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(Redirected from Tangrams)
'Tangram' () is a Dissection puzzle. It consists of 7 pieces, called ''tans'', which fit together to form a shape of some sort. The objective is to form a specific shape with seven pieces. The shape has to contain all the pieces, which may not overlap.
The tangram very possibly originated from the ''yanjitu'' (燕几圖) furniture set during the Song Dynasty. According to historical Chinese records, the furniture set was originally a set of 6 rectangular tables. Later, an additional triangular table was added to the set, and people can arrange the 7 tables into a big square table. There is some variation to such furniture set during the Ming Dynasty, and later became a set of wooden blocks for playing.
Another legend states that a servant of a Chinese emperor was carrying a ceramic tile, extremely expensive and extremely fragile. The servant tripped, shattering the tile. In a panic, the servant desperately tried to reassemble the tile into a square, but could not. He did realize, however, that many other shapes could be formed from the pieces.
While the tangram is often said to be ancient, its existence in the Western world has been verified no earlier than 1800. Tangrams were brought to America by Chinese and American ships during the first part of the nineteenth century. The earliest example known is made of ivory in a silk box and was given to the son of an American ship owner in 1802.
The word "tangram" is built from TANG + GRAM. The word "Tangram" was first used by Thomas Hill, later President of Harvard, in his book ''Geometrical Puzzle for the Youth'' in 1848.
The author and mathematician Lewis Carroll reputedly was a great enthusiast of tangrams and possessed a Chinese book with tissue-thin leaves containing 323 tangram designs. Napoleon owned a Tangram set and Chinese problem and solution books while he was imprisoned on the island of St. Helena. Photos are shown in "The Tangram Book" by Jerry Slocum.
Traditional tangrams were made from stone, bone, clay or other easy to get materials. Nowadays they can be made from plastic, wood or other modern materials.
lop
★ 1 parallelogram (sides of 1 and )
★ Tiling puzzle
★ Mathematical game
★ ''2nd Scientific American Book of Mathematical Puzzles and Diversions'', Martin Gardner, Simon & Schuster, 1961
★ ''A Heuristic Solution to the Tangram Puzzle'', E. S. Deutsch & K. C. Hayes Jr., Machine Intelligence v7, p205-240, 1972
★ ''A Sage's Journey, The Story of Tangrams'', John L. Lehet, Mathmaverick Press, 1998
★ ''A Teacher's Guide to Tangram Mastery'', Allan F. Hirsch, Alleyoop Enterprises, 1996
★ ''A Theorem on Tangram'', F. T. Wang & C. C. Hsiung, American Mathematical Monthly v49, 1942
★ ''Adventure of the Beautiful Princess in Triangle Land'', F. Gregory Hartswick, Siman & Schuster Publishers, 1925
★ ''Amusements in Mathematics'', H. E. Dudeney, Dover Publications, 1958
★ ''Anno's Math Games'', Mitsumasa Anno, Philomel Books
★ ''Creative Puzzles of the World'', Pieter Van Delft & Jack Botermans, Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1978
★ ''Camella Runs Free: A Tangram Adventure'', Dr. T. E. Foster, Booksurge, 2007,
ISBN 978-1-4196-6606-3
★ ''Delightful Illusions (Or Not) With Tangrams'', Dr. T. E. Foster, Booksurge, 2007,
ISBN 978-1-4196-7537-9
★ ''Ess Tangram Cards; The Elementary Science Study'', Dale Seymour Publications, Addison Wesley Publishing Company. Three sets: Grades K-8, Set II, Set III
★ ''Geometry and Fractions with Tangrams'', Barbara Bando Irvin
★ ''Granfather 'Tang's Story'', Ann Tompert, Crown Publisher, Inc., 1990
★ ''Mathematical Games-on the Fanciful History and the Creative Challenges of the Puzzle Game of Tangrams'', Martin Gardner, Scientific American, p98-103, Aug. 1974
★ ''More on Tangrams'', Martin Gardner, Scientific American, p187-191, Sep. 1974
★ ''Puzzles of Old and New'', Jerry Slocum & Jack Botermans, 1986
★ ''Pythagoras-A Game of 179 Puzzles'', Kohner Bros. Inc.
