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(Redirected from Thiruvalluvar)
'Thiruvalluvar' () is a celebrated Tamil poet who wrote the Thirukkural, a well known ethical work in Tamil literature. He is claimed by both Tamil Hindus and Tamil Jains as their own.[1] Nevertheless, some consider him as a Jain showing internal texual evidence from Thirukural.[2]
Thiruvalluvar's period (based on the Thirukkural per se) is between the second centuary BC and the eigth centuary AD. [3]
Both Thiruvalluvar's faith and identity are disputed. His disputed identity includes a low-caste Hindu, Jain, Buddhist, crypto-Christian, high-caste Hindu, Brahmin and half-Brahmin. [4]
There are little or no clues available to trace Thiruvalluvar's background. However, according to one of the legends, Valluvar was the son of a Brahmin father(Bhagavan) and an 'untouchable' mother (Adi). Further, it is said that he was abandoned as a child to be picked up by a Vellala (high non-Brahmin, landowning caste) woman who named him 'Tiru-Valluvar'. Following objections by her neighbours, the Vellala woman too abandoned Valluvar to be picked up this time by a family of Paraiyars(untouchables). It is said that he later moved to Mylapore(part of Chennai, now) where he worked as a weaver. The name ''Valluvan'' might have been a common name representing his caste/occupation rather than his proper name. Even today, the people who earn a living by textile weaving trace their ancestry to the caste of Thiruvalluvar. However, the question of whether the author of Thirukkural (''Valluvan'') is named after his community or vice versa remains unanswered.
The name Thiruvalluvar (ThiruValluvar) consists of ''Thiru'' (from Sanskrit:Shri)[5] and ''Valluvar'' (a polite name for ''Valluvan'', according to Tamil tradition).
There are a few legends abound about the birthplace of Thiruvalluvar. One legend associates him to Madurai, the ancient capital of the Pandya rulers who vigorously promoted Tamil literature. According to another he was born and lived in Mylapore, an ancient part of present day Chennai city and travelled to Madurai to submit his work, ''the Thirukural'', for approval of the king (Pandian) and his college of poets.[6]
There are, also, traditional stories citing the ''Tamil Sangam of Madurai'' (the assembly/conference of eminent scholars and researchers conducted on a regular basis) as the authority through which Thirukkural was introduced to the world. Thiruvalluvar might have spent most part of his life in Madurai because it was under Pandia rulers that many Tamil poets flourished. There are also recent claim by Kanyakumari Historical and Cultural Research Centre (KHCRC) that Valluvar was a king who ruled Valluvanadu in the hilly tracts of Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu. [7]
Main articles: Thirukkural
Thirukkural is one of most revered works in the Tamil [8] . It consists of 133 ''athikarams'' or chapters. Each athikaram consists of 10 ''kurals'' (rhyming Tamil couplets) thus making 1330 ''kurals'' in total. Each couplet consists of four ''seers'' in the first line and three ''seers'' in the second. A ''seer'' is a single or a combination of more than one Tamil word. The first Kural is ''Ahara Muthala Ezhuthellam Aathi; Pahavan Muthatrey Ulahu''.
Thirukkural is divided into three sections. Section one deals with ''Aram'' doing things, with conscience and honor, for the good of the less fortunate, the second discusses ''Porul'' realities or facts of life, and the third dwells on ''Inbam'' the pleasures that a man and a woman experience in the course of their relationship. There are 38 chapters in the first section, 70 chapters in the second and 25 chapters in the third section. The first two sections portray Thiruvalluvar as a moral philosopher, political scientist, and thought provoker. In the third section, whilst playing the role of creative artist, Thiruvalluvar takes the reader through the fascinating experiences of a man and a woman in love. The ancestral ''Akam'' tradition (Akananuru) of the Tamils is expounded in this section. Thiruvalluvar is, evidently, the most influential of all Tamil poets and the most revered.
There is a huge (133 feet tall) statue of Thiruvalluvar showing his first three fingers. The statue is carved out of rock and erected at the southern tip of India (Kanyakumari) where the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and the Indian Ocean confluence. The 133 ft denotes Thirukkural's 133 ''athikarams'' and the show of three fingers, perhaps, the three themes ''Aram'', ''Porul'', and ''Inbam''.
★ Statue of Thiruvalluvar
1. , , MS, Pillai, Asian Education Service, ,
2. Interpreting Tirukkural: the role of commentary in the creation of a text., , Norman, Cutler, The Journal of the American Oriental Society,
3. Thiruvalluvar's vission: Polity and Economy in ''Thirukural'', , KV, Nagarajan, History of Political Economy,
4. Corruption and Redemption: The Legend of Valluvar and Tamil Literary History, , Stuart, Blackburn, Modern Asian Studies,
