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'''The Hindu''' is a leading English-language newspaper in South India, with its largest base of circulation in Tamil Nadu. Begun in 1878, it was founded on the principles of fairness and justice. Headquartered at Chennai (formerly called Madras), ''The Hindu'' was published weekly when it was launched and started publishing daily in 1889.
''The Hindu'' became, in 1995, the first Indian newspaper to offer an online edition. Core values and high quality standards N. Murali .
''The Hindu'' is published from 12 locations - Bangalore, Chennai, Coimbatore, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kochi, Madurai, Mangalore, Thiruvananthapuram, Tiruchirapalli, Vijayawada and Visakhapatnam.
| Contents |
| History |
| Pre-Independence |
| Post-Independence |
| Reviews |
| Commendations |
| Achievements |
| Criticism |
| Supplements |
| Citations |
| References |
| External links |
History
Pre-Independence
the logo explained click to see larger size
The first issue of ''The Hindu'' was published on September 20, 1878, by a group of six young men, led by G. Subramania Aiyer, a radical social reformer and school teacher from Thiruvaiyyar near Thanjavur. Aiyer, then 23, along with his 21-year-old fellow-tutor and friend at Pachaiyappa's College, M. Veeraraghavachariar of Chingleput, and four law students, T.T. Rangachariar, P.V. Rangachariar, D. Kesava Rao Pant and N. Subba Rao Pantulu were members of the Triplicane Literary Society. The British-controlled English language local newspapers had been campaigning against the appointment of the first Indian, T. Muthuswami Aiyer, to the Bench of the Madras High Court in 1878. "The Triplicane Six," in an attempt to counter the dominant attitudes in the English language press started ''The Hindu'' on one [British] rupee and twelve annas of borrowed money. Aiyer was the editor and Veeraraghavachariar the Managing Director. The first editorial declared, "[the] Press does not only give expression to public opinion, but also modifies and moulds it."
Three of the students soon left the paper and took up careers in law, while Pantulu continued to write for ''The Hindu''. The founders of the newspaper maintained a neutral stance regarding British rule, and occasionally, as in an editorial of 1894, held that British rule had been beneficial to Indian people. "However, it was equally convinced that the Anglo-Indian Press should be challenged, despotic bureaucrats condemned, and the abuse of power exposed," writes historian S. Muthiah. Willing to strike and not reluctant to wound S. Muthiah
Initially printing 80 copies a week at the Srinidhi Press in Mint Street, Black Town, ''The Hindu'' was published every Wednesday evening as an eight-page paper, each a quarter of today's page size and sold for four annas (1/4 Rupee). After a month of printing from the Srinidhi Press, the newspaper switched to the Scottish Press, also in Black Town. The earliest available issue of the paper is dated June 21, 1881. In 1881, it moved to Ragoonada Row's 'The Hindu Press' of Mylapore, with the intention of making it tri-weekly. This plan did not materialize until it moved to the Empress of India Press, where, starting on October 1, 1883, is was published on every Monday, Wednesday and Friday evening; it continued maintaining the same size as before.
The offices moved to rented premises at 100 Mount Road on December 3, 1883. The newspaper started printing at its own press there, christened "The National Press," which was established on borrowed capital as public subscriptions were not forthcoming. The building itself became ''The Hindu's in 1892, after the Maharaja of Vizianagaram, Ananda Gajapathi Raju, gave The National Press a loan both for the building and to carry out needed expansion.
Its assertive editorials earned ''The Hindu'' the nickname, the Maha Vishnu of Mount Road. "From the new address, 100 Mount Road, which to remain ''The Hindu''
The partnership between Veeraraghavachariar and Subramania Aiyer was dissolved in October 1898. Aiyer quit the paper and Veeraraghavachariar became the sole owner and appointed C. Karunakara Menon as editor. However, The Hindu's adventurousness began to decline in the 1900s and so did its circulation, which was down to 800 copies when the sole proprietor decided to sell out. The purchaser was The Hindu's Legal Adviser from 1895, S. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar, a politically ambitious lawyer who had migrated from a Kumbakonam village to practise in Coimbatore and from thence to Madras. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar's ancestors had served the courts of Vijayanagar and Mahratta Tanjore. He traded law, in which his success was middling but his interest minimal, for journalism, pursuing his penchant for politics honed in Coimbatore and by his association with the `Egmore Group' led by C. Sankaran Nair and Dr T.M. Nair.
