THE KILLER ANGELS

'''The Killer Angels''' (1974) is a historical novel by Michael Shaara that was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1975. The book tells the story of four days of the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War: June 29, 1863, as the troops of both the Union and the Confederacy move into battle around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and July 1, July 2, and July 3, when the battle was fought. A film adaption of the novel, titled ''Gettysburg'', was released in 1993.

Contents

Plot introduction

Layout of the book

Comparison

Characters

Publication

Literary significance & criticism

Award and nominations

Other media

Further reading

Plot introduction

Layout of the book

Beginning with the famous section about Longstreet's spy Harrison gathering information about the movements and positions of the Federals, each day is told primarily from the perspectives of commanders of the two armies, including Robert E. Lee and James Longstreet for the Confederacy, and Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain and John Buford for the Union. Most chapters describe the emotion-laden decisions of these officers as they went into battle. Maps depicting the positioning of the troops as they went to battle, as they advanced, add to the sense of authenticity as decisions are made to advance and retreat with the armies. Through their voices, the author succeeds in conveying not only the excitement and horror of the largest battle in the history of North America, but also the causes of the Civil War and the motivations that led old friends to face each other on the battlefield.

Comparison

The novel is sometimes compared to Stephen Crane's ''The Red Badge of Courage'' for its depiction of the war, but Shaara emphasizes the decisions, motivations, and actions of generals and colonels in the battle more than the common soldiers. Shaara explained that he was aiming to produce an epic military study modeled after William Shakespeare's Henry V. His choice for a specific subject was inspired by a family vacation that Shaara took to the site of the battle in 1966. Shaara's son Jeffrey Shaara expanded the story by adding a prequel, ''Gods and Generals'' and a sequel, ''The Last Full Measure''.

Characters

★ South

★
★ Robert E. Lee

★
★ James Longstreet

★
★ George Pickett

★
★ Richard Ewell

★
★ A.P. Hill

★
★ Richard Brooke Garnett

★
★ J.E.B. Stuart

★
★ Jubal Early

★
★ Lewis Armistead

★
★ James Kemper

★
★ John Bell Hood

★
★ Henry Heth
Observing the Confederacy, Arthur Fremantle.
Spy for the Confederacy, Harrison

★ North

★
★ Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain

★
★ Tom Chamberlain

★
★ Ellis Spear

★
★ John Buford

★
★ John F. Reynolds

★
★ George Gordon Meade

★
★ Winfield Scott Hancock

★
★ Buster Kilrain, the only major fictional character in the novel.

Publication

Publication of ''The Killer Angels'' and release of the movie have had two significant influences on modern perceptions of the Civil War. First, the actions of Chamberlain and the 20th Maine Infantry on Little Round Top have achieved enormous public awareness. Visitors touring the Gettysburg Battlefield rank the 20th Maine monument as their most important stop. Second, since Shaara used the memoirs of General James Longstreet as a prime source for his history, the book has renewed the modern re-evaluation of Longstreet's reputation, damaged since the 1870s by the Lost Cause writers, such as Jubal A. Early.

Literary significance & criticism

General H. Norman Schwarzkopf described ''The Killer Angels'' as "the best and most realistic historical novel about war that I have ever read." The filmmaker Ken Burns has mentioned the influence of the book in developing his interest in the Civil War and his subsequent production of the PBS series on the subject. The book has also been cited by Joss Whedon as the original inspiration for his science fiction/Western hybrid series ''Firefly''.

Award and nominations

''The Killer Angels'' received the 1975 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.
''The Killer Angels'' has been required reading, at various times, at the US Army Officer Candidate School, the US Army Command and General Staff College, and the US Army War College. It is one of only two novels (the other being ''Once an Eagle'' by Anton Myrer) on the US Army's recommended reading list for Officer Professional Development.

Other media

''The Killer Angels'' was a source for the screenplay for the 1993 movie, ''Gettysburg''.
The ''Firefly'' science fiction television series was developed by Joss Whedon after reading ''The Killer Angels''. Homage to Shaara's novel was paid in the series' final episode, "Objects in Space", which featured a bounty hunter named Jubal Early (one of the historic figures in ''The Killer Angels'').
Singer-songwriter Steve Earle included a song on his 1999 bluegrass album, ''The Mountain'', called ''Dixieland'', sung from the point of view of the fictional Buster Kilrain.

Further reading

★ Eishen, Thomas, ''Courage on Little Round Top'', Skyward Publishing, 2005, ISBN 1-881554-38-4.

★ Hartwig, D. Scott, ''A Killer Angels Companion'' Thomas Publications, 1996, ISBN 0-939631-95-4.

★ Smithpeters, Jeff, ''To the Latest Generation: Post Cold War Civil War Novels in Their Contemporary Contexts,'' doctoral dissertation, Louisiana State University, 2005. The dissertation argues that ''The Killer Angels'' is a response to the Vietnam War and to a longing for the leadership of John F. and Robert F. Kennedy.