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In structural geology, a 'syncline' is a downward-curving fold, with layers that dip toward the center of the structure. On a geologic map, synclines are recognized by a sequence of rock layers that grow progressively younger, followed by the youngest layer at the fold's center or ''hinge'', and by a reverse sequence of the same rock layers on the opposite side of the hinge. If the fold pattern is circular or elongate circular the structure is a basin. A notable syncline is Wyoming's Powder River Basin. Folds typically form during crustal deformation as the result of compression that accompanies orogenic mountain building.
A spectacular example of a perched syncline, the highest in Europe, is Saou, in the Alpine foothills of southeastern France.

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★ Anticline

★ Ridge-and-valley Appalachians — With good bird's eye photo of a range of the types