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In Sanskrit grammar a 'tatpuruṣa' (तत्पुरुष) compound is a dependent determinative compound, i.e. a compound XY meaning a type of Y which is related to X in a way corresponding to one of the grammatical cases of X.
There are many tatpuruşas (one for each of the noun cases, and a few others besides); in a tatpuruṣa, one component is related to another. For example, "doghouse" is a dative compound, a house for a dog. It would be called a ''caturthī-tatpuruṣa'' (''caturthī'' refers to the fourth case — that is, the dative). The most frequent kind is the genitive tatpuruṣa. Examples are:-

★ ''jaya-prepshu'' = "victory-desiring". (accusative)

★ ''varşa-bhogya'' = "year - going to be enjoyed" = "to be enjoyed for a year" (adjective). (accusative)

★ ''deva-datta'' = "god-given" = "given by the gods". (instrumental)

★ ''viṣņu-bali'' = "Vishnu-offering" = "offering to Vishnu". (dative)

★ ''svarga-patita'' = "heaven-fallen" = "fallen from heaven". (ablative)

★ ''tat-puruṣa'' = "that-man" in the sense of "that person's man". (genitive)

★ ''vyāghra-buddhi'' = "tiger-thought" = "thought of it being a tiger". (genitive)

★ ''yajur-veda'' = "sacrifice-knowledge" = "the knowledge of sacrifice", and the name of part of the Vedas. (genitive)

★ ''rudrākṣa'' = ''rudra-akṣa'' = "Rudra-eye" = "the eye of Rudra". (genitive)

★ ''raja-putra'' = "king-son" = "son of a king". (genitive)

★ ''gŗha-jata'' = "house-born" = "born in the house". (locative)

★ ''pūrvāhņa-kŗta'' = "morning-done" = "done in the morning". (locative)
The word "tatpuruşa" is an example of the type: see in the list above.

★ ''caturthī-tatpuruṣa'' = "which is dative and a tatpuruṣa". (nominative), but a nominative tatpuruşa is classed as a karmadhāraya.
Note: in Vedic Sanskrit ''rájaputra'' is a bahuvrihi and means "having a king as a son", and ''rajapútra'' is a tatpuruṣa and means "king's son": notice where the Vedic udātta accent is.

★ Also a name of the front manifestation of a 5-faced Shiva lingam. Represents the peaceful and meditative form, also genderless. Associated with the element of air.

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See also

See also

★ Bahuvrihi

★ Dvigu

★ Amredita