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EspañolTHE CITADEL (MILITARY COLLEGE)
(Redirected from The Citadel (Military College))
'The Citadel', 'The Military College of South Carolina', is a state-supported, comprehensive college located in Charleston, South Carolina. The Citadel has 14 academic departments divided into five schools offering 20 majors and 25 minors. The college is best known for its undergraduate Corps of Cadets military program for men and women, which combines academics, physical challenges and military discipline.[1] In addition to the cadet program, civilian programs are offered through the Citadel's College of Graduate and Professional Studies with its evening undergraduate and graduate programs. The Citadel enrolls almost 2,000 undergraduate cadets in its residential military program and 1,200 civilian students in the evening programs. While both programs make use of the Citadel campus and Citadel professors and participate in athletics, cadets and civilian students do not share classes and only cadets live on campus.[2][3]
On December 20, 1842, the South Carolina Legislature passed an act establishing the South Carolina Military Academy with the original mission to educate young men whose duty was to protect the city of Charleston from the threat of a slave rebellion.[4]
Concern about slave revolts was not unusual in the antebellum South, but Charleston had been gripped with panic in the aftermath of the foiled plot of the 1822 uprising planned by Denmark Vesey.[5]
The first 20 cadets reported to The Academy, then located at Marion Square in downtown Charleston, on March 20, 1843. The name of the college was officially changed in 1910 to "The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina". The word "Academy" had become synonymous with secondary schools, and the public had the misconception that the South Carolina Military Academy was a preparatory school.
When South Carolina seceded from the Union in December 1860, Major Robert Anderson moved his garrison of U.S. troops to Fort Sumter and requested reinforcements from the federal government. On January 9, 1861, SC Academy cadets George Edward Haynsworth and Samuel Bonneau Pickens were present when their unit fired two large cannons from their Morris Island station at the U.S. steamer, the Star of the West, preventing it from reaching Fort Sumter with troops and supplies. This action is considered by Citadel supporters to be the "first shot fired" in the American Civil War.
On January 28, 1861, the Corps of Cadets of The SC Academy was part made of the military organization of the state and named the Battalion of State Cadets. The Academy continued to operate as a military academy, but classes were often disrupted when the governor called the cadets into military service. Mounting and manning heavy guns, performing guard duty, providing security and escorting prisoners were among the services performed by the cadets. They were known as the Battalion of State Cadets and participated in the following engagements from 1861 to 1865. As a resulf of these services, The Citadel is authorized to carry nine Confederate battle streamers:
★ 1. Confederate States Army (larger gray)
★ 2. Star of the West, Jan. 9, 1861
★ 3. Wappoo Cut Nov. 1861
★ 4. James Island June 1862
★ 5. Charleston and Vicinity, July-October, 1863
★ 6. James Island June, 1864
★ 7. Tulifinny December, 1864
★ 8. James Island, December, 1864-February, 1865
★ 9. Williamston May 1865
In early December 1864, Governor Bonham ordered the Battalion of State Cadets to Tulifinny Creek to join a small Confederate force defending the Charleston and Savannah Railroad. On December 7 and 9, the cadets fought Union forces, successfully defending the rail line and forcing Union forces to withdraw. The cadets suffered eight casualties at Tulifinny Creek. The battalion was commended for its display of discipline and gallantry under fire and won the admiration of the troops who fought with them. The flag of the Corps of Cadets includes eight battle streamers, representing these engagements, and one streamer representing the Confederate States Army.
On February 18, 1865, The school ceased operation as a college when Union troops entered Charleston and occupied the site.
Cadets from the Arsenal, The Academy's sister campus, also fired some of the last shots of the Civil War at Williamston on May 1, 1865.
Following the War, the Board of Visitors eventually regained possession of The Citadel campus and the South Carolina Legislature passed an act to reopen the college. The 1882 session began with an enrollment of 185 cadets.
In the war with Spain in 1898, more Citadel alumni volunteered for service than were needed. In World War I, Citadel graduates were among the first contingents of American troops to fight with the English and French divisions. By that time, The Citadel had outgrown its campus on Marion Square, despite numerous building additions. In 1918, the City of Charleston gave the State of South Carolina 176 acres (0.7 km²) on the banks of the Ashley River for a new campus. The college moved to its current location in 1922.
The title of the head of The Citadel was changed from Superintendent to President in 1921, when The Citadel moved to its present location. Oliver Bond was the last Superintendent and the first President of The Citadel.
Citadel graduates have performed military service for their country in major conflicts. These include World Wars I and II, Korea, Vietnam, Operation Desert Storm, Operation Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan), and Operation Iraqi Freedom.
The entire class of 1944 was inducted into the U.S. armed forces during World War II and only two members graduated. This may be one of the only instances where an entire class of students was inducted into military service at once.[6]
In 2007, The Citadel was listed among the "Best Values in the South" and was ranked third out of the 24 public universities in the Southern region of the United States that offer up to a master’s degree by U.S. News & World Report.[7]
Newsweek magazine also included The Citadel in its 2006 list of “America's 25 Hot Schools” as the “Hottest Military School”.[8]
Engineering students are among the most highly-recruited students from The Citadel and its School of Engineering is ranked 32nd among all undergraduate engineering programs in the United States.[9]
Kiplinger's magazine, in its ranking of the "Best Values in Public Colleges" for 2006, made mention of The Citadel as a "great value" although the military nature of its program excluded it from consideration as a "traditional" four-year college in its rankings.[10]
The Citadel ranks first nationally among its peers for the percentage of students who graduate on time and Citadel cadets are twice as likely as their peers in other colleges to graduate in four years, ranking first nationally among its peers in the percentage of students who graduate on time. The Citadel's top ranking comes from a comparison of all public colleges whose entering students have average SAT scores between 1000 and 1200. The Citadel's four-year graduation rate is 59.7 percent and its six-year rate is 71.9 percent.[11]
Undergraduate Cadets at The Citadel are members of the South Carolina Corps of Cadets. Cadets must meet physical fitness and SAT/ACT testing standards for acceptance into the Corps of Cadets. On most days, cadets have both morning and afternoon physical (fitness) training, called "PT", military instruction on leadership, weapons, drill & discipline, in addition to their regular college classes. Most days start with a formal muster and inspection of all personnel and rooms, then marched to structured military meals, classes, and end with an evening muster formation and required evening study period. Because The Citadel emphasizes corps unity and discipline, cadets cannot be married and all must live on campus in the barracks with their assigned company. The Citadel emphasizes an extremely strict disciplinary and physical fitness indoctrination for first-year cadets, who are called knobs, after all hair is shaved on the first day of school.
