypt: Al-Zamalek
★ France : Paris Université Club, Racing Club de France, Stade Français Paris, or Stade Toulousain
★ Georgia: Dinamo Tbilisi
★ Germany: Bayer Leverkusen, Eintracht Frankfurt, or VfB Stuttgart
★ Greece: AEK Athens, Aris Thessaloniki, Iraklis, Olympiacos, Panathinaikos or PAOK
★ Hungary: Ferencvárosi TC
★ Iceland: FH, ÍA, or KR Reykjavík
★ India: Dempo Sports Club, Mohun Bagan Athletic Club, or Sporting Clube de Goa
★ Israel: Hapoel Jerusalem, Hapoel Tel Aviv, Maccabi Haifa, or Maccabi Tel Aviv
★ Italy: Benetton Treviso, S.S. Lazio
★ Japan: Albirex Niigata, Shonan Bellmare
★ Mexico: Club Deportivo Guadalajara
★ Monaco: AS Monaco
★ Montenegro: Budućnost Podgorica
★ Morocco: Raja Casablanca, or Wydad Casablanca
★ Netherlands: Omniworld, PSV Eindhoven
★ Paraguay: Club Olimpia
★ Poland: Legia Warszawa, Polonia Warszawa, Śląsk Wrocław, or Wisła Kraków
★ Portugal: Associação Académica de Coimbra, C.S. Marítimo, F.C. Porto, S.L. Benfica, or Sporting C.P.
★ Qatar: Al Sadd, or Qatar Sports Club
★ Romania: CSA Steaua Bucureşti, or U Cluj
★ Russia: CSKA Moscow, Dynamo Moscow, or Spartak Moscow
★ Saudi Arabia: Al-Ittihad
★ Serbia: Crvena Zvezda, or Partizan Belgrade
★ Spain: CD Numancia, FC Barcelona, or Real Madrid
★ Sweden: AIK, Djurgårdens IF, IFK Göteborg, or Örgryte IS
★ Switzerland: GC Zürich, or Lausanne Sports
★ Tunisia: Club Africain, Espérance Sportive de Tunis, or Étoile Sportive du Sahel
★ Turkey: Beşiktaş J.K., Fenerbahçe, or Galatasaray
★ Uruguay: Club Nacional de Football
In the United States of America major institutions like The New York Athletic Club, Los Angeles Athletic Club or many university athletic programs such as the California Golden Bears, Stanford Cardinal and Texas Longhorns are good examples of a sports club (''see list of College Athletic Programs by US State).
Multi-sport clubs with over a hundred thousand associates or at least 4 million supporters or sympathizers (audited by independent external auditors), and several trophies won in multiple sports include:
Fenerbahçe SK from Istanbul, Turkey, is a major sports club. Its most popular branch is the football team, but the club also competes in basketball, volleyball, rowing, boxing, sailing, athletics, swimming and table tennis. With an estimated 25 million "fans", Fenerbahçe is the most popular sports club in Turkey having also the highest average attendance in the Turkish football league matches. In 2006, Fenerbahçe merged its basketball operations with those of Ülkerspor, which in recent years had become the country's second-strongest club in that sport after Efes Pilsen.
FC Barcelona from Barcelona, Catalonia, is one among many well-known examples of a major multi-sport club (''club poliesportiu'' in Catalan). Although best known for its La Liga football team and its reserve football team FC Barcelona B, the club also incorporates other professional sports teams, having expanded into basketball, handball and roller hockey. The teams involved in these sports are subsidized by the football section and wear the same colors. These include AXA FC Barcelona, FC Barcelona-Cifec and FC Barcelona Sorli Discau. The club also includes a number of prominent amateur sports teams that compete in rugby union, women's basketball, women's football and wheelchair basketball. These include FCB Rugby, UB-Barça, and FC Barcelona-Institut Guttman. Other amateur teams represent the club in ice hockey, five-a-side football, athletics, baseball, cycling, field hockey, figure skating and volleyball. With dozens of trophies in several sports and over 150,000 associates, FC Barcelona is a powerhouse in world sports with millions of supporters and sympathizers worldwide.
