TAPAS

'Tapas' () is the name for a wide variety of appetizers in Spanish cuisine.
They may be cold, such as mixed olives and cheese, or warm, such as ''puntillitas'', Andalusian battered, fried baby squid. In the United States and the United Kingdom, tapas have evolved into an entire cuisine; at Spanish restaurants, patrons may order many different small tapas, and combine them for a full meal.

Contents

History

Etymology

Tapas in Spain

Common dishes

Tapas in the United States and the United Kingdom

Tapas in the Philippines

External links

History

According to ''The Joy of Cooking'', the original tapas were the slices of bread that sherry drinkers in Andalusian taverns used to cover their glasses between sips. This was a practical measure meant to prevent fruit flies from hovering over the sweet sherry. But soon, enterprising bartenders were putting small snacks on the bread, and the lowly tapa (derived from the word tapar, "to cover") became as important as the sherry.
Tapas evolved over Spain's history through the incorporation of ingredients and influences from many different cultures and countries. The east coast was invaded by the Romans, who introduced the olive and irrigation methods. The invasion of the North African Moors in the 8th century also brought olives to the south, as well as almonds, citrus fruits and fragrant spices. The influence of their 700-year presence remains today, especially in Andalusia. The discovery of the New World brought the introduction of tomatoes, sweet and chili peppers (capsicums), corn, beans and potatoes. These were readily accepted and easily grown in Spain's micro-climates.

Etymology

''Tapa'' means "lid" or "cover" in Spanish. There are several explanations for the etymology of "tapa":

★ A commonly cited explanation is that an item, be it bread or a flat card, etc., would often be placed on top of a drink to protect it from fruit flies; at some point it became a habit to top this "cover" with a snack.

★ It is also commonly said that since one would be standing while eating a ''tapa'' in traditional Spanish bars, they would need to place their plates on top of their drinks in order to eat, making it a top.

★ Some experts believe that the name originated sometime around the 16th century when tavern owners from Castilla-La Mancha found out that the strong taste and smell of mature cheese could help disguise that of bad wine, thus "covering" it, and started offering free cheese when serving cheap wine.

★ Another popular explanation says that the king Alfonso XII stopped by a famous ''venta'' (inn) in Cádiz (Andalusian city) where he ordered a cup of sherry. The waiter covered the glass with a slice of cured ham before offering it to the king, to protect the wine from the beach sand, as Cádiz is a windy place. The king, after drinking his wine and eating the tapa, ordered another sherry "with the same cover".

Tapas in Spain

In Spain, dinner is usually served between 9 p.m. and 11 p.m. (sometimes as late as 12 midnight), leaving significant time between work and dinner. Therefore, Spaniards often go "bar hopping" () and eat tapas in the time between finishing work and having dinner. Since lunch is usually served between 2 and 4 p.m., another common time for tapas is weekend days around noon as a means of socializing before lunch proper at home.
It is very common for a bar or a small local restaurant to have 8 to 12 different kinds of tapas in warming trays with glass partitions covering the food. They are often very strongly flavored with garlic, chilies or paprika, cumin, salt, pepper, saffron and sometimes in plentiful amounts of olive oil. Often one or more of the choices is seafood (''mariscos''), often including anchovies, sardines or mackerel in olive oil, squid or others in a tomato based sauce, sometimes with the addition of red or green peppers or other seasoning. It is rare to see a tapas selection not include one or more types of olives, such as manzanilla or arbequina olives. One or more types of bread are usually available to eat with any of the sauce-based tapas.
In the northern Spanish city of León, in Asturias, in Extremadura, and in parts of Andalusia, when you go to a bar and order a drink, you get a tapa for free. This happens mostly in the province of Jaén, Granada, Almería but it is not very common in the rest of Andalusia, where you generally have to pay for both the drink and the tapa. Sometimes, especially in Northern Spain, they're also called pinchos (spelled ''pintxos'' in Basque) in the Basque Country and in some provinces like Salamanca. They're called that because many of them have a pincho, or toothpick, through them. The toothpick is used to keep whatever the snack is made of from falling off the bread it has been attached to and to keep track of the number of tapas the customer has eaten. Differently priced tapas have different shape or size toothpicks. Tapa price ranges from 1.00 to 1.50 euros. Another name for them is ''banderillas'' (diminutive of ''bandera'' "flag"), in part because some of them resemble the colorful skewers used in bullfighting.
In Andalusia, tapas can be "upgraded" to bigger portions, equivalent to half a dish (''media ración'') or a whole one (''ración''). This is generally more economical when a tapa is being ordered by more than one person. The portions are usually shared by diners, and a meal made up of raciones resembles a Middle Eastern mezze or Chinese dim sum.