Cadets can be restricted to the campus by serving confinements or tours. A tour is one hour walking in the barracks with a rifle at right shoulder arms and can only be done when a cadet would usually be permitted to leave campus. A confinement is one hour spent in a cadet's room when he/she would usually be permitted to leave campus. This sets the college apart from other civilian colleges, as it is one of the few places which maintains a presence in cadets' lives after hours and over weekends.
Included in the College of Graduate and Professional Studies student body are a number of active duty[1] Marine and Navy enlisted personnel attending The Citadel under the Seaman To Admiral program (STA-21)[2] and the Marine Enlisted Commissioning Education Program (MECEP.[3]
A member of the Southern Conference, The Citadel is a NCAA Division I school. The college's mascot is the Bulldog. Those cadets who participate in NCAA fall athletics (football, cross country, women's soccer and volleyball) are required to report a month earlier prior to their freshman year for "athletic cadre," so that they can participate in their sport practices when normal cadre starts. During the athletic cadre, the military athletes are initiated into the Corps while completing first-week experiences, such as "Hell Week". Many civilian students also participate in the athletic program.
The Citadel Bulldogs baseball team has won seven regular season Southern Conference championships. The 1990 Citadel baseball team won the Atlantic Regional, earning the school its first trip to the College World Series and finishing the season ranked sixth in the final Collegiate Baseball poll with a record of 46-14.
Charles Foster became the first African-American cadet to graduate from the Citadel in 1970.
The Corps of Cadets at The Citadel was all-male until August 1996, although women had attended civilian graduate and undergraduate evening programs at the school for many years.
On January 20, 1994, Shannon Faulkner became the first female student to enroll in day classes at The Citadel. After additional legal battles, Faulkner won the right to enroll in the residential Corps of Cadets program. She joined an otherwise all-male class on August 15, 1995. However, she spent the majority of the first week in the medical infirmary (to which she was assigned for housing, rather than being quartered with the male cadets) before voluntarily resigning, citing emotional and psychological abuse and physical exhaustion. After her departure, the male cadets openly celebrated on the campus.[12]
In the fall of 1996, four more women enrolled at the Citadel. While two dropped out after four months citing harassment, Nancy Mace, whose father was the Commandant of Cadets at the time, became the first female cadet to graduate from The Citadel on May 8, 1999. She graduated in three years. The first international female cadet was Petra Lovetinska who graduated May 2000. The first African-American women graduated on May 11, 2002. The Citadel, like the United States military, has adopted gender norming for physical fitness tests.
The Citadel sits on a 300 acre (1.2 km²) tract of land on the Ashley River. There are 27 buildings grouped around a ten acre grass parade ground. The buildings around the parade ground include ten classroom buildings, an administrative building, four barracks, a student activities building, infirmary, chapel, stadium, a yacht club, a marksmanship center, a field house, and library. Just off the main campus are the football stadium, baseball stadium, and alumni center. Additionally, there is a beach house facility located on the north end of the Isle of Palms near the Wild Dunes facility.
The Citadel’s evening college serves the Lowcountry by offering regionally and professionally accredited bachelors, masters and specialist degrees scheduled around the student’s profession, family and lifestyle. CGPS offers 19 graduate programs with concentrations in education, psychology, computer science and business. The Masters of Business Administration program is the only nationally accredited MBA program in the Low Country region of South Carolina. Enrollment is up 12 percent from fall semester 2000. CGPS also offers undergraduate evening programs in business and engineering. The Citadel is also the only college in South Carolina that offers an undergraduate civil and electrical engineering degree in an evening program.
In its Vision Statement, the Citadel Board of Visitors identifies the following as the school's "core values:"
thumb|right| Padget Thomas Barracks at The Citadel
Since its founding, male cadets at the Citadel have not had locks on their barracks doors. The tradition had evolved in keeping with the spareness of military life and with the school's honor code, which mandates that cadets do not steal. Since 1997, female cadets have been able to lock their doors from the inside. However, all cadets will get keys to lock their doors from the outside by Fall 2007. While the policy change had been made prior to the Virginia Tech shootings, that incident offered additional support for the decision.
(Ret.) Air Force Lt. Gen. John W. Rosa [13]
Eligibility is not restricted to South Carolina residents (although it is more difficult to gain an appointment for non-residents). The Citadel has graduated students from across the U.S. and from many other countries. South Carolina residents do receive a discount in tuition, as is common at most state-sponsored schools. Total first year expenses (tuition, fees, uniforms, housing, meals, etc.) for the 2006-2007 school year will be $18,458 for South Carolina residents and $28,777 for all others.[14]
All cadets are required to undergo four years of ROTC training in one of the four branches of the armed services, but they are not required to enter military service after graduation. Civilian students may opt to attend. Currently, just over 40 percent of graduates go into military service and less than ten percent make the military a career. The others go on to graduate, law, or medical school programs or enter the civilian workforce. Over the years, 126 Citadel alumni have reached the top ranks in the military by becoming flag officers (generals, rear admirals or commodores) [4]. Alumni of the Citadel have served their country in all wars involving the United States. Citadel alumni have been killed in action during the Civil War (67), World War I (15), World War II (280), Korean War (32), Vietnam War (68), Lebanon (1), Grenada (1), the Gulf War (1), and the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan (12). [5] [6]
'The Citadel Summer Camp', a summer camp for boys and girls ages 10 to 15, was held at The Citadel every summer from 1957 until 2006. Founded by General Mark Wayne Clark, its purpose was to develop and strengthen the physical, mental, ethical, spiritual, patriotic and social characteristics of campers.[15] The Citadel Summer Camp ceased operation in 2006 due to financial issues and competition for the Citadel barracks during the summer months.
Selected members of Air Force JROTC units from the Southeaster United States cadets are eligible to spend a week at the Citadel for officer training for their home JROTC units. A routine day attending Cadet Officer Leadership School (COLS) begins with waking up to Reveille for morning PT. This includes aerobic stretches, push ups, sit ups, and then a mile run. The remainder of the day is uniform wear and inspection, two classes and constant regulation drill. On the day of graduation from the school, cadets participate in a "pass and review" ceremony where ribbons are given to certain cadets who have gone above the normal standards.
★ Johnson Hagood, 1847. Brig Gen, CSA
★ Micah Jenkins, 1854. Brig Gen, CSA
★ Evander M. Law, 1856. Maj Gen, CSA
★ Pinckney Downie Bowles, 1856. Brig Gen, CSA
★ Ellison Capers, 1857. Brig Gen, CSA
★ General William C. Westmoreland (class of 1935), USA (left the Citadel and graduated from West Point in 1936). Maintained lifelong membership in the Citadel Alumni Association.