FC Porto from Porto, Portugal, fields teams in football, basketball, rink hockey, handball, swimming, and athletics. In total, FC Porto is the portuguese club with most international titles. In total, in all these sports including, the 1987 and 2004 Intercontinental Cup, the 1987 and 2004 European Champions Cup, the 1987 European Supercup and the 2003 UEFA Cup in football; rink hockey - European Cup in 1986 and 1990, CERS Cup in 1994 and 1996, Cup Winners Cup in 1982 and 1983, and European Supercup in 1987. In others sports is one of best clubs in the Portugal. With dozens of trophies in several sports and over 110,000 associates and is one of the most popular Portuguese Clubs with 3 million supporters in Portugal and an estimated 28% among the total population. FC Porto is a powerhouse in world sports.
Olympiacos CFP from Piraeus, Greece, is a large multisport club in Europe and the most popular club in Greece. It develops activities in 17 different competitive departments, including football. The club boasts European and international titles in football, basketball (Olympiacos BC), volleyball (Olympiakos SC), water polo and athletics. Olympiacos have more honors than any other Greek team in men's football, volleyball and water polo. Olympiacos have achieved a Triple Crown (winning three major titles in one year) in two different sports (basketball and waterpolo).
Panathinaikos from Athens, Greece, is a major multisports club with many departments (24 different competitive departments) and a large number of national and international titles won by them. Furthermore, it is also the largest multisport club in Greece and also on an international scale, as measured by the number of different sports departments it maintains. The club is mostly known for its three professional teams football (Panathinaikos FC), basketball (Panathinaikos BC) and volleyball (Panathinaikos VC), where they compete at the highest level in Europe, but has also an enormous number of distinctions from its other amateur departments (Women Volleyball, Women Basketball, Athletics, Swimming, Cycling, Boxing, Diving, Archery, Shooting, Fencing, Table Tennis, Water Polo etc).
S.S. Lazio (Italian: ''Società Sportiva Lazio''), or Lazio Sports Association, is a sports club based in Rome, Italy and is the biggest sports association in Europe by number of departments with athletes competing in 37 disciplines ranging from cricket to basketball to parachute jumping[1]. Its men's football team however is by far its most important and prestigious.
SL Benfica from Lisbon, Portugal, fields teams in football, basketball, rink hockey, futsal, volleyball, handball, rugby, cycling, and athletics, among other sports. In total, Benfica have won many international titles in all these sports including the 1961 and 1962 European Champions Cup in football, rink hockey-CERS Cup in 1991, 3 Iberian Cups and 1 Torneio Ibérico in rugby, and 5 in the Athletics European Cup. With dozens of trophies in several sports and the largest number of associates, SL Benfica is a powerhouse in world sports. SL Benfica has the biggest fan base and the largest number of registered associates among Portuguese clubs, having also the largest number of supporters outside of Portugal for a Portuguese club, with a total of 12 million Benfica's supporters worldwide.[1] Almost every municipality of Portugal has its own ''Casa do Benfica'' (House of Benfica), which can also be found in many cities and towns of countries worldwide.[2] It is also the biggest club in the world in number of associates (registered paying supporters), with a number of 160,398 (as of November 2006), a fact which was attested by the Guinness Book of Records on 10th November 2006.[3][4][5]
Sporting Clube de Portugal, a multisports club based in Lisbon, Portugal, has about 100,000 registered club members.[6] Sporting is among the most successful and popular sports clubs in Portugal, its teams, athletes and supporters being oftenly nicknamed "''os Leões''" - "the Lions". The club competes in several sports including football, handball, futsal, athletics, swimming, table tennis, boxing, martial arts, shooting, archery, weight-lifting, and gymnastics.
Sporting claims that it is the second European most successful sports club after Barcelona.