Common dishes

;Aceitunas
:Olives
;Albóndigas
:Meatballs
;Allioli
:Meaning "Garlic and oil" in Catalan (the classic ingredients are only garlic, oil and salt, but the common form of it is Mayonnaise and garlic) a very strong garlic paste. Served on bread or with potatoes, fish, meat or grilled vegetables.
;Calamares
:Rings of battered squid.
;Carne mechada.
;Cojonuda. (Superb female)
: It is a kind of 'pincho'. It consists of a slice of Spanish morcilla with a fried quail egg over a slice of bread. It is very common to see it in Burgos because Spanish morcilla is also called morcilla de Burgos.
;Cojonudo. (Superb male)
: It is a kind of 'pincho'. It consists of a slice of Spanish chorizo with a fried quail egg over a slice of bread.
;Chorizo al vino
:Chorizo sausage slowly cooked in wine.
;Croquetas
:Croquettes are a common sight on bar counters and in homes across Spain, served as a tapa, light lunch, or a dinner along with a salad.
;Ensaladilla rusa
:Mixed boiled vegetables with tuna, olives and mayonnaise.
;Gambas
:Prawns sauteed in ''salsa negra'' (peppercorn sauce), ''al ajillo'' (with garlic), or ''pil-pil'' (with chopped chili peppers).
;Pincho moruno
:A spicy kebab-like stick, made of pork or chicken meat. Its name means 'Moorish Stick'.
;Patatas bravas
:Fried potato dices (sometimes part-boiled and then fried, or simply boiled) served with ''salsa brava,'' a spicy tomato sauce. Alioli is often served with it too.
;Puntillitas
:Battered and fried baby squid.
;Queso con anchoas
:Castilla or Manchego cured cheese with anchovies on top.
;Rajo
:Pork meat seasoned with garlic and parsley. A variety with added paprika is called ''Zorza''.
;Solomillo a la castellana
:Fried pork scallops, served with an onion and/or Cabrales cheese sauce
;Solomillo al whisky, or al güisqui
:Fried pork scallops, marinated using whisky, brandy or white wine and olive oil.
;Tortilla de patatas, also known as Tortilla española
:A type of omelette containing fried chunks of potatoes and sometimes onion. A variety containing vegetables and chorizo (similar to frittata) is known as ''Tortilla paisana''.
;Tortillitas de camarones
:Battered-prawn fritters.
;Stuffed Mussels (Tigres): In Bilbao, these stuffed mussels are called ''tigres'' ("tigers") because of their fieriness.

Tapas in the United States and the United Kingdom

Upscale tapas restaurants are common in developed cities of the United States and the United Kingdom, where a selection of tapas are typically served as a main course. As with any cuisine exported from its original country, there can be significant differences between the original Spanish dishes and the dishes served abroad.

Tapas in the Philippines

The Philippines was a Spanish colony for nearly 400 years, from 1521 until 1898. Filipinos adapted many Spanish words into the local language, including ''tapa''. But nowadays ''tapa'' in the Philippines bears little resemblance to the original Spanish meaning. It is specifically a traditional dish of salt-cured beef, somewhat similar to American-style beef jerky.
Today, Filipino ''tapa'' (mostly made with beef; occasionally with venison or wild boar meat) is fried and eaten as a full meal, usually for breakfast, with garlic fried rice and fried eggs, along with a chili-vinegar dip. On its own, beef ''tapa'' is crisp-fried and served as a proper Spanish-style tapas, i.e. with alcoholic drinks, in many bars, restaurants and homes.
The concept of Spanish ''tapas''—eating little plates of food with alcoholic beverages—has a long tradition in the Philippines. Indeed, no Filipino would ever think of having drinks without at least 4 or 5 plates of different ''pulutan'' or ''pica-pica'' (Filipino ''tapas'').
Interestingly, some common ''pulutan'' in the Philippines have a distinctly Spanish orientation: ''gambas al ajillo'', ''calamares'' (deep-fried breaded squid), mushrooms in olive oil and garlic, ''caldereta'' (Filipinized Spanish beef or goat stew), and other more elaborate presentations.

External links

★ About.com Guide to Tapas in Spain.

★ El mundo de las Tapas. History and recipes in Spanish and English

★ Tapas in Madrid.