★ General William W. Hartzog, 1963. USA, former Commanding General, Army Training & Doctrine Command
★ General William O. Brice, 1921. USMC Former Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific, and Director of Marine Aviation, Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps for Air and Assistant Chief of Naval Operations for Marine Aviation. He had been advanced to the rank of general upon retirement by reason of having been specially commended in combat
★ General Edwin A. Pollock, 1921. USMC - Former Commander of the Pacific and Atlantic Fleet Marine Forces. He had been advanced to the rank of general upon retirement by reason of having been specially commended in combat
★ Vice Admiral Bernard L. Austin, 1922. USA, Ret. - Director of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1956, Commander of the Second Fleet with additional duty as Commander Strike Fleet Atlantic, Deputy Chief of Naval Ops, 1959,and President of the Naval War College, 1960.
★ Lt. Gen. Welborn G. Dolvin, USA (1937, deceased) - A Corps Commander in Vietnam, he earning a DSC, four Silver Stars, and three Purple hearts, among numerous other combat decorations.
★ Lt. Gen. George M. Seignious II, 1942. USA, Ret. - Former Deputy Asst. Secretary of Defense; Director, Joint Staff, Organization of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; Delegate-at-large to the SALT talks; Former President, Atlantic Council of the United States; Former Commandant of the Berlin American Zone
★ Lt. Gen. Herbert Beckington (1943), USMC, Was Military Aide to the VP of U.S., Hubert Humphrey in 1962. Retired in 1975 as Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and OPs.
★ Lt. Gen. Claudius E. Watts III (1958), USAF, Ret. - Fullbright Scholar; Former Comptroller of the USAF; retired President of The Citadel; Managing Director and Head of the Technology Buyout Group at The Carlyle Group
★ Lt. Gen. Jack B. Farris (1958), USA, Commanded U.S. forces in Grenada, 1984. Deputy Commander-in-Chief/Chief of Staff, U.S. Pacific Command.
★ Lt. Gen. Ellie B. Shuler Jr. (1959), USAF, Commander, 8th Air Force. General Shuler served as both a B-52 bomber pilot and an F-4C fighter pilot flying a combat tour at Cam Ranh Bay in Vietnam with the 12th Tactical Fighter Wing.
★ Lt. Gen. Frank B. Campbell (1966), USAF, Commander, 12th Air Force and Commander, U.S. Southern Command, 1996-97. Director for force structure, Pentagon. Reported to CJCS, 1997-2001. Also Commandant of United States Air Force Fighter Weapons School, 1988, Commander of Red Flag, 1989, Commander of 49th TFW, 1991. Flew F-100's and F-4's in Vietnam.
★ Lt. Gen. Frank. B. Libutti (1966), USSM, Commander, Marine Forces Korea, 1996. Commander, Marine Forces/Pacific, Commander Fleet Marines/Pacific, Commander all Marine bases/Pacific, 1999-2001. 1st NYPD Deputy Commissioner for counter-terrorism, 2001. Special Assistant, Homeland Security, 2002.
★ Lt. Gen. John B. Sams (1967), USAF, Commander of 15th Air Force. Pilot with over 5000 hours and tour in Vietnam.
★ Lt. Gen. William M. Steele (1967), USA, Commanding General, U.S. Army Pacific. Also commanded the elite 82nd Airborne 1993-95, and was Commandant of the Army Command and Staff coll.
★ Lt. Gen. Gary L. Parks (1969), USMC,Former Deputy Commander of the United States Marine Corps for Training. Served in Vietnam
★ Lt. Gen. Colby Broadwater (1972), USA, Chief of Staff, European Command, 2004-2006. Commanding General, US 1st Army, 2001
★ Lt. Gen. John F. Kimmons (1974), USA, Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence; Commander US Army Intelligence & Security Command; J2 U.S. Central Command during Operation Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan) and Operation Iraqi Freedom
★ Lt. Gen. John W. Rosa, Jr. (1973), USAF, Current President of the Citadel and former Superintendent of the United States Air Force Academy
★ Lt. Gen. James T. Moore, USMC (1916, deceased) - Marine Corps Aviation General during World War II, famous as Pappy Boyington's Boss in the South Pacific Air War
★ Maj. Gen. Lewis G. Merritt, USMC (1917, deceased) - Pioneer in Marine Corps aviation; honored with the renaming of the Marine Corps Air Station in Beaufort, SC, in his memory
★ Maj. Gen. Glenn K. Rieth(1980), Adjutant General of the New Jersey National Guard.
★ Brig Gen John T. Kennedy (class of 1907), USA (left the Citadel and graduated from West Point). He was awarded the Medal of Honor in 1909, in the Philippines Campaign. Maintained lifelong membership in the Citadel Alumni Association.
★ Brig Gen Michael (Mike) Bozeman, 1967. USAR; Track Coach (1985-present), Interim Director of Athletics (1998), and Commandant (temporary) (1995-1996) at the Virginia Military Institute.[16]
★ Major Thomas D. Howie (1929, deceased), USA - World War II hero; “The Major of St. Lo”; leader of the battalion that captured St. Lo (where he was killed)
★ Maj Samuel R. Bird, (1961) USA - Officer in Charge of President Kennedy's Funneral Honor Guard and the subject of a May 1989 Reader's Digest feature on leadership and strength of character.
★ Charles E. Daniel, 1918 and R. Hugh Daniel, 1929. Co-founders of Daniel International Construction Corporation. (at one time the largest construction company in the world); major Citadel benefactors for whom Daniel Library is named.
★ Dr. Harvey W. Schiller (1960) - Pres./CEO, Assante, US, New York, NY; President, Turner Sports Inc., Turner Broadcasting, Atlanta, GA; Executive Director, United States Olympic Committee
★ Paul L. Maguire (1960) - ESPN sports analyst; former professional football player (one of only 12 players to play from the inception of the American Football League until its merger with the NFL); member of The Citadel Athletic Hall of Fame
★ W. Calvin (Cal) McCombs (1967) - Former head football coach, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA; member of The Citadel Athletic Hall of Fame
★ Chip Cannon - professional baseball player. 1st Base, Toronto Blue Jays.
★ John K. Small, Sr. (1970) - Former professional football player; linebacker for the Atlanta Falcons & the Detroit Lions; member of The Citadel Athletic Hall of Fame
★ L. Ellis Johnson (1975) - Former head football coach, The Citadel
★ Richard A. Johnson (1976) - Director of Athletics, Wofford College
★ William Timothy Jones - Former Major League Baseball infielder for the St. Louis Cardinals.