1. [2]
2. ''Casas e Filiais'', Sport Lisboa e Benfica, accessed December 2006
3. Guinness World Records - S.L. Benfica
4. [3]
5. [4]
6. Pedro Jorge da Cunha - Finanças do futebol, 5th May 2006 - MaisFutebol
★ Football club
★ Team
★ Community organizations
In general, "sports club" can also refer to any single sports team, like a football club where the only sport is football. For instance, many British soccer clubs exist like Chelsea FC, Newcastle United or Celtic FC where the only teams fielded are soccer teams. However, rare examples do exist such as Fisher Athletic (football, boxing and athletics) or Catford Wanderers (cricket, tennis, badminton). Each team from the NBA (basketball), NFL (American football) or MLS (soccer) North American sports leagues, can be also called sports clubs, but in practice, they focus solely on a single sport. On the other hand, North American varsity teams are generally organized into a structure forming a true multi-sport club belonging to an educational institution.
There are also many clubs named "FC"/"''CF''" (English: Football Club/Portuguese:''Clube de Futebol''/Spanish:''Club de Fútbol''), among other designations, which are effectively full multisports clubs. For example, dozens of sports clubs with this designation are found in the Iberian Peninsula like the FC Porto, Boavista FC, or CF Belenenses in Portugal, and Real Madrid CF or FC Barcelona in Spain.
Organization
Generally, any sports club is characterized by having professional and amateur sports departments in various sports disciplines like football (soccer), basketball, futsal, volleyball, handball, rink hockey, water polo, rugby, athletics (track and field), boxing, baseball, tennis, sport rowing, gymnastics and other. An eclectic collection of competitive, recreational, and instructional athletic programs is available through club sports. The teams and athletes belonging to a sports club compete in several different leagues, championships and tournaments wearing the same club logotype, equipment colors and using the same club name, sharing also the same club fan base, supporters and facilities. Many sports clubs have an associate system where the affiliated supporters pay an annuity fee. In those cases, the supporter becomes eligible to attend the club's home matches and exhibitions across the entire season, and have the right to practice almost every kind of sport at the club's facilities. Registered associate member fees, attendance receipts, sponsoring contracts, team merchandising, TV rights, and athlete/player transfer fees, are usually the primary sources of sports club financing.
Multi-sport clubs in the World
In many regions of the world like Europe, Africa, Middle East, Indian Subcontinent or Latin America, sports clubs comprised of several sports departments or branches are very popular and have developed into some of the most powerful and representative sports institutions in those places.
Examples of this can be found throughout the world:
★ Angola: Clube Desportivo Primeiro de Agosto
★ Argentina: Club Atlético Boca Juniors, Club Atlético River Plate, or Club Atlético Vélez Sársfield
★ Bosnia and Herzegovina: Borac Banja Luka, or Zrinjski Mostar
★ Brazil: Associação Portuguesa de Desportos, Flamengo, Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras, or Vasco da Gama
★ Bulgaria: CSKA Sofia, Levski Sofia, Lokomotiv Sofia, or Slavia Sofia
★ Chile: Club Deportivo Universidad Catolica
★ Croatia: HAŠK Mladost
★ Cyprus: AEL, APOEL, Omonia
★ Denmark: Aalborg Boldspilklub, Aarhus Gymnastik Forening, or Kjøbenhavns Boldklub
★ Egypt: Al-Zamalek
★ France : Paris Université Club, Racing Club de France, Stade Français Paris, or Stade Toulousain
★ Georgia: Dinamo Tbilisi
★ Germany: Bayer Leverkusen, Eintracht Frankfurt, or VfB Stuttgart
★ Greece: AEK Athens, Aris Thessaloniki, Iraklis, Olympiacos, Panathinaikos or PAOK
★ Hungary: Ferencvárosi TC
★ Iceland: FH, ÍA, or KR Reykjavík
★ India: Dempo Sports Club, Mohun Bagan Athletic Club, or Sporting Clube de Goa
★ Israel: Hapoel Jerusalem, Hapoel Tel Aviv, Maccabi Haifa, or Maccabi Tel Aviv
★ Italy: Benetton Treviso, S.S. Lazio
★ Japan: Albirex Niigata, Shonan Bellmare
★ Mexico: Club Deportivo Guadalajara
★ Monaco: AS Monaco
★ Montenegro: Budućnost Podgorica
★ Morocco: Raja Casablanca, or Wydad Casablanca
★ Netherlands: Omniworld, PSV Eindhoven
★ Paraguay: Club Olimpia
★ Poland: Legia Warszawa, Polonia Warszawa, Śląsk Wrocław, or Wisła Kraków
★ Portugal: Associação Académica de Coimbra, C.S. Marítimo, F.C. Porto, S.L. Benfica, or Sporting C.P.