★ ''Sam Loyd's Book of Tangram Puzzles (The 8th Book of Tan Part I)'', Sam Loyd, Dover Publications, 1968
★ ''Tangram ABC Kit'', Susan Johnston, Dover Publications
★ ''Tangram Box'', James Lyon, Book-in-a-Box Publications, 2005
★ ''Tangram Patterns'', Thomas E. Foster, Creative Publications, 1977,
ISBN 0-88488-081-8
★ ''Tangram Puzzle Game Binary Arts'' ISBN 0-641-50914-6
★ ''Tangram Puzzles: 500 Tricky Shapes to Confound & Astound'' / Includes Deluxe Wood Tangrams Chris Crawford ISBN 0-8069-7589-X, 2002 Sterling Publishing Company
★ ''Tangram, The Ancient Chinese Shapes Game'', Joost Elfers, Penguin Books, 1976 ISBN 0-14-004181-8
★ ''Tangramath'', Dale Seymour, Creative Publications Inc., 1971
★ ''Tangrams'', 330 Puzzles, Ronald C. Read, Dover Publications, 1965 ISBN 0-486-21483-4
★ "Tangrams", Harry Lindgren, Journal of Recreational Mathematics, p184-192, 1969
★ ''Tangrams, I Ching Games of Duke Tan of Chou and C. C. T'ung'', H. Y. Li, Cadleon Press, 1971
★ ''Tangrams, Picture Making Puzzle Game'', Peter Van Note, Tuttle
★ ''Tangrams: 1,600 Ancient Chinese Puzzles'', Joost Elffers, Michael Schuyt Barnes & Noble Books, September 2001 ISBN 0-7607-2712-0
★ ''The Book of Ingenious and Diabolic Puzzles'', Jerry Slocum & Jack Botermans, Random House Inc., 1994
★ ''The Fun with Tangram Kit'', Susan Johnston, Dover Publications ISBN 0-486-23436-3
★ ''The Master Revealed-A Journey with Tangrams'', Barbara E. Ford, Tandora's Box Press, 1990 ISBN 0-9627337-8-4
★ ''Tangrams - The Magnificent Seven Piece Puzzle'', Barbara E. Ford, Tandora's Box Press, 2003 ISBN 0-9627337-7-6
★ ''The Legend of the Tangram Prince'', Dr. T. E. Foster, BookSurge, 2007,
ISBN 1-4196-6165-5
★ ''The Super Source-Tangrams'', Dale Seymour
★ ''The Tangram ABC Book'', Dr. T. E. Foster, Printing Craft, 1975 (black & white)
★ ''The Tangram ABC Book'', Dr. T. E. Foster, BookSurge, 2006 (color)
ISBN 1-4196-4915-9
★ ''The Tangram Book'', Jerry Slocum, Dieter Gebhardt, Jack Botermans, Monica Ma, Xiaohe Ma 2003 ISBN 1-4027-0413-5 Sterling Publishing Company
★ ''Then and Now on Old Macdonald's Farm: A Tangram Number Book'', Dr. T. E. Foster,
BookSurge, 2006, ISBN 1-4196-4916-7
★ ''World of Games'', Their Origin and History, Jack Botermans, 1981
A typical tangram construction
'Tangram' () is a Dissection puzzle. It consists of 7 pieces, called ''tans'', which fit together to form a shape of some sort. The objective is to form a specific shape with seven pieces. The shape has to contain all the pieces, which may not overlap.
| Contents |
| History |
| See also |
| Further reading |
History
Wooden Tangram Set
The tangram very possibly originated from the ''yanjitu'' (燕几圖) furniture set during the Song Dynasty. According to historical Chinese records, the furniture set was originally a set of 6 rectangular tables. Later, an additional triangular table was added to the set, and people can arrange the 7 tables into a big square table. There is some variation to such furniture set during the Ming Dynasty, and later became a set of wooden blocks for playing.
The tans are often stored as a rectangle
Another legend states that a servant of a Chinese emperor was carrying a ceramic tile, extremely expensive and extremely fragile. The servant tripped, shattering the tile. In a panic, the servant desperately tried to reassemble the tile into a square, but could not. He did realize, however, that many other shapes could be formed from the pieces.
While the tangram is often said to be ancient, its existence in the Western world has been verified no earlier than 1800. Tangrams were brought to America by Chinese and American ships during the first part of the nineteenth century. The earliest example known is made of ivory in a silk box and was given to the son of an American ship owner in 1802.
The word "tangram" is built from TANG + GRAM. The word "Tangram" was first used by Thomas Hill, later President of Harvard, in his book ''Geometrical Puzzle for the Youth'' in 1848.
The author and mathematician Lewis Carroll reputedly was a great enthusiast of tangrams and possessed a Chinese book with tissue-thin leaves containing 323 tangram designs. Napoleon owned a Tangram set and Chinese problem and solution books while he was imprisoned on the island of St. Helena. Photos are shown in "The Tangram Book" by Jerry Slocum.
Traditional tangrams were made from stone, bone, clay or other easy to get materials. Nowadays they can be made from plastic, wood or other modern materials.