★ L. Frederick Jordan (1979) - Head baseball coach, The Citadel
★ Lyvonia A. "Stump" Mitchell (1981) - Assistant football coach, Seattle Seahawks; former running back for the St. Louis & Phoenix Cardinals; former head football coach, Morgan State University; had his Citadel jersey #35 retired; member of The Citadel Athletic Hall of Fame
★ Jeffrey C. Barkley (1982) - Former baseball pitcher for the Cleveland Indians; 2002 inductee of The Citadel Athletic Hall of Fame
★ Gregory B. Davis (1987) - Former professional football player/place kicker for the Oakland Raiders; also played for the Atlanta Falcons; member of The Citadel Athletic Hall of Fame
★ Gettys M. Glaze (1992) - Former baseball pitcher, Boston Red Sox organization; former Southern Conference Male Athlete of the Year; member of The Citadel Athletic Hall of Fame
★ Lester J. Smith, Jr. (1992) - Safety for Montreal Alouettes, Canadian Football League; had his Citadel jersey #15 retired; member of The Citadel Athletic Hall of Fame
★ Dallas McPherson - Professional baseball player. 3rd Base, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.
★ Nehemiah Broughton (2005) - Professional football player. FB, Washington Redskins.
★ Johnson Hagood, 1847. Governor of South Carolina and CSA Brig Gen.
★ Joseph Haynesworth Earle, 1866. United States Senator from South Carolina.
★ Hugh S. Thompson, 1856. Governor of South Carolina.
★ Sammuel M. Griffin, 1929. Governor of Georgia.
★ Ernest Hollings, 1942. Governor and United States Senator from South Carolina.
★ John C. West, 1942. Governor of South Carolina and Ambassador to Saudi Arabia.
★ George W. Dargan, 1865. U.S. Congressman from the Sixth Congressional District of South Carolina (attended Citadel 1863-65)
★ George W. Croft, 1865. U.S. Congressman from the Second Congressional District of South Carolina (attended Citadel 1863-65)
★ George Johnstone, 1865. U.S. Congressman from the Third Congressional District of South Carolina (attended Citadel 1863-65)
★ Edward C. Mann, 1901. U.S. Congressman from the Eighth Congressional District of South Carolina
★ Gabriel H. Mahon, 1911. U.S. Congressman from the fourth congressional district of South Carolina (attended Citadel but did not graduate)
★ Maurice G. Burnside, 1924. U.S. Congressman from West Virginia (attended Citadel 1920-22)
★ John Paul Hammerschmidt, 1943. U.S. Congressman from Arkansas (attended Citadel 1938-39)
★ Harlan Erwin Mitchell, 1943. U.S. Congressman from seventh district of Georgia
★ James Robert Mann, 1941. U.S. Congressman from the fourth Congressional District of South Carolina
★ Tim Valentine, 1948. U.S. Congressman from the Second Congressional District of North Carolina
★ Steve Buyer, 1980. U.S. Congressman from the Fourth Congressional District of Indiana
★ J. Gresham Barrett, 1983. U.S. Congressman from the third Congressional District of Sout Carolina
★ William B. Harvey, Jr., 1951. Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina.
★ Robert Poydasheff, 1954. Mayor of Columbus, Georgia.
★ Charles P. Darby, Jr., 1955. Chairman, Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
★ Arland D. Williams, Jr., 1957. Died heroically following the Air Florida aircraft crash into the 14th Street Bridge and Potomac River in Washington, DC, in January 1982. Before he sank to his death in the icy water, he saved the lives of five others by passing to them the lifeline lowered for him by a rescue helicopter.
★ Charles B. Hammond, 1958. President of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; former chair of Ob-Gyn at Duke University Medical School.
★ Langhorne A. "Tony" Motley, 1960. Ambassador and Chief of Mission to Brazil from 1981 to 1983 and Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs from 1983 to 1985.
★ D. Patrick Conroy, 1967. Author whose works include ''The Great Santini'', ''The Water Is Wide'', ''The Lords of Discipline'', ''The Prince of Tides'' and ''Beach Music''.
★ G. Richard Chamberlin, 1968. Georgia House of Representatives (1978-1983).
★ James O. Rigney, Jr., 1974. Author (writing with pen names of Robert Jordan, Reagan O’Reilly, et al.) whose works include ''The Wheel of Time'' series, ''The Fallon Blood'' and several ''Conan the Barbarian'' novels.
★ Christopher U. Cates, 1978. Nationally renowned Cardiologist, Atlanta, GA.
★ Lu Parker, 1994. Miss USA, 1994. Was not a member of the Corps of Cadets, instead earned her masters degree through the College of Graduate and Professional Studies.
★ Pat Conroy's 1980 novel ''The Lords of Discipline'' was based on Conroy's experience as a cadet at The Citadel during the 1960s. This book highlights the type hazing experienced by knobs at The Citadel. It also includes a fictitious account of the first African American cadet at The Citadel and the Class struggle that ensued to both keep and reject the cadet. ''The Lords of Discipline'' was made into a movie starring David Keith and Robert Prosky in 1983.
★ ''Sword Drill'', a novel by David Epps (Citadel Class of 1980), presents a fictional version of the Citadel’s Junior Sword Drill program.[7]
★ The Citadel was also used as the location for shooting the Columbo episode 'By Dawn's Early Light', guest starring Patrick McGoohan.
★ Major Ben Marco, Denzel Washington's character in the movie The Manchurian Candidate, was a graduate of the Citadel.
★ The Citadel Regimental Pipe Band is the only all-student college pipe band in the country. The pipe band was started by General Mark Clark in 1955.
1. Quick Facts from the Citadel web site
2. CPGS Overview from the Citadel web site
3. http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college/directory/brief/drmiss_3423_brief.php]
4. Press Release by The Citadel's Office of Public Affairs, May 2001
5. "Denmark Vesey", Knob Knowledge, Daniel Library, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina.
6. Classes that did not graduate
7. America's Best Colleges 2007, U.S. News & World Report web site
8. America's 25 Hot Schools, Newsweek, 2006
9. Citadel Press Release
10. Lankford, Kimberly (2006). Best Values in Public Colleges. ''Kiplinger's''.
11. Citadel Press Release
12. Harvard Law
13. http://www.cnn.com/2007/EDUCATION/04/23/citadel.security.ap/index.html
14. Citadel press release (10 June 2006).
15. The Citadel Summer Camp
16. Biography of Mike Bozeman from VMI web site
'The Citadel', 'The Military College of South Carolina', is a state-supported, comprehensive college located in Charleston, South Carolina. The Citadel has 14 academic departments divided into five schools offering 20 majors and 25 minors. The college is best known for its undergraduate Corps of Cadets military program for men and women, which combines academics, physical challenges and military discipline.[1] In addition to the cadet program, civilian programs are offered through the Citadel's College of Graduate and Professional Studies with its evening undergraduate and graduate programs. The Citadel enrolls almost 2,000 undergraduate cadets in its residential military program and 1,200 civilian students in the evening programs. While both programs make use of the Citadel campus and Citadel professors and participate in athletics, cadets and civilian students do not share classes and only cadets live on campus.[2][3]
History
Original Citadel Campus on Marion Square
On December 20, 1842, the South Carolina Legislature passed an act establishing the South Carolina Military Academy with the original mission to educate young men whose duty was to protect the city of Charleston from the threat of a slave rebellion.[4]
Concern about slave revolts was not unusual in the antebellum South, but Charleston had been gripped with panic in the aftermath of the foiled plot of the 1822 uprising planned by Denmark Vesey.[5]
The first 20 cadets reported to The Academy, then located at Marion Square in downtown Charleston, on March 20, 1843. The name of the college was officially changed in 1910 to "The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina". The word "Academy" had become synonymous with secondary schools, and the public had the misconception that the South Carolina Military Academy was a preparatory school.