★ Qatar: Al Sadd, or Qatar Sports Club
★ Romania: CSA Steaua Bucureşti, or U Cluj
★ Russia: CSKA Moscow, Dynamo Moscow, or Spartak Moscow
★ Saudi Arabia: Al-Ittihad
★ Serbia: Crvena Zvezda, or Partizan Belgrade
★ Spain: CD Numancia, FC Barcelona, or Real Madrid
★ Sweden: AIK, Djurgårdens IF, IFK Göteborg, or Örgryte IS
★ Switzerland: GC Zürich, or Lausanne Sports
★ Tunisia: Club Africain, Espérance Sportive de Tunis, or Étoile Sportive du Sahel
★ Turkey: Beşiktaş J.K., Fenerbahçe, or Galatasaray
★ Uruguay: Club Nacional de Football
In the United States of America major institutions like The New York Athletic Club, Los Angeles Athletic Club or many university athletic programs such as the California Golden Bears, Stanford Cardinal and Texas Longhorns are good examples of a sports club (''see list of College Athletic Programs by US State).
Major active sports clubs
Multi-sport clubs with over a hundred thousand associates or at least 4 million supporters or sympathizers (audited by independent external auditors), and several trophies won in multiple sports include:
Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü (Turkey)
Fenerbahçe SK from Istanbul, Turkey, is a major sports club. Its most popular branch is the football team, but the club also competes in basketball, volleyball, rowing, boxing, sailing, athletics, swimming and table tennis. With an estimated 25 million "fans", Fenerbahçe is the most popular sports club in Turkey having also the highest average attendance in the Turkish football league matches. In 2006, Fenerbahçe merged its basketball operations with those of Ülkerspor, which in recent years had become the country's second-strongest club in that sport after Efes Pilsen.
Futbol Club Barcelona (Spain)
FC Barcelona from Barcelona, Catalonia, is one among many well-known examples of a major multi-sport club (''club poliesportiu'' in Catalan). Although best known for its La Liga football team and its reserve football team FC Barcelona B, the club also incorporates other professional sports teams, having expanded into basketball, handball and roller hockey. The teams involved in these sports are subsidized by the football section and wear the same colors. These include AXA FC Barcelona, FC Barcelona-Cifec and FC Barcelona Sorli Discau. The club also includes a number of prominent amateur sports teams that compete in rugby union, women's basketball, women's football and wheelchair basketball. These include FCB Rugby, UB-Barça, and FC Barcelona-Institut Guttman. Other amateur teams represent the club in ice hockey, five-a-side football, athletics, baseball, cycling, field hockey, figure skating and volleyball. With dozens of trophies in several sports and over 150,000 associates, FC Barcelona is a powerhouse in world sports with millions of supporters and sympathizers worldwide.
Futebol Clube do Porto (Portugal)
FC Porto from Porto, Portugal, fields teams in football, basketball, rink hockey, handball, swimming, and athletics. In total, FC Porto is the portuguese club with most international titles. In total, in all these sports including, the 1987 and 2004 Intercontinental Cup, the 1987 and 2004 European Champions Cup, the 1987 European Supercup and the 2003 UEFA Cup in football; rink hockey - European Cup in 1986 and 1990, CERS Cup in 1994 and 1996, Cup Winners Cup in 1982 and 1983, and European Supercup in 1987. In others sports is one of best clubs in the Portugal. With dozens of trophies in several sports and over 110,000 associates and is one of the most popular Portuguese Clubs with 3 million supporters in Portugal and an estimated 28% among the total population. FC Porto is a powerhouse in world sports.