lop
★ 1 parallelogram (sides of 1 and )
See also
★ Tiling puzzle
★ Mathematical game
Further reading
★ ''2nd Scientific American Book of Mathematical Puzzles and Diversions'', Martin Gardner, Simon & Schuster, 1961
★ ''A Heuristic Solution to the Tangram Puzzle'', E. S. Deutsch & K. C. Hayes Jr., Machine Intelligence v7, p205-240, 1972
★ ''A Sage's Journey, The Story of Tangrams'', John L. Lehet, Mathmaverick Press, 1998
★ ''A Teacher's Guide to Tangram Mastery'', Allan F. Hirsch, Alleyoop Enterprises, 1996
★ ''A Theorem on Tangram'', F. T. Wang & C. C. Hsiung, American Mathematical Monthly v49, 1942
★ ''Adventure of the Beautiful Princess in Triangle Land'', F. Gregory Hartswick, Siman & Schuster Publishers, 1925
★ ''Amusements in Mathematics'', H. E. Dudeney, Dover Publications, 1958
★ ''Anno's Math Games'', Mitsumasa Anno, Philomel Books
★ ''Creative Puzzles of the World'', Pieter Van Delft & Jack Botermans, Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1978
★ ''Camella Runs Free: A Tangram Adventure'', Dr. T. E. Foster, Booksurge, 2007,
ISBN 978-1-4196-6606-3
★ ''Delightful Illusions (Or Not) With Tangrams'', Dr. T. E. Foster, Booksurge, 2007,
ISBN 978-1-4196-7537-9
★ ''Ess Tangram Cards; The Elementary Science Study'', Dale Seymour Publications, Addison Wesley Publishing Company. Three sets: Grades K-8, Set II, Set III
★ ''Geometry and Fractions with Tangrams'', Barbara Bando Irvin
★ ''Granfather 'Tang's Story'', Ann Tompert, Crown Publisher, Inc., 1990
★ ''Mathematical Games-on the Fanciful History and the Creative Challenges of the Puzzle Game of Tangrams'', Martin Gardner, Scientific American, p98-103, Aug. 1974
★ ''More on Tangrams'', Martin Gardner, Scientific American, p187-191, Sep. 1974
★ ''Puzzles of Old and New'', Jerry Slocum & Jack Botermans, 1986
★ ''Pythagoras-A Game of 179 Puzzles'', Kohner Bros. Inc.
★ ''Sam Loyd's Book of Tangram Puzzles (The 8th Book of Tan Part I)'', Sam Loyd, Dover Publications, 1968
★ ''Tangram ABC Kit'', Susan Johnston, Dover Publications
★ ''Tangram Box'', James Lyon, Book-in-a-Box Publications, 2005
★ ''Tangram Patterns'', Thomas E. Foster, Creative Publications, 1977,
ISBN 0-88488-081-8
★ ''Tangram Puzzle Game Binary Arts'' ISBN 0-641-50914-6
★ ''Tangram Puzzles: 500 Tricky Shapes to Confound & Astound'' / Includes Deluxe Wood Tangrams Chris Crawford ISBN 0-8069-7589-X, 2002 Sterling Publishing Company
★ ''Tangram, The Ancient Chinese Shapes Game'', Joost Elfers, Penguin Books, 1976 ISBN 0-14-004181-8
★ ''Tangramath'', Dale Seymour, Creative Publications Inc., 1971
★ ''Tangrams'', 330 Puzzles, Ronald C. Read, Dover Publications, 1965 ISBN 0-486-21483-4
★ "Tangrams", Harry Lindgren, Journal of Recreational Mathematics, p184-192, 1969
★ ''Tangrams, I Ching Games of Duke Tan of Chou and C. C. T'ung'', H. Y. Li, Cadleon Press, 1971
★ ''Tangrams, Picture Making Puzzle Game'', Peter Van Note, Tuttle
★ ''Tangrams: 1,600 Ancient Chinese Puzzles'', Joost Elffers, Michael Schuyt Barnes & Noble Books, September 2001 ISBN 0-7607-2712-0
★ ''The Book of Ingenious and Diabolic Puzzles'', Jerry Slocum & Jack Botermans, Random House Inc., 1994
★ ''The Fun with Tangram Kit'', Susan Johnston, Dover Publications ISBN 0-486-23436-3
★ ''The Master Revealed-A Journey with Tangrams'', Barbara E. Ford, Tandora's Box Press, 1990 ISBN 0-9627337-8-4
★ ''Tangrams - The Magnificent Seven Piece Puzzle'', Barbara E. Ford, Tandora's Box Press, 2003 ISBN 0-9627337-7-6
★ ''The Legend of the Tangram Prince'', Dr. T. E. Foster, BookSurge, 2007,
ISBN 1-4196-6165-5
★ ''The Super Source-Tangrams'', Dale Seymour
★ ''The Tangram ABC Book'', Dr. T. E. Foster, Printing Craft, 1975 (black & white)
★ ''The Tangram ABC Book'', Dr. T. E. Foster, BookSurge, 2006 (color)
ISBN 1-4196-4915-9
★ ''The Tangram Book'', Jerry Slocum, Dieter Gebhardt, Jack Botermans, Monica Ma, Xiaohe Ma 2003 ISBN 1-4027-0413-5 Sterling Publishing Company
★ ''Then and Now on Old Macdonald's Farm: A Tangram Number Book'', Dr. T. E. Foster,
BookSurge, 2006, ISBN 1-4196-4916-7
★ ''World of Games'', Their Origin and History, Jack Botermans, 1981
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