When South Carolina seceded from the Union in December 1860, Major Robert Anderson moved his garrison of U.S. troops to Fort Sumter and requested reinforcements from the federal government. On January 9, 1861, SC Academy cadets George Edward Haynsworth and Samuel Bonneau Pickens were present when their unit fired two large cannons from their Morris Island station at the U.S. steamer, the Star of the West, preventing it from reaching Fort Sumter with troops and supplies. This action is considered by Citadel supporters to be the "first shot fired" in the American Civil War.
On January 28, 1861, the Corps of Cadets of The SC Academy was part made of the military organization of the state and named the Battalion of State Cadets. The Academy continued to operate as a military academy, but classes were often disrupted when the governor called the cadets into military service. Mounting and manning heavy guns, performing guard duty, providing security and escorting prisoners were among the services performed by the cadets. They were known as the Battalion of State Cadets and participated in the following engagements from 1861 to 1865. As a resulf of these services, The Citadel is authorized to carry nine Confederate battle streamers:
★ 1. Confederate States Army (larger gray)
★ 2. Star of the West, Jan. 9, 1861
★ 3. Wappoo Cut Nov. 1861
★ 4. James Island June 1862
★ 5. Charleston and Vicinity, July-October, 1863
★ 6. James Island June, 1864
★ 7. Tulifinny December, 1864
★ 8. James Island, December, 1864-February, 1865
★ 9. Williamston May 1865
In early December 1864, Governor Bonham ordered the Battalion of State Cadets to Tulifinny Creek to join a small Confederate force defending the Charleston and Savannah Railroad. On December 7 and 9, the cadets fought Union forces, successfully defending the rail line and forcing Union forces to withdraw. The cadets suffered eight casualties at Tulifinny Creek. The battalion was commended for its display of discipline and gallantry under fire and won the admiration of the troops who fought with them. The flag of the Corps of Cadets includes eight battle streamers, representing these engagements, and one streamer representing the Confederate States Army.
On February 18, 1865, The school ceased operation as a college when Union troops entered Charleston and occupied the site.
Cadets from the Arsenal, The Academy's sister campus, also fired some of the last shots of the Civil War at Williamston on May 1, 1865.
Following the War, the Board of Visitors eventually regained possession of The Citadel campus and the South Carolina Legislature passed an act to reopen the college. The 1882 session began with an enrollment of 185 cadets.
In the war with Spain in 1898, more Citadel alumni volunteered for service than were needed. In World War I, Citadel graduates were among the first contingents of American troops to fight with the English and French divisions. By that time, The Citadel had outgrown its campus on Marion Square, despite numerous building additions. In 1918, the City of Charleston gave the State of South Carolina 176 acres (0.7 km²) on the banks of the Ashley River for a new campus. The college moved to its current location in 1922.
The title of the head of The Citadel was changed from Superintendent to President in 1921, when The Citadel moved to its present location. Oliver Bond was the last Superintendent and the first President of The Citadel.
Citadel graduates have performed military service for their country in major conflicts. These include World Wars I and II, Korea, Vietnam, Operation Desert Storm, Operation Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan), and Operation Iraqi Freedom.
The entire class of 1944 was inducted into the U.S. armed forces during World War II and only two members graduated. This may be one of the only instances where an entire class of students was inducted into military service at once.[6]
Citadel Cadet Flag flown during Civil War to current day
Rankings
In 2007, The Citadel was listed among the "Best Values in the South" and was ranked third out of the 24 public universities in the Southern region of the United States that offer up to a master’s degree by U.S. News & World Report.[7]
Newsweek magazine also included The Citadel in its 2006 list of “America's 25 Hot Schools” as the “Hottest Military School”.[8]
Engineering students are among the most highly-recruited students from The Citadel and its School of Engineering is ranked 32nd among all undergraduate engineering programs in the United States.[9]
Kiplinger's magazine, in its ranking of the "Best Values in Public Colleges" for 2006, made mention of The Citadel as a "great value" although the military nature of its program excluded it from consideration as a "traditional" four-year college in its rankings.[10]
The Citadel ranks first nationally among its peers for the percentage of students who graduate on time and Citadel cadets are twice as likely as their peers in other colleges to graduate in four years, ranking first nationally among its peers in the percentage of students who graduate on time. The Citadel's top ranking comes from a comparison of all public colleges whose entering students have average SAT scores between 1000 and 1200. The Citadel's four-year graduation rate is 59.7 percent and its six-year rate is 71.9 percent.[11]
Student life
Undergraduate Cadets at The Citadel are members of the South Carolina Corps of Cadets. Cadets must meet physical fitness and SAT/ACT testing standards for acceptance into the Corps of Cadets. On most days, cadets have both morning and afternoon physical (fitness) training, called "PT", military instruction on leadership, weapons, drill & discipline, in addition to their regular college classes. Most days start with a formal muster and inspection of all personnel and rooms, then marched to structured military meals, classes, and end with an evening muster formation and required evening study period. Because The Citadel emphasizes corps unity and discipline, cadets cannot be married and all must live on campus in the barracks with their assigned company. The Citadel emphasizes an extremely strict disciplinary and physical fitness indoctrination for first-year cadets, who are called knobs, after all hair is shaved on the first day of school.
Cadets can be restricted to the campus by serving confinements or tours. A tour is one hour walking in the barracks with a rifle at right shoulder arms and can only be done when a cadet would usually be permitted to leave campus. A confinement is one hour spent in a cadet's room when he/she would usually be permitted to leave campus. This sets the college apart from other civilian colleges, as it is one of the few places which maintains a presence in cadets' lives after hours and over weekends.
