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(Redirected from Tifernum)
'Città di Castello' is a town in the province of Perugia, in the northern part of the Umbria region of Italy. It is situated on a slope of the Apennines, on the upper part of the flood plain of the nearby river Tiber. The city lies north from Perugia (46 km) and south from Cesena (104 km) on the S3bis. It is connected to the A1 Rome-Florence highway by the SS 73 from Arezzo.
The town may have been Etruscan; the Romans knew it as '''Tifernum Tiberinum''' ("Tifernum on the Tiber")[1] or Civitas Tiberina. Pliny the Younger built nearby a magnificent villa supported by extensive land holdings, his ''villa in Tuscis'', which is identified with walls, mosaic floors and marble fragments at a place now called Colle Plinio.
In 550 it was taken and largely destroyed during the Ostrogothic campaign by Fantalogus, by order of Totila. The town was subsequently rebuilt under the direction of its bishop, Floridus, around a castle, and hence renamed first Castrum Felicitatis and later Civitas Castelli. By the donation of the Frankish king Pepin the Short in 752, it became subject to the Holy See, though in practice it was disputed between the papacy, Perugia and Florence. Local lords disputed its possession, which settled in the family of the Vitelli, even after Cesare Borgia attached the city more directly to the Holy See.
In subsequent centuries it was under various rulers, among them Pier Saccone di Pietramala. In the later Middle Ages it was governed successively by the Guelphs and Ghibellines. In 1375 Città di Castello joined in the insurrection of other cities of the States of the Church. Cardinal Robert of Geneva (later antipope as Clement VII), undertook to recapture it with Breton mercenaries, but was repulsed. Under pope Martin V it was taken by the condottiero Braccio da Montone (1420). Later Nicolò Vitelli, helped by Florence and Milan, became absolute ruler or tiranno. Antonio da Sangallo the Younger built for the Vitelli family an extensive palace.
In 1474 Sixtus IV sent thither his nephew, Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere (later Julius II); after fruitless negotiations he laid siege to the city, but Vitelli did not surrender until he learned that the command of the army had been given to Duke Federico III da Montefeltro. The following year Vitelli tried unsuccesefully to recapture the city; fear of Cesare Borgia alone induced him to desist, before Cesare Borgia had the patrianch of the Vitelli strangled and Città di Castello added to the papal possessions.
Towards the end of the twentieth century, the city has seen a considerable expansion northwards toward S. Giustino, with industrial parks tracking the river, railroad and main highway: the area produces farm machinery, textiles, ceramics and furnishings.
During the persecution of Diocletian —according to legend— St. Crescentianus, a Roman knight, and ten others suffered martyrdom at Tifernum. The first-known bishop of this see was Ennodius, present at a Roman council in 465 under Pope Hilary. At the time of the Ostrogothic sack of the city by Fantalogus (550), the bishop was Florius, later a friend of St. Gregory the Great. In 711 Lombard Arians put to death the Catholic bishop of the city, Albertus, and his deacon Britius. Città di Castello is the birthplace of Pope Celestine II (1143-44).
Though the city did not produce any artists of the first rank, the young Raphael painted his ''Sp[ozalizio'' (now in Milan) for the city.
The city is mostly built of brick, since it has been found that the local sandstone erodes very rapidly. Its principal monuments include the medieval ''Palazzo Comunale'' and a tall thin city tower nearby, the ''Torre Comunale'', also medieval; and the ''Pinacoteca Comunale'', an art museum with mostly Renaissance works, although notable for its external decoration by Giorgio Vasari.
The much reworked cathedral (''Duomo''), now essentially eighteenth century, has among its treasures an altar-front (''paliotto'') of chiselled silver dating to the twelfth century, and a crosier of the fifteenth. The Museo del Duomo, or cathedral museum, is famous for the Canoscio hoard, a set of Late Antique silver spoons and plates with Christian motifs. The city has memorialized the abstract painter and sculptor Alberto Burri, who was born in Città di Castello, with the "Fondazione Palazzo Albizzini Collezione Burri" housing a large permanent museum of his works in the former Palazzo Albizzini.
For persons from the city, see . In addition, the following are believed to have had a local connection, usually through long residence there:
★ Pliny the Younger
★ Pope Celestine II
★ Filippo Titi
★ Monica Bellucci
★ Vitellozzo Vitelli
★ Alberto Burri
==''Frazioni''
Notes==
1. The name distinguished it from Tifernum Mataurense and Tifernum on the Sannio. (''Guida d'Italia'')
★ [1]
★ Touring Club Italiano, 1966. ''Guida d'Italia: Umbria'' pp136-42.
★ Official homepage (in Italian) (in English)
★ Bill Thayer's site
★ Basic information at Umbria Online (in English)
★ Umbria Travel:Città di Castello
'Città di Castello' is a town in the province of Perugia, in the northern part of the Umbria region of Italy. It is situated on a slope of the Apennines, on the upper part of the flood plain of the nearby river Tiber. The city lies north from Perugia (46 km) and south from Cesena (104 km) on the S3bis. It is connected to the A1 Rome-Florence highway by the SS 73 from Arezzo.
