'TransLink', officially known as the 'Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority', is a transportation organization that services transportation needs of the
Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) in
British Columbia,
Canada.
TransLink was created in 1998 (then only known as the Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority or GVTA) and fully implemented in April 1999 by the
Government of British Columbia to replace
BC Transit in the GVRD, and take over many of the transportation responsibilities that previously were responsibilities of the provincial government. It is responsible for various modes of transportation in the
Greater Vancouver Area. Some of these operations extend into the
Fraser Valley Regional District (FVRD).
Transit
Schedule booklets, with a booklet for each region (including a separate one for
West Vancouver Blue Bus). The booklets cover buses, SkyTrain, SeaBus, community shuttles and West Coast Express.
Buses
Buses are operated by two companies in Greater Vancouver.
Coast Mountain Bus Company (a subsidiary of TransLink) operates regular transit buses—powered by diesel or natural gas—in most of the region's municipalities, as well as trolleybuses primarily within the City of Vancouver. The District Municipality of
West Vancouver owns and operates the
Blue Bus system serving West Vancouver and
Lions Bay. The schedules, fares, and routes of both of these systems are integrated with the other transit systems by TransLink.
Within the City of Vancouver, buses run on a grid system, with most trolleybus routes operating radially out of
Downtown and along north-south arteries, and most diesel buses providing east-west crosstown service (with the
University of British Columbia (UBC) as their western terminus). Outside of the city boundaries, most buses operate on a
hub-and-spoke system along feeder routes that connect with
SkyTrain,
SeaBus, or
West Coast Express, or with express bus routes that travel directly to Downtown Vancouver or to other regional centres.
One of the new fleet of trolley buses introduced in 2006.
Three high-capacity, high-frequency
B-Line express routes use diesel
articulated buses, rounding out the interregional backbone provided by SkyTrain, SeaBus, and West Coast Express. (For more information, see
97 B-Line,
98 B-Line, or
99 B-Line.)
The electric trolley buses operate on major routes in the city of Vancouver with one route extending to neighbouring Burnaby. Most trolley bus routes in Vancouver operate in a north-south direction. They get electricity from an extensive network of overhead wires. Beginning in the fall of 2006, TransLink began operating a new generation of electric
trolley buses, replacing the old models built in the early 1980s. The new trolley buses have low floors, replacing the old high-floor models, and are fully wheelchair-accessible.
Many of the local routes are run with buses manufactured by
New Flyer, a company based in
Winnipeg. The longer suburban routes depend on
Orion coaches with high-back seats and luggage racks. In addition, there are a few diesel-electric hybrid buses and natural-gas buses that are undergoing testing, with an additional order of natural-gas buses scheduled for delivery in mid-2006.
In 2007 - all TransLink buses will operate on a "proof of payment" basis - one may not be required to show a pass or transfer when boarding the bus but would be required to show it to a transit official (mainly the Transit Police Service)
[1] Fare inspections will be conducted by Constables from the Transit Police, and Officers from Transit Security. Failure to pay the fare or retain proof of payment will result in being ejected from the bus and fined $173.
TransLink also operates a late night bus service called
NightBus, which have a series of routes starting downtown and running to different parts of the city plus many
suburbs.
:''See also:
List of bus routes in Greater Vancouver.''
SkyTrain
Main articles: SkyTrain (Vancouver)
Metrotown in Burnaby is a high traffic SkyTrain station.
Originally completed in 1985 as a transit showcase for
Expo 86, the
SkyTrain automated
rapid transit network has become an important transportation system. SkyTrain's
Expo Line now operates from downtown
Vancouver through southern
Burnaby,
New Westminster, and into
Surrey. There was further expansion in the completion of the
Millennium Line (opened in 2002), linking eastern New Westminster and northern Burnaby to Vancouver. The line was also expected to eventually branch north-east through
Coquitlam and
Port Coquitlam, but this proposal has since been replaced with plans for the
Evergreen Line, a street-level
light rail line. SkyTrain is operated by British Columbia Rapid Transit Company Ltd., a subsidiary of TransLink.
The
Canada Line (formerly known as the Richmond-Airport-Vancouver Line), currently being built, will run underground through the city and then along an elevated guideway on two branches, one to
Richmond and one terminating at
Vancouver International Airport; since it will not be using linear induction motors it will not bear the SkyTrain name, thus will use different trains incompatible with the existing SkyTrain network. The new line will not share track or tunnels with the existing SkyTrain network, but it will connect with SkyTrain at
Waterfront Station in Downtown Vancouver.
Commuter rail
West Coast Express is a
commuter railway connecting Vancouver to communities of the GVRD and FVRD north of the
Fraser River to
Mission. It is operated by a subsidiary of TransLink.
Ferries
SeaBus is a passenger ferry service across
Burrard Inlet between Vancouver and the
North Shore municipalities that is operated by Coast Mountain Bus Company and is integrated with the transit system. The
Albion ferry is a free automobile ferry service between
Langley Township and
Maple Ridge across the Fraser River.