Included in the College of Graduate and Professional Studies student body are a number of active duty[1] Marine and Navy enlisted personnel attending The Citadel under the Seaman To Admiral program (STA-21)[2] and the Marine Enlisted Commissioning Education Program (MECEP.[3]
Athletics
A member of the Southern Conference, The Citadel is a NCAA Division I school. The college's mascot is the Bulldog. Those cadets who participate in NCAA fall athletics (football, cross country, women's soccer and volleyball) are required to report a month earlier prior to their freshman year for "athletic cadre," so that they can participate in their sport practices when normal cadre starts. During the athletic cadre, the military athletes are initiated into the Corps while completing first-week experiences, such as "Hell Week". Many civilian students also participate in the athletic program.
The Citadel Bulldogs baseball team has won seven regular season Southern Conference championships. The 1990 Citadel baseball team won the Atlantic Regional, earning the school its first trip to the College World Series and finishing the season ranked sixth in the final Collegiate Baseball poll with a record of 46-14.
Minority and female students
Admission of minorities
Charles Foster became the first African-American cadet to graduate from the Citadel in 1970.
Admission of women
The Corps of Cadets at The Citadel was all-male until August 1996, although women had attended civilian graduate and undergraduate evening programs at the school for many years.
On January 20, 1994, Shannon Faulkner became the first female student to enroll in day classes at The Citadel. After additional legal battles, Faulkner won the right to enroll in the residential Corps of Cadets program. She joined an otherwise all-male class on August 15, 1995. However, she spent the majority of the first week in the medical infirmary (to which she was assigned for housing, rather than being quartered with the male cadets) before voluntarily resigning, citing emotional and psychological abuse and physical exhaustion. After her departure, the male cadets openly celebrated on the campus.[12]
In the fall of 1996, four more women enrolled at the Citadel. While two dropped out after four months citing harassment, Nancy Mace, whose father was the Commandant of Cadets at the time, became the first female cadet to graduate from The Citadel on May 8, 1999. She graduated in three years. The first international female cadet was Petra Lovetinska who graduated May 2000. The first African-American women graduated on May 11, 2002. The Citadel, like the United States military, has adopted gender norming for physical fitness tests.
Campus
The Citadel sits on a 300 acre (1.2 km²) tract of land on the Ashley River. There are 27 buildings grouped around a ten acre grass parade ground. The buildings around the parade ground include ten classroom buildings, an administrative building, four barracks, a student activities building, infirmary, chapel, stadium, a yacht club, a marksmanship center, a field house, and library. Just off the main campus are the football stadium, baseball stadium, and alumni center. Additionally, there is a beach house facility located on the north end of the Isle of Palms near the Wild Dunes facility.
College of Graduate and Professional Studies
The Citadel’s evening college serves the Lowcountry by offering regionally and professionally accredited bachelors, masters and specialist degrees scheduled around the student’s profession, family and lifestyle. CGPS offers 19 graduate programs with concentrations in education, psychology, computer science and business. The Masters of Business Administration program is the only nationally accredited MBA program in the Low Country region of South Carolina. Enrollment is up 12 percent from fall semester 2000. CGPS also offers undergraduate evening programs in business and engineering. The Citadel is also the only college in South Carolina that offers an undergraduate civil and electrical engineering degree in an evening program.
Core Values
In its Vision Statement, the Citadel Board of Visitors identifies the following as the school's "core values:"
'Academics': We produce graduates who have insight into the issues, ideas and values that are important to society and possess the skills necessary to deal with them successfully.
'Duty': We emphasize the importance of individual accountability and the moral obligation of responsibility for the welfare of others.
'Honor': We adhere to a code which teaches that uncompromising personal integrity is the primary guide in all situations. "A cadet does not lie, cheat, or steal, nor tolerate those that do."
'Morality': We believe that an individual's character is of utmost importance and, therefore, we provide training which emphasizes ethical principles and core values.
'Discipline': We operate a leadership laboratory which emphasizes a structured environment, acceptance of responsibility, self-confidence and service to others.
'Diversity': We promote diversity in all segments of our campus community and college life.
thumb|right| Padget Thomas Barracks at The Citadel
No lock tradition
Since its founding, male cadets at the Citadel have not had locks on their barracks doors. The tradition had evolved in keeping with the spareness of military life and with the school's honor code, which mandates that cadets do not steal. Since 1997, female cadets have been able to lock their doors from the inside. However, all cadets will get keys to lock their doors from the outside by Fall 2007. While the policy change had been made prior to the Virginia Tech shootings, that incident offered additional support for the decision.
(Ret.) Air Force Lt. Gen. John W. Rosa [13]
Enrollment
Eligibility is not restricted to South Carolina residents (although it is more difficult to gain an appointment for non-residents). The Citadel has graduated students from across the U.S. and from many other countries. South Carolina residents do receive a discount in tuition, as is common at most state-sponsored schools. Total first year expenses (tuition, fees, uniforms, housing, meals, etc.) for the 2006-2007 school year will be $18,458 for South Carolina residents and $28,777 for all others.[14]
Military service
All cadets are required to undergo four years of ROTC training in one of the four branches of the armed services, but they are not required to enter military service after graduation. Civilian students may opt to attend. Currently, just over 40 percent of graduates go into military service and less than ten percent make the military a career. The others go on to graduate, law, or medical school programs or enter the civilian workforce. Over the years, 126 Citadel alumni have reached the top ranks in the military by becoming flag officers (generals, rear admirals or commodores) [4]. Alumni of the Citadel have served their country in all wars involving the United States. Citadel alumni have been killed in action during the Civil War (67), World War I (15), World War II (280), Korean War (32), Vietnam War (68), Lebanon (1), Grenada (1), the Gulf War (1), and the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan (12). [5] [6]
Citadel Cadets during parade
Summer camp
'The Citadel Summer Camp', a summer camp for boys and girls ages 10 to 15, was held at The Citadel every summer from 1957 until 2006. Founded by General Mark Wayne Clark, its purpose was to develop and strengthen the physical, mental, ethical, spiritual, patriotic and social characteristics of campers.[15] The Citadel Summer Camp ceased operation in 2006 due to financial issues and competition for the Citadel barracks during the summer months.
Cadet Officer Leadership School
Selected members of Air Force JROTC units from the Southeaster United States cadets are eligible to spend a week at the Citadel for officer training for their home JROTC units. A routine day attending Cadet Officer Leadership School (COLS) begins with waking up to Reveille for morning PT. This includes aerobic stretches, push ups, sit ups, and then a mile run. The remainder of the day is uniform wear and inspection, two classes and constant regulation drill. On the day of graduation from the school, cadets participate in a "pass and review" ceremony where ribbons are given to certain cadets who have gone above the normal standards.