Post-Independence
In late 1980s when its ownership passed into the hands of the family's younger members, a change in political leaning was observed. Worldpress.org lists the Hindu as a left-leaning independent newspaper.[1] This political polarization is supposed to have taken place since N. Ram took over as editor-in-chief. Joint Managing Director N. Murali said in July 2003, "It is true that our readers have been complaining that some of our reports are partial and lack objectivity. But it also depends on reader beliefs."[2] N. Ram was appointed on June 27, 2003 as its editor-in-chief with a mandate to "improve the structures and other mechanisms to uphold and strengthen quality and objectivity in news reports and opinion pieces", authorised to "restructure the editorial framework and functions in line with the competitive environment".[3] On September 3 and 23, 2003, the reader's letters column carried responses from readers saying the editorial was biased.[4][5] An editorial in August 2003 observed that the newspaper was affected by the 'editorialising as news reporting' virus, and expressed a determination to buck the trend, restore the professionally sound lines of demarcation, and strengthen objectivity and factuality in its coverage.[6]
In 1987-'88 ''The Hindu's coverage of the Bofors arms deal scandal, a series of document-backed exclusives set the terms of the national political discourse on this subject. The Bofors scandal broke in April 1987 with Swedish Radio alleging that bribes had been paid to top Indian political leaders, officials and Army officers in return for the Swedish arms manufacturing company winning a hefty contract with the Government of India for the purchase of 155mm howitzers. During a six-month period the newspaper published scores of copies of original papers that documented the secret payments, amounting to $50 million, into Swiss bank accounts, the agreements behind the payments, communications relating to the payments and the crisis response, and other material. The investigation was led by part-time correspondent of ''The Hindu'', Chitra Subramaniam reporting from Geneva, and was supported by Ram in Chennai. The scandal was a major embarrassment to the party in power at the centre, the Indian National Congress, and its leader Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. The paper's editorial accused the Prime Minister of being party to massive fraud and cover up.[7]
In 1991, Deputy Editor N. Ravi, Ram's younger brother replaced G. Kasturi as Editor. Nirmala Lakshman, Kasturi Srinivasan's grand-daughter, became Joint Editor of ''The Hindu'' and her sister, Malini Parthasarathy, Executive Editor.
In 2003, the Jayalalitha Government of the state of Tamil Nadu, of which Chennai is the capital, filed cases against the
paper for "breach of privilege" of the state legislative body. The move was widely perceived as a government's assault on freedom of the press. However, ''The Hindu'' emerged unscathed from the ordeal, scoring both political and legal victories, as it instantly commanded the support of the journalistic community throughout the country, as well as the national government's political leadership.[8]
The younger generation of ''The Hindu's editors have also contributed much to its commercial success. They built a modern infrastructure for news-gathering, printing and distribution. On the look of the newspaper, editor-in-chief Ram writes, "The Hindu has been through many evolutionary changes in layout and design, for instance, moving news to the front page that used to be an ad kingdom; adopting modular layout and make-up; using large photographs; introducing colour; transforming the format of the editorial page to make it a purely 'views' page; avoiding carry-over of news stories from one page to another; and introducing boxes, panels, highlights, and briefs." Major layout changes appeared starting
The Hindu, like many other Indian publishing houses, is family-run. It was headed by G. Kasturi from 1965 to 1991, N. Ravi from 1991 to 2003, and by his brother, N. Ram, since June 27th 2003. Other family members, including Nirmala Lakshman, Malini Parthasarathy, Nalini Krishnan, N Murali, K
Balaji, K Venugopal and Ramesh Rangarajan are directors of The Hindu and its parent company, Kasturi and Sons. S Rangarajan, former managing director and chairman since April 2006, died on 8 February 2007.