History
The town may have been Etruscan; the Romans knew it as '''Tifernum Tiberinum''' ("Tifernum on the Tiber")[1] or Civitas Tiberina. Pliny the Younger built nearby a magnificent villa supported by extensive land holdings, his ''villa in Tuscis'', which is identified with walls, mosaic floors and marble fragments at a place now called Colle Plinio.
In 550 it was taken and largely destroyed during the Ostrogothic campaign by Fantalogus, by order of Totila. The town was subsequently rebuilt under the direction of its bishop, Floridus, around a castle, and hence renamed first Castrum Felicitatis and later Civitas Castelli. By the donation of the Frankish king Pepin the Short in 752, it became subject to the Holy See, though in practice it was disputed between the papacy, Perugia and Florence. Local lords disputed its possession, which settled in the family of the Vitelli, even after Cesare Borgia attached the city more directly to the Holy See.
In subsequent centuries it was under various rulers, among them Pier Saccone di Pietramala. In the later Middle Ages it was governed successively by the Guelphs and Ghibellines. In 1375 Città di Castello joined in the insurrection of other cities of the States of the Church. Cardinal Robert of Geneva (later antipope as Clement VII), undertook to recapture it with Breton mercenaries, but was repulsed. Under pope Martin V it was taken by the condottiero Braccio da Montone (1420). Later Nicolò Vitelli, helped by Florence and Milan, became absolute ruler or tiranno. Antonio da Sangallo the Younger built for the Vitelli family an extensive palace.
In 1474 Sixtus IV sent thither his nephew, Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere (later Julius II); after fruitless negotiations he laid siege to the city, but Vitelli did not surrender until he learned that the command of the army had been given to Duke Federico III da Montefeltro. The following year Vitelli tried unsuccesefully to recapture the city; fear of Cesare Borgia alone induced him to desist, before Cesare Borgia had the patrianch of the Vitelli strangled and Città di Castello added to the papal possessions.
Towards the end of the twentieth century, the city has seen a considerable expansion northwards toward S. Giustino, with industrial parks tracking the river, railroad and main highway: the area produces farm machinery, textiles, ceramics and furnishings.
Ecclesiastical history
During the persecution of Diocletian —according to legend— St. Crescentianus, a Roman knight, and ten others suffered martyrdom at Tifernum. The first-known bishop of this see was Ennodius, present at a Roman council in 465 under Pope Hilary. At the time of the Ostrogothic sack of the city by Fantalogus (550), the bishop was Florius, later a friend of St. Gregory the Great. In 711 Lombard Arians put to death the Catholic bishop of the city, Albertus, and his deacon Britius. Città di Castello is the birthplace of Pope Celestine II (1143-44).
Though the city did not produce any artists of the first rank, the young Raphael painted his ''Sp[ozalizio'' (now in Milan) for the city.
Main sights
The city is mostly built of brick, since it has been found that the local sandstone erodes very rapidly. Its principal monuments include the medieval ''Palazzo Comunale'' and a tall thin city tower nearby, the ''Torre Comunale'', also medieval; and the ''Pinacoteca Comunale'', an art museum with mostly Renaissance works, although notable for its external decoration by Giorgio Vasari.
The much reworked cathedral (''Duomo''), now essentially eighteenth century, has among its treasures an altar-front (''paliotto'') of chiselled silver dating to the twelfth century, and a crosier of the fifteenth. The Museo del Duomo, or cathedral museum, is famous for the Canoscio hoard, a set of Late Antique silver spoons and plates with Christian motifs. The city has memorialized the abstract painter and sculptor Alberto Burri, who was born in Città di Castello, with the "Fondazione Palazzo Albizzini Collezione Burri" housing a large permanent museum of his works in the former Palazzo Albizzini.
Famous inhabitants
For persons from the city, see . In addition, the following are believed to have had a local connection, usually through long residence there:
★ Pliny the Younger
★ Pope Celestine II
★ Filippo Titi
★ Monica Bellucci
★ Vitellozzo Vitelli
★ Alberto Burri
==''Frazioni''
Antirata, Astucci, Badia di Petroia, Badiali, Barzotti, Baucca San Martino d'Upò, Belvedere, Bisacchi, Bonsciano, Caifirenze, Candeggio, Canoscio, Capitana, Celle, Cerbara, Colcello, Coldipozzo, Cornetto, Croce di Castiglione, Fabbrecce, Fiume, Fraccano, Grumale, Lerchi, Lugnano, Madonna di Canoscio, Montemaggiore, Morra, Muccignano, Palazzone, Petrelle, Piosina, Promano, Rio Secco, Roccagnano, Ronti, Rovigliano, San Leo Bastia, San Lorenzo Bibbiana, San Maiano, San Martin Pereto, San Pietro a Monte, San Secondo, Santa Lucia, Scalocchio, Terme di Fontecchio, Trestina, Uppiano, Userna, Userna Bassa, Valdipetrina, Vallurbana, Vingone, Volterrano.
Notes==1. The name distinguished it from Tifernum Mataurense and Tifernum on the Sannio. (''Guida d'Italia'')
Sources and external links
★ [1]
★ Touring Club Italiano, 1966. ''Guida d'Italia: Umbria'' pp136-42.
★ Official homepage (in Italian) (in English)
★ Bill Thayer's site
★ Basic information at Umbria Online (in English)
★ Umbria Travel:Città di Castello
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