Notable graduates
Military
★ Johnson Hagood, 1847. Brig Gen, CSA
★ Micah Jenkins, 1854. Brig Gen, CSA
★ Evander M. Law, 1856. Maj Gen, CSA
★ Pinckney Downie Bowles, 1856. Brig Gen, CSA
★ Ellison Capers, 1857. Brig Gen, CSA
★ General William C. Westmoreland (class of 1935), USA (left the Citadel and graduated from West Point in 1936). Maintained lifelong membership in the Citadel Alumni Association.
★ General William W. Hartzog, 1963. USA, former Commanding General, Army Training & Doctrine Command
★ General William O. Brice, 1921. USMC Former Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific, and Director of Marine Aviation, Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps for Air and Assistant Chief of Naval Operations for Marine Aviation. He had been advanced to the rank of general upon retirement by reason of having been specially commended in combat
★ General Edwin A. Pollock, 1921. USMC - Former Commander of the Pacific and Atlantic Fleet Marine Forces. He had been advanced to the rank of general upon retirement by reason of having been specially commended in combat
★ Vice Admiral Bernard L. Austin, 1922. USA, Ret. - Director of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1956, Commander of the Second Fleet with additional duty as Commander Strike Fleet Atlantic, Deputy Chief of Naval Ops, 1959,and President of the Naval War College, 1960.
★ Lt. Gen. Welborn G. Dolvin, USA (1937, deceased) - A Corps Commander in Vietnam, he earning a DSC, four Silver Stars, and three Purple hearts, among numerous other combat decorations.
★ Lt. Gen. George M. Seignious II, 1942. USA, Ret. - Former Deputy Asst. Secretary of Defense; Director, Joint Staff, Organization of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; Delegate-at-large to the SALT talks; Former President, Atlantic Council of the United States; Former Commandant of the Berlin American Zone
★ Lt. Gen. Herbert Beckington (1943), USMC, Was Military Aide to the VP of U.S., Hubert Humphrey in 1962. Retired in 1975 as Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and OPs.
★ Lt. Gen. Claudius E. Watts III (1958), USAF, Ret. - Fullbright Scholar; Former Comptroller of the USAF; retired President of The Citadel; Managing Director and Head of the Technology Buyout Group at The Carlyle Group
★ Lt. Gen. Jack B. Farris (1958), USA, Commanded U.S. forces in Grenada, 1984. Deputy Commander-in-Chief/Chief of Staff, U.S. Pacific Command.
★ Lt. Gen. Ellie B. Shuler Jr. (1959), USAF, Commander, 8th Air Force. General Shuler served as both a B-52 bomber pilot and an F-4C fighter pilot flying a combat tour at Cam Ranh Bay in Vietnam with the 12th Tactical Fighter Wing.
★ Lt. Gen. Frank B. Campbell (1966), USAF, Commander, 12th Air Force and Commander, U.S. Southern Command, 1996-97. Director for force structure, Pentagon. Reported to CJCS, 1997-2001. Also Commandant of United States Air Force Fighter Weapons School, 1988, Commander of Red Flag, 1989, Commander of 49th TFW, 1991. Flew F-100's and F-4's in Vietnam.
★ Lt. Gen. Frank. B. Libutti (1966), USSM, Commander, Marine Forces Korea, 1996. Commander, Marine Forces/Pacific, Commander Fleet Marines/Pacific, Commander all Marine bases/Pacific, 1999-2001. 1st NYPD Deputy Commissioner for counter-terrorism, 2001. Special Assistant, Homeland Security, 2002.
★ Lt. Gen. John B. Sams (1967), USAF, Commander of 15th Air Force. Pilot with over 5000 hours and tour in Vietnam.
★ Lt. Gen. William M. Steele (1967), USA, Commanding General, U.S. Army Pacific. Also commanded the elite 82nd Airborne 1993-95, and was Commandant of the Army Command and Staff coll.
★ Lt. Gen. Gary L. Parks (1969), USMC,Former Deputy Commander of the United States Marine Corps for Training. Served in Vietnam
★ Lt. Gen. Colby Broadwater (1972), USA, Chief of Staff, European Command, 2004-2006. Commanding General, US 1st Army, 2001
★ Lt. Gen. John F. Kimmons (1974), USA, Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence; Commander US Army Intelligence & Security Command; J2 U.S. Central Command during Operation Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan) and Operation Iraqi Freedom
★ Lt. Gen. John W. Rosa, Jr. (1973), USAF, Current President of the Citadel and former Superintendent of the United States Air Force Academy
★ Lt. Gen. James T. Moore, USMC (1916, deceased) - Marine Corps Aviation General during World War II, famous as Pappy Boyington's Boss in the South Pacific Air War
★ Maj. Gen. Lewis G. Merritt, USMC (1917, deceased) - Pioneer in Marine Corps aviation; honored with the renaming of the Marine Corps Air Station in Beaufort, SC, in his memory
★ Maj. Gen. Glenn K. Rieth(1980), Adjutant General of the New Jersey National Guard.
★ Brig Gen John T. Kennedy (class of 1907), USA (left the Citadel and graduated from West Point). He was awarded the Medal of Honor in 1909, in the Philippines Campaign. Maintained lifelong membership in the Citadel Alumni Association.
★ Brig Gen Michael (Mike) Bozeman, 1967. USAR; Track Coach (1985-present), Interim Director of Athletics (1998), and Commandant (temporary) (1995-1996) at the Virginia Military Institute.[16]
★ Major Thomas D. Howie (1929, deceased), USA - World War II hero; “The Major of St. Lo”; leader of the battalion that captured St. Lo (where he was killed)
★ Maj Samuel R. Bird, (1961) USA - Officer in Charge of President Kennedy's Funneral Honor Guard and the subject of a May 1989 Reader's Digest feature on leadership and strength of character.
Business
★ Charles E. Daniel, 1918 and R. Hugh Daniel, 1929. Co-founders of Daniel International Construction Corporation. (at one time the largest construction company in the world); major Citadel benefactors for whom Daniel Library is named.
★ Dr. Harvey W. Schiller (1960) - Pres./CEO, Assante, US, New York, NY; President, Turner Sports Inc., Turner Broadcasting, Atlanta, GA; Executive Director, United States Olympic Committee
Sports
★ Paul L. Maguire (1960) - ESPN sports analyst; former professional football player (one of only 12 players to play from the inception of the American Football League until its merger with the NFL); member of The Citadel Athletic Hall of Fame
★ W. Calvin (Cal) McCombs (1967) - Former head football coach, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA; member of The Citadel Athletic Hall of Fame
★ Chip Cannon - professional baseball player. 1st Base, Toronto Blue Jays.