Reviews
Commendations
In his autobiography, Jawaharlal Nehru commented on ''The Hindu'' thus:
''The Times'', London choose it as one of the world's ten best newspapers in 1965. Discussing each of its choices in separate articles, ''The Times'' wrote:
In 1968, the American Newspaper Publishers' Association awarded ''The Hindu'' its World Press Achievement Award. An extract from the citation reads
Achievements
The Hindu has many firsts in India to its credit, which include the following
★ 1940 - First to introduce colour
★ 1963 - First to own fleet of aircraft for distribution
★ 1969 - First to adopt facsimile system of page transmission
★ 1980 - First to use computer aided photo composing
★ 1986 - First to use satellite for facsimile transmission
★ 1994 - First to adopt wholly computerized integration of text and graphics in page make-up and remote imaging
★ 1995 - First newspaper to go on Internet
Criticism
★ A media analyst Dasu Krishnamoorty[10] based on his reading of the newspaper during the period from December 2002 to January 2003, opines that ''The Hindu'' gives undue weight to only one side of issues. To prove this, he cites (1)examples of news reports (identifiable by datelines) that opines on the issue reported.[11] (These examples appeared in the paper prior to the editor change of August 2003.) (2)A count of op-ed pieces during the two month period to show that one point of view gets more weightage, while opinions differing from the editorial stance are not adequately represented. His main complaint is that the paper does not adequately reflect majority sentiment.
★ The organization friends-of-tibet believes that the editor of The Hindu has adopted a pro-China, anti-Dalai Lama stance.[12]
★ Coverage of contentious topics - such as Tiananmen Square, Taiwan, Tibet, outlawed spiritual movement Falun Gong, scandals involving political leaders and mass protests in mainland China are carefully avoided. At the same time an overemphasis is given to coverage of criticism of issues related to Human Rights and freedom of press in open democracies
★ A concern that The Hindu is driven more by a pro-leftwing crusading zeal rather than fair journalistic norms was heightened recently when the paper committed a serious journalistic transgression in its campaign against the right-of-center Gujarat state government. The Hindu published a report incriminating the state government in the killing of a criminal by the state's police, and attributed the authorship of the report to an official of the government itself. However, when it came to light that the paper's claims on authorship of the report were false, The Hindu was forced to apologize and retract the story.
★ According to Indian Readership Survey 2007, Round 1, The Hindu has lost readership by 14%.[13]
★ The view that The Hindu does not entertain views that run contrary to its political leanings was strenghtened when it refused to publish a letter by a Tibetan film-maker. The letter disputed the paper's editor's claims on Tibet and Dalai Lama. [14]
Supplements
★ On Mondays
★
★ Metro Plus
★
★ Business Review
★
★ Education Plus
★ On Tuesdays
★
★ Metro Plus
★
★ Education
★
★ Book Review
★ On Wednesdays
★
★ Metro Plus
★
★ Job Opportunities
★ On Thursdays
★
★ Metro Plus
★
★ Science, Engineering, Technology & Agriculture
★ On Fridays
★
★ Friday Features covering cinema, arts, music and entertainment
★
★ Young World, an exclusive children's supplement. One of the more popular columns is ''The Hindu Young World Quiz''
★
★ Quest, a supplement by children for children, appears once a month.
★ On Saturdays
★
★ Metro Plus And Property Plus.
★ On Sundays
★
★ Weekly Magazine covering social issues, art, literature, gardening, travel, health, cuisine, hobbies etc.
★
★ Open Page
★
★ Literary Review , every first Sunday
Popular Columns include ''This day that year'' and ''Religion''.
there is a sudoku every day
Citations
1. Worldpress.org, the directory of online Indian newspapers and magazines lists ''The Hindu'' as "Left-leaning, independent", and its biweekly sister publication ''Frontline'' as "Independent biweekly".
2. Change of guard Venkatachari Jagannathan
3. The job of a reporter is to write news, not to comment An interview with N. Ram, editor-in-chief of ''The Hindu''
4. Opinion - Letters to the Editor
5. Opinion - Letters to the Editor
6. The Hindu
7. Developing a paper for a new reader See paragraph #30
8. Journalists protest TN assembly's arrest of scribes Onkar Singh
9. The Hindu
10. The Hindu, Hindus, and Hindutva Dasu Krishnamoorty
11. The saffron wave dissipates despite Modi magic
12. Save The Hindu campaign
13. Print starts fading out
14. Response to N Ram on Tibet
References
★ 125 years of The Hindu
★ Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow N. Ram
★ Looking Back: The history of ''The Hindu'' as told by historian S. Muthiah.
★
★
★
★ Willing to strike and not reluctant to wound
★
★ Making news the family business
★
★ A clarion call against the Raj
★
★ Treading softly - but modernizing apace
★
★ Developing a paper for the new reader
★ Core values and high quality standards N. Murali
External links
★ Online edition (ePaper)
★ Breaking News
★ The Hindu 125 Years - Special Supplement
★ Education Plus
★ Young World
★ Print edition scanned (You need to create a login)
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