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(Redirected from The Pennines)
The 'Pennines' are a mountain range in England. Often said [1] to be the "backbone of England", they form an unbroken range stretching from the Peak District in the Midlands, Derbyshire, through the Yorkshire Dales, parts of Greater Manchester, the West Pennine Moors of Lancashire and Cumbrian Fells to the Cheviot Hills on the Scottish border. Their total length is about .
The earliest written reference to the name dates only from the 18th century. The diffusion of the name is arguably influenced by the name of the Apennine Mountains of Italy, whose acquaintance many English gentry made on the Grand Tour at the same period and whose name is attributed to the same Celtic linguistic root.
The mountains are not very high and thus are often referred to as hills. The highest is Cross Fell in eastern Cumbria, at while other principal peaks include Mickle Fell , Whernside , Ingleborough , Pen-y-ghent , and Kinder Scout .
The Pennines form an anticline which extends in a north-south direction, consisting largely of Millstone Grit and the underlying Carboniferous Limestone. The limestone is exposed at the surface in some areas - in the Yorkshire Dales this has led to the formation of large underground cave systems and watercourses, known as "gills" and "pots" in the Yorkshire dialect, which are prevalent on the eastern side. Some of these are amongst the largest in England; notable examples are the chasms of Gaping Gill, which is over deep and Rowten Pot, which is deep. The presence of limestone has also led to some unusual geological formations in the region, such as the limestone pavements of the Yorkshire Pennines.
The landscape of the Pennines is in general constituted by upland areas of high moorland indented by the more fertile valleys of the region's various rivers. It is a relatively sparsely populated region by English standards. The main economic activities include sheep farming, quarrying and tourism. The region is widely considered to be one of the most scenic areas of Britain. The North Pennines have been declared an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), while portions of the Pennines are incorporated into the Peak District National Park, the Yorkshire Dales National Park and the Northumberland National Park. Britain's first long distance footpath, the Pennine Way, runs the full length of the Pennine chain.
The Pennines constitute the main watershed in northern England, dividing the eastern and western parts of the country. The rivers Eden, Ribble, and Mersey all rise in the Pennines and flow westwards towards the Irish Sea. On the other side of the watershed, the rivers Tyne, Tees, Wear, Swale, Calder, Aire, Don, and Trent also rise in the region but flow eastwards to the North Sea.
The Pennines are traversed by the Leeds and Liverpool Canal.
Not much is known about the Pennines' inhabitance in Anglo-Saxon times apart from the pecsaetan who inhabited the Peak District area, and bronze-age settlements at Anglezarke.
★ Pennine Way
★ Yorkshire three peaks
★ Geology of the United Kingdom
★ UK topics
1. THE BACKBONE OF ENGLAND, W A POUCHER. Published in 1946 by Billing & Sons Ltd., Guilford and Esher.A Photographic and descriptive guide to the Pennine range from Derbyshire to Durham.
Typical Pennine scenery.
The 'Pennines' are a mountain range in England. Often said [1] to be the "backbone of England", they form an unbroken range stretching from the Peak District in the Midlands, Derbyshire, through the Yorkshire Dales, parts of Greater Manchester, the West Pennine Moors of Lancashire and Cumbrian Fells to the Cheviot Hills on the Scottish border. Their total length is about .
| Contents |
| Etymology |
| Altitude |
| Geology and landscape |
| Water divides |
| Inhabitance |
| See also |
| References |
Etymology
The earliest written reference to the name dates only from the 18th century. The diffusion of the name is arguably influenced by the name of the Apennine Mountains of Italy, whose acquaintance many English gentry made on the Grand Tour at the same period and whose name is attributed to the same Celtic linguistic root.
Altitude
The mountains are not very high and thus are often referred to as hills. The highest is Cross Fell in eastern Cumbria, at while other principal peaks include Mickle Fell , Whernside , Ingleborough , Pen-y-ghent , and Kinder Scout .
Geology and landscape
Topographical map of the UK, Pennines centred
The Pennines form an anticline which extends in a north-south direction, consisting largely of Millstone Grit and the underlying Carboniferous Limestone. The limestone is exposed at the surface in some areas - in the Yorkshire Dales this has led to the formation of large underground cave systems and watercourses, known as "gills" and "pots" in the Yorkshire dialect, which are prevalent on the eastern side. Some of these are amongst the largest in England; notable examples are the chasms of Gaping Gill, which is over deep and Rowten Pot, which is deep. The presence of limestone has also led to some unusual geological formations in the region, such as the limestone pavements of the Yorkshire Pennines.
The landscape of the Pennines is in general constituted by upland areas of high moorland indented by the more fertile valleys of the region's various rivers. It is a relatively sparsely populated region by English standards. The main economic activities include sheep farming, quarrying and tourism. The region is widely considered to be one of the most scenic areas of Britain. The North Pennines have been declared an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), while portions of the Pennines are incorporated into the Peak District National Park, the Yorkshire Dales National Park and the Northumberland National Park. Britain's first long distance footpath, the Pennine Way, runs the full length of the Pennine chain.
Water divides
The Pennines constitute the main watershed in northern England, dividing the eastern and western parts of the country. The rivers Eden, Ribble, and Mersey all rise in the Pennines and flow westwards towards the Irish Sea. On the other side of the watershed, the rivers Tyne, Tees, Wear, Swale, Calder, Aire, Don, and Trent also rise in the region but flow eastwards to the North Sea.
The Pennines are traversed by the Leeds and Liverpool Canal.
Inhabitance
Not much is known about the Pennines' inhabitance in Anglo-Saxon times apart from the pecsaetan who inhabited the Peak District area, and bronze-age settlements at Anglezarke.
See also
★ Pennine Way
★ Yorkshire three peaks
★ Geology of the United Kingdom
★ UK topics
References
1. THE BACKBONE OF ENGLAND, W A POUCHER. Published in 1946 by Billing & Sons Ltd., Guilford and Esher.A Photographic and descriptive guide to the Pennine range from Derbyshire to Durham.
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