★ John K. Small, Sr. (1970) - Former professional football player; linebacker for the Atlanta Falcons & the Detroit Lions; member of The Citadel Athletic Hall of Fame
★ L. Ellis Johnson (1975) - Former head football coach, The Citadel
★ Richard A. Johnson (1976) - Director of Athletics, Wofford College
★ William Timothy Jones - Former Major League Baseball infielder for the St. Louis Cardinals.
★ L. Frederick Jordan (1979) - Head baseball coach, The Citadel
★ Lyvonia A. "Stump" Mitchell (1981) - Assistant football coach, Seattle Seahawks; former running back for the St. Louis & Phoenix Cardinals; former head football coach, Morgan State University; had his Citadel jersey #35 retired; member of The Citadel Athletic Hall of Fame
★ Jeffrey C. Barkley (1982) - Former baseball pitcher for the Cleveland Indians; 2002 inductee of The Citadel Athletic Hall of Fame
★ Gregory B. Davis (1987) - Former professional football player/place kicker for the Oakland Raiders; also played for the Atlanta Falcons; member of The Citadel Athletic Hall of Fame
★ Gettys M. Glaze (1992) - Former baseball pitcher, Boston Red Sox organization; former Southern Conference Male Athlete of the Year; member of The Citadel Athletic Hall of Fame
★ Lester J. Smith, Jr. (1992) - Safety for Montreal Alouettes, Canadian Football League; had his Citadel jersey #15 retired; member of The Citadel Athletic Hall of Fame
★ Dallas McPherson - Professional baseball player. 3rd Base, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.
★ Nehemiah Broughton (2005) - Professional football player. FB, Washington Redskins.
Other
★ Johnson Hagood, 1847. Governor of South Carolina and CSA Brig Gen.
★ Joseph Haynesworth Earle, 1866. United States Senator from South Carolina.
★ Hugh S. Thompson, 1856. Governor of South Carolina.
★ Sammuel M. Griffin, 1929. Governor of Georgia.
★ Ernest Hollings, 1942. Governor and United States Senator from South Carolina.
★ John C. West, 1942. Governor of South Carolina and Ambassador to Saudi Arabia.
★ George W. Dargan, 1865. U.S. Congressman from the Sixth Congressional District of South Carolina (attended Citadel 1863-65)
★ George W. Croft, 1865. U.S. Congressman from the Second Congressional District of South Carolina (attended Citadel 1863-65)
★ George Johnstone, 1865. U.S. Congressman from the Third Congressional District of South Carolina (attended Citadel 1863-65)
★ Edward C. Mann, 1901. U.S. Congressman from the Eighth Congressional District of South Carolina
★ Gabriel H. Mahon, 1911. U.S. Congressman from the fourth congressional district of South Carolina (attended Citadel but did not graduate)
★ Maurice G. Burnside, 1924. U.S. Congressman from West Virginia (attended Citadel 1920-22)
★ John Paul Hammerschmidt, 1943. U.S. Congressman from Arkansas (attended Citadel 1938-39)
★ Harlan Erwin Mitchell, 1943. U.S. Congressman from seventh district of Georgia
★ James Robert Mann, 1941. U.S. Congressman from the fourth Congressional District of South Carolina
★ Tim Valentine, 1948. U.S. Congressman from the Second Congressional District of North Carolina
★ Steve Buyer, 1980. U.S. Congressman from the Fourth Congressional District of Indiana
★ J. Gresham Barrett, 1983. U.S. Congressman from the third Congressional District of Sout Carolina
★ William B. Harvey, Jr., 1951. Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina.
★ Robert Poydasheff, 1954. Mayor of Columbus, Georgia.
★ Charles P. Darby, Jr., 1955. Chairman, Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
★ Arland D. Williams, Jr., 1957. Died heroically following the Air Florida aircraft crash into the 14th Street Bridge and Potomac River in Washington, DC, in January 1982. Before he sank to his death in the icy water, he saved the lives of five others by passing to them the lifeline lowered for him by a rescue helicopter.
★ Charles B. Hammond, 1958. President of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; former chair of Ob-Gyn at Duke University Medical School.
★ Langhorne A. "Tony" Motley, 1960. Ambassador and Chief of Mission to Brazil from 1981 to 1983 and Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs from 1983 to 1985.
★ D. Patrick Conroy, 1967. Author whose works include ''The Great Santini'', ''The Water Is Wide'', ''The Lords of Discipline'', ''The Prince of Tides'' and ''Beach Music''.
★ G. Richard Chamberlin, 1968. Georgia House of Representatives (1978-1983).
★ James O. Rigney, Jr., 1974. Author (writing with pen names of Robert Jordan, Reagan O’Reilly, et al.) whose works include ''The Wheel of Time'' series, ''The Fallon Blood'' and several ''Conan the Barbarian'' novels.
★ Christopher U. Cates, 1978. Nationally renowned Cardiologist, Atlanta, GA.
★ Lu Parker, 1994. Miss USA, 1994. Was not a member of the Corps of Cadets, instead earned her masters degree through the College of Graduate and Professional Studies.
Fictional depictions
★ Pat Conroy's 1980 novel ''The Lords of Discipline'' was based on Conroy's experience as a cadet at The Citadel during the 1960s. This book highlights the type hazing experienced by knobs at The Citadel. It also includes a fictitious account of the first African American cadet at The Citadel and the Class struggle that ensued to both keep and reject the cadet. ''The Lords of Discipline'' was made into a movie starring David Keith and Robert Prosky in 1983.
★ ''Sword Drill'', a novel by David Epps (Citadel Class of 1980), presents a fictional version of the Citadel’s Junior Sword Drill program.[7]
★ The Citadel was also used as the location for shooting the Columbo episode 'By Dawn's Early Light', guest starring Patrick McGoohan.
★ Major Ben Marco, Denzel Washington's character in the movie The Manchurian Candidate, was a graduate of the Citadel.
Trivia
★ The Citadel Regimental Pipe Band is the only all-student college pipe band in the country. The pipe band was started by General Mark Clark in 1955.
References
1. Quick Facts from the Citadel web site
2. CPGS Overview from the Citadel web site
3. http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college/directory/brief/drmiss_3423_brief.php]
4. Press Release by The Citadel's Office of Public Affairs, May 2001
5. "Denmark Vesey", Knob Knowledge, Daniel Library, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina.
6. Classes that did not graduate
7. America's Best Colleges 2007, U.S. News & World Report web site
8. America's 25 Hot Schools, Newsweek, 2006
9. Citadel Press Release
10. Lankford, Kimberly (2006). Best Values in Public Colleges. ''Kiplinger's''.
11. Citadel Press Release
12. Harvard Law
13. http://www.cnn.com/2007/EDUCATION/04/23/citadel.security.ap/index.html
14. Citadel press release (10 June 2006).
15. The Citadel Summer Camp
16. Biography of Mike Bozeman from VMI web site
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