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'Timur Shah Durrani' (1748 - May 18, 1793) was ruler of Khorasan from October 16, 1772, until his death in 1793.^[1] He was the second son of Ahmad Shah Durrani and the second king of the Durrani Empire.
Timur Shah had a quick rise to power by marrying the daughter of Mughal Emperor Alamgir II. He received Sirhind as a wedding gift and later his father (Ahmad Shah Durrani) made him governor of Punjab, Kashmir and the Sirhind district in 1757 when he was only 9 years old. He ruled from Lahore under the regency of his Wazir, general Jahan Khan, who administered these territories for approximately one year, from May 1757 until April 1758. Timur Shah and Jahan were never able to establish law and order.
Adina Beg Khan, governor of the Julundur Doab, along with Raghunath Rao leading the Maratha empire, forced Timur Shah and Jahan from Punjab and put in place their own government under Adina Beg Khan. In 1759, Ahmad Shah Durrani finally conquered Punjab, invading with a force of 60,000 Afghans against the Marathas 45,000 men. The conflict reached its conclusion in the Battle of Panipat on January 14, 1761. The deciding factor was not the numerical superiority. As usual with the Mongols, it was their discipline, their firepower, their communications, and their mobility that proved decisive. The Marathas were given a humiliating defeat which cost them the flower of their youth as well as 50,000 horses. They were not to recover from the blow.
When Timur Shah succeeded his father in 1772, the regional chieftains only reluctantly accepted him, and most of his reign was spent fighting a civil war to resist rebellion. During his reign, the Durrani Empire began to crumble forcing the move of its capital from Kandahar to Kabul in 1776.
Timur Shah died in 1793, and was then succeeded by his fifth son Zaman Shah Durrani.

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References

1. Timur Shah, ruler of Afghanistan

External links

★ Britannica - Timur Shah (ruler of Afghanistan

★ An old portrait of Timur Shah Durrani

★ The British Library - Chronology: from the emergence of the Afghan Kingdom to the Mission of Mountstuart Elphistone, 1747-1809