Olympiacos CFP (Greece)
Olympiacos CFP from Piraeus, Greece, is a large multisport club in Europe and the most popular club in Greece. It develops activities in 17 different competitive departments, including football. The club boasts European and international titles in football, basketball (Olympiacos BC), volleyball (Olympiakos SC), water polo and athletics. Olympiacos have more honors than any other Greek team in men's football, volleyball and water polo. Olympiacos have achieved a Triple Crown (winning three major titles in one year) in two different sports (basketball and waterpolo).
Panathinaikos Athlitikos Omilos (Greece)
Panathinaikos from Athens, Greece, is a major multisports club with many departments (24 different competitive departments) and a large number of national and international titles won by them. Furthermore, it is also the largest multisport club in Greece and also on an international scale, as measured by the number of different sports departments it maintains. The club is mostly known for its three professional teams football (Panathinaikos FC), basketball (Panathinaikos BC) and volleyball (Panathinaikos VC), where they compete at the highest level in Europe, but has also an enormous number of distinctions from its other amateur departments (Women Volleyball, Women Basketball, Athletics, Swimming, Cycling, Boxing, Diving, Archery, Shooting, Fencing, Table Tennis, Water Polo etc).
Società Sportiva Lazio (Italy)
S.S. Lazio (Italian: ''Società Sportiva Lazio''), or Lazio Sports Association, is a sports club based in Rome, Italy and is the biggest sports association in Europe by number of departments with athletes competing in 37 disciplines ranging from cricket to basketball to parachute jumping[1]. Its men's football team however is by far its most important and prestigious.
Sport Lisboa e Benfica (Portugal)
SL Benfica from Lisbon, Portugal, fields teams in football, basketball, rink hockey, futsal, volleyball, handball, rugby, cycling, and athletics, among other sports. In total, Benfica have won many international titles in all these sports including the 1961 and 1962 European Champions Cup in football, rink hockey-CERS Cup in 1991, 3 Iberian Cups and 1 Torneio Ibérico in rugby, and 5 in the Athletics European Cup. With dozens of trophies in several sports and the largest number of associates, SL Benfica is a powerhouse in world sports. SL Benfica has the biggest fan base and the largest number of registered associates among Portuguese clubs, having also the largest number of supporters outside of Portugal for a Portuguese club, with a total of 12 million Benfica's supporters worldwide.[1] Almost every municipality of Portugal has its own ''Casa do Benfica'' (House of Benfica), which can also be found in many cities and towns of countries worldwide.[2] It is also the biggest club in the world in number of associates (registered paying supporters), with a number of 160,398 (as of November 2006), a fact which was attested by the Guinness Book of Records on 10th November 2006.[3][4][5]
Sporting Clube de Portugal (Portugal)
Sporting Clube de Portugal, a multisports club based in Lisbon, Portugal, has about 100,000 registered club members.[6] Sporting is among the most successful and popular sports clubs in Portugal, its teams, athletes and supporters being oftenly nicknamed "''os Leões''" - "the Lions". The club competes in several sports including football, handball, futsal, athletics, swimming, table tennis, boxing, martial arts, shooting, archery, weight-lifting, and gymnastics.
Sporting claims that it is the second European most successful sports club after Barcelona.
References
1. [2]
2. ''Casas e Filiais'', Sport Lisboa e Benfica, accessed December 2006
3. Guinness World Records - S.L. Benfica
4. [3]
5. [4]
6. Pedro Jorge da Cunha - Finanças do futebol, 5th May 2006 - MaisFutebol
See also
★ Football club
★ Team
★ Community organizations
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