'Temes' (
Hungarian: ''Temes'',
Romanian: ''Timiş'',
Serbian: ''Tamiš'' or ''Тамиш'') is the name of an administrative county (
comitatus) of the historic
Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is presently in south-western
Romania and northern
Serbia (eastern
Vojvodina). The capital of the county was
Timişoara (
Hungarian: Temesvár,
Serbian: Temišvar).
Geography
Temes county was located in the
Banat region. It shared borders with the
Kingdom of Serbia and the Hungarian counties of
Torontál,
Arad and
Krassó-Szörény. The river
Danube formed its southern border, and the river
Mureş (Hungarian: Maros, Serbian: Moriš) its northern border. The river
Timiş flowed through the county. Its area in 1910 was 7,433
km².
History
Temes County was formed in the
11th century. The county was taken by the
Ottoman Empire in the
16th century, and was included into the Ottoman
Province of Temeşvar. After the
Banat was captured by the
Habsburgs in
1718, the area of the county was included into the
Banat of Temeswar, a separate Habsburg province. This province was abolished in
1778, and the area of the county was incorporated into Habsburg
Kingdom of Hungary.
Between
1849 and
1860 the area of the county was part of
Voivodship of Serbia and Tamiš Banat, a separate
Austrian crown land. Temes County was re-established in the
1860s, when the area was incorporated into the
Kingdom of Hungary.
In
1918, the county first became part of the newly formed
Banat Republic, and then was divided between
Romania and the also newly formed
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, which was confirmed by the
Treaty of Trianon of
1920. A majority of the county was assigned to Romania, while the south-western third was assigned to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed to
Yugoslavia in 1929).
The Yugoslav part of the pre-1918 Temes County (the southern
Banat region) is presently part of the
Serbian autonomous region of
Vojvodina. The Romanian part is now part of
Timiş County, except a 10 km wide strip along the
Mureş River, which is in the
Romanian
Arad County.
Demographics
According to the census of 1910, the county had 500,835 inhabitants.
Population by language (1910 census):
★ Romanian = 169,030 (33.75%)
★ German = 165,883 (33.12%)
★ Hungarian = 79,960 (15.97%)
★ Serbian = 69,905 (13.96%)
★ Slovak = 3,080
Subdivisions
In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Temes county were:
The towns of
Vršac,
Bela Crkva, and
Kovin are presently in
Serbia; the other towns mentioned are presently in
Romania.
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