5. Caldwell, Robert. 1875. A comparative grammar of the Dravidian or South-Indian family of languages. London: Trübner.
6. The Tamils Eighteen Hundred Years Ago, , , Kanakasabhai, Asian Education Service, ,
7. Valluvar lived in Kanyakumari district
8. Tamil Nadu seeks national status for 'Thirukkural'
★ About Thiruvalluvar
★ Thiruvalluvar by Swami Sivananda
'Thiruvalluvar' () is a celebrated Tamil poet who wrote the Thirukkural, a well known ethical work in Tamil literature. He is claimed by both Tamil Hindus and Tamil Jains as their own.[1] Nevertheless, some consider him as a Jain showing internal texual evidence from Thirukural.[2]
The statue of Tiruvalluar at Kanyakumari
Thiruvalluvar's period (based on the Thirukkural per se) is between the second centuary BC and the eigth centuary AD. [3]
Both Thiruvalluvar's faith and identity are disputed. His disputed identity includes a low-caste Hindu, Jain, Buddhist, crypto-Christian, high-caste Hindu, Brahmin and half-Brahmin. [4]
| Contents |
| Traditional accounts |
| Thirukkural |
| See also |
| References |
| External links |
Traditional accounts
There are little or no clues available to trace Thiruvalluvar's background. However, according to one of the legends, Valluvar was the son of a Brahmin father(Bhagavan) and an 'untouchable' mother (Adi). Further, it is said that he was abandoned as a child to be picked up by a Vellala (high non-Brahmin, landowning caste) woman who named him 'Tiru-Valluvar'. Following objections by her neighbours, the Vellala woman too abandoned Valluvar to be picked up this time by a family of Paraiyars(untouchables). It is said that he later moved to Mylapore(part of Chennai, now) where he worked as a weaver. The name ''Valluvan'' might have been a common name representing his caste/occupation rather than his proper name. Even today, the people who earn a living by textile weaving trace their ancestry to the caste of Thiruvalluvar. However, the question of whether the author of Thirukkural (''Valluvan'') is named after his community or vice versa remains unanswered.
The name Thiruvalluvar (ThiruValluvar) consists of ''Thiru'' (from Sanskrit:Shri)[5] and ''Valluvar'' (a polite name for ''Valluvan'', according to Tamil tradition).
There are a few legends abound about the birthplace of Thiruvalluvar. One legend associates him to Madurai, the ancient capital of the Pandya rulers who vigorously promoted Tamil literature. According to another he was born and lived in Mylapore, an ancient part of present day Chennai city and travelled to Madurai to submit his work, ''the Thirukural'', for approval of the king (Pandian) and his college of poets.[6]
There are, also, traditional stories citing the ''Tamil Sangam of Madurai'' (the assembly/conference of eminent scholars and researchers conducted on a regular basis) as the authority through which Thirukkural was introduced to the world. Thiruvalluvar might have spent most part of his life in Madurai because it was under Pandia rulers that many Tamil poets flourished. There are also recent claim by Kanyakumari Historical and Cultural Research Centre (KHCRC) that Valluvar was a king who ruled Valluvanadu in the hilly tracts of Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu. [7]
Thirukkural
Main articles: Thirukkural
Thirukkural is one of most revered works in the Tamil [8] . It consists of 133 ''athikarams'' or chapters. Each athikaram consists of 10 ''kurals'' (rhyming Tamil couplets) thus making 1330 ''kurals'' in total. Each couplet consists of four ''seers'' in the first line and three ''seers'' in the second. A ''seer'' is a single or a combination of more than one Tamil word. The first Kural is ''Ahara Muthala Ezhuthellam Aathi; Pahavan Muthatrey Ulahu''.
Thirukkural is divided into three sections. Section one deals with ''Aram'' doing things, with conscience and honor, for the good of the less fortunate, the second discusses ''Porul'' realities or facts of life, and the third dwells on ''Inbam'' the pleasures that a man and a woman experience in the course of their relationship. There are 38 chapters in the first section, 70 chapters in the second and 25 chapters in the third section. The first two sections portray Thiruvalluvar as a moral philosopher, political scientist, and thought provoker. In the third section, whilst playing the role of creative artist, Thiruvalluvar takes the reader through the fascinating experiences of a man and a woman in love. The ancestral ''Akam'' tradition (Akananuru) of the Tamils is expounded in this section. Thiruvalluvar is, evidently, the most influential of all Tamil poets and the most revered.
There is a huge (133 feet tall) statue of Thiruvalluvar showing his first three fingers. The statue is carved out of rock and erected at the southern tip of India (Kanyakumari) where the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and the Indian Ocean confluence. The 133 ft denotes Thirukkural's 133 ''athikarams'' and the show of three fingers, perhaps, the three themes ''Aram'', ''Porul'', and ''Inbam''.
See also
★ Statue of Thiruvalluvar
References
1. , , MS, Pillai, Asian Education Service, ,
2. Interpreting Tirukkural: the role of commentary in the creation of a text., , Norman, Cutler, The Journal of the American Oriental Society,
3. Thiruvalluvar's vission: Polity and Economy in ''Thirukural'', , KV, Nagarajan, History of Political Economy,
4. Corruption and Redemption: The Legend of Valluvar and Tamil Literary History, , Stuart, Blackburn, Modern Asian Studies,
5. Caldwell, Robert. 1875. A comparative grammar of the Dravidian or South-Indian family of languages. London: Trübner.
6. The Tamils Eighteen Hundred Years Ago, , , Kanakasabhai, Asian Education Service, ,
7. Valluvar lived in Kanyakumari district
8. Tamil Nadu seeks national status for 'Thirukkural'
External links
★ About Thiruvalluvar
★ Thiruvalluvar by Swami Sivananda
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