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(Redirected from Syncopated)
In music, 'syncopation' is a stress on a normally unstressed beat, or a missing beat where a stressed one would normally be expected. Syncopation is used in many musical styles, including classical music, but it is fundamental in such styles as reggae, ragtime, rap, jump blues, jazz and often in dubstep. In the form of a back beat, syncopation is used in virtually all contemporary popular music.
In meters with even numbers of beats (2/4, 4/4, etc.), the stress normally falls on the odd-numbered beats. If the even-numbered beats are stressed instead, the rhythm is syncopated.
The stress can shift by less than a whole beat so it falls on an ''off-beat'', as in the following example where the stress in the first bar is shifted by an eighth note (or quaver):
Playing a note ever-so-slightly before or after a beat is another form of syncopation because this produces an unexpected accent.
'Anticipated bass' is a bass tone that comes syncopated shortly before the downbeat, which is used in Son montuno Cuban dance music. Timing can vary, but it usually comes less than an eighth note before the one and three beats in 4/4...
Another type of syncopation is the 'missed beat', in which a rest is substituted for an expected note's beginning . For example, if the musician suddenly does not play anything on beat 1, that would also be syncopation.
Richard Middleton (1990, p.212-13) suggests adding the concept of transformation to Narmour's (1980, p.147-53) prosodic rules which create rhythmic successions in order to explain or generate syncopations. "The syncopated pattern is heard 'with reference to', 'in light of', as a remapping of, its partner."
He gives examples of:
★ Latin equivalent of simple 4/4:
★ Backbeat transformation of simple 4/4:
★ Before-the-beat phrasing, combined with backbeat transformation of a simple repeated trochee, which gives the phraseology of "Satisfaction":
★ Middleton, Richard (1990/2002). ''Studying Popular Music''. Philadelphia: Open University Press. ISBN 0-335-15275-9.
★
★ Seyer, Philip, Allan B. Novick and Paul Harmon (1997). ''What Makes Music Work''. Forest Hill Music. ISBN 0-9651344-0-7.
★ Syncopation in Dance and Music
★ On syncopation (Dutch)
★ Syncopation (dance)
In music, 'syncopation' is a stress on a normally unstressed beat, or a missing beat where a stressed one would normally be expected. Syncopation is used in many musical styles, including classical music, but it is fundamental in such styles as reggae, ragtime, rap, jump blues, jazz and often in dubstep. In the form of a back beat, syncopation is used in virtually all contemporary popular music.
| Contents |
| Types of syncopation |
| Even-note syncopation |
| Off-beat syncopation |
| Anticipated bass |
| Missed-beat syncopation |
| Transformation |
| References |
| Further reading |
| External links |
| See also |
Types of syncopation
Even-note syncopation
In meters with even numbers of beats (2/4, 4/4, etc.), the stress normally falls on the odd-numbered beats. If the even-numbered beats are stressed instead, the rhythm is syncopated.
Off-beat syncopation
The stress can shift by less than a whole beat so it falls on an ''off-beat'', as in the following example where the stress in the first bar is shifted by an eighth note (or quaver):
Syncopation example.svg
Playing a note ever-so-slightly before or after a beat is another form of syncopation because this produces an unexpected accent.
Anticipated bass
'Anticipated bass' is a bass tone that comes syncopated shortly before the downbeat, which is used in Son montuno Cuban dance music. Timing can vary, but it usually comes less than an eighth note before the one and three beats in 4/4...
Missed-beat syncopation
Another type of syncopation is the 'missed beat', in which a rest is substituted for an expected note's beginning . For example, if the musician suddenly does not play anything on beat 1, that would also be syncopation.
Transformation
Richard Middleton (1990, p.212-13) suggests adding the concept of transformation to Narmour's (1980, p.147-53) prosodic rules which create rhythmic successions in order to explain or generate syncopations. "The syncopated pattern is heard 'with reference to', 'in light of', as a remapping of, its partner."
He gives examples of:
★ Latin equivalent of simple 4/4:
Latin transformation
★ Backbeat transformation of simple 4/4:
Backbeat transformation
★ Before-the-beat phrasing, combined with backbeat transformation of a simple repeated trochee, which gives the phraseology of "Satisfaction":
"Satisfaction" backbeat syncopation is good and before-the-beat transformations
References
★ Middleton, Richard (1990/2002). ''Studying Popular Music''. Philadelphia: Open University Press. ISBN 0-335-15275-9.
★
Further reading
★ Seyer, Philip, Allan B. Novick and Paul Harmon (1997). ''What Makes Music Work''. Forest Hill Music. ISBN 0-9651344-0-7.
External links
★ Syncopation in Dance and Music
★ On syncopation (Dutch)
See also
★ Syncopation (dance)
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