Transit fares
TransLink Fare Map
Below are the fare prices in
Canadian Dollars:
| Fare type | 'One Zone' | 'Two Zones' | 'Three Zones' |
| Adult | $2.25 | $3.25 | $4.50 |
| Concession | $1.50 | $2.00 | $3.00 |
Concession fares apply to children between 5 and 13, seniors 65+, and high school students 14-19 with a valid student identification card from a school in Greater Vancouver (known as GoCard). Children ages 4 and under ride for free. Zone fares apply weekdays before 6:30 pm; during the evening and on weekends, passengers can travel throughout the system on a one-zone fare. University students receive a
U-Pass, which is included as part of their school fees and is good for three-zones.
Failing to pay the fare is an offence under the Transit Conduct and Safety Regulations. Persons found without vaild fare will be served with a Provincial Violation Ticket of $173. Fare Inspections are conducted by Constables from the Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority Police Service, and Officers from Transit Security.
Transit police
TransLink replaced in-house security operations with a full fledged police force in December 2005. The
Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority Police Service replaced the former TransLink
special constables. The move was not without controversy, as some riders objected to armed officers patrolling the system. A court case in which a woman was awarded $52,000 for allegedly being beaten by a flashlight-wielding officer, in an incident that occurred before the transition, confirmed such fears for some.
[2] In contrast to the former TransLink specials, GVTAPS Constables have full police powers.
Coast Mountain Bus Company also has its own Security Department. Officers from Transit Security are mobile, ride buses, and patrol Translink Properties. They are not the same as the GVTAPS, although they work closely together to ensure a safe Transit system. Officers from Transit Security are authorized to arrest persons committing criminal offences on or in relation to any Translink Property. Officers from Transit Security are also authorized to enforce Transit Conduct and Safety Regulations, pursuant to the Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority Act. The Security Department will be growing as the 2010 Olympic Winter Games approach.
On
November 14,
2006, the Canadian government announced the approval of $37 million for improvements to transit security across Canada, including $9.8 million for the Vancouver area, although no details have been released as to how it will be spent.
[3]
Livery
Shortly after its inception, the TransLink board of directors approved to replace the old colours of BC Transit with TransLink's new blue and yellow colour scheme or livery. It also created brands for all the different services, with them all having different designs but the same colours, with the exception of the
West Coast Express. They decided against changing the purple to blue since it was close enough with the yellow, and the purple and yellow creates a premium branding over the blue and yellow. Repainting all the vehicles has not incurred any additional costs as it is being done during regular maintenance repaints or new vehicle purchases. As of when it was approved, TransLink estimated it would take until the end of the year 2007 before the entire fleet was be converted to the new livery.
Roads
TransLink is also responsible for the major road network in the Lower Mainland. This is generally the major (non-highway) arteries that are used by those going from one municipality to another. This includes 2,200 lane km of roadways and the
Knight Street Bridge,
Pattullo Bridge,
Westham Island Bridge and the future
Golden Ears Bridge. For major projects, Translink co-ordinates and funds the projects. For minor projects, Translink contributes half of the costs of projects which are spearheaded by municipalities, up to the maximum funding allocated to the specific municipality.
Transit-related improvements
A growing network of cycling paths exists throughout the region. Translink allocates each city funding for transit capital improvements such as transit priority signals, queue-jumping lanes for buses, and bus lanes. Translink contributes half of the costs of projects which are spearheaded by municipalities, up to the maximum funding allocated to the specific municipality.
Cycling
Translink allocates each city funding for cycling capital improvements such as bike paths on matching system. Translink contributes half of the costs of projects which are spearheaded by municipalities, up to the maximum funding allocated to the specific municipality.
Translink provides online maps of the area's cycling network on its website.
Many buses operated by Translink already have bike racks and the whole bus fleet will eventually have bike racks. Bikes are also allowed on the Seabus. Bikes are allowed on Skytrain except during rush hour in the peak direction (inbound to Vancouver in the morning rush hour, outbound from Vancouver in the evening rush hour).
Emission control
AirCare is a regionally mandated automobile emissions program and is operated by a subsidiary of TransLink. Translink plans to phase out the program by 2011.
Accessibility
Though there have been improvements,
wheelchair-
accessibility remains a problem on parts of the system. Accessibility issues will become particularly important for the company with the hosting of the
Paralympic Winter Games in 2010. Because of this, Translink has undertaken the
Access Transit Project with a final report due to the Translink board in mid 2006.
Buses
Currently, while most diesel buses on regular routes are accessible by specially designed lifts or
ramps, some
bus stops are considered inaccessible if there is deemed to be insufficient room to deploy the lifts/ramps, and some trips on some routes are run as non-accessible for various reasons. Occasional equipment problems have been an issue as well.
In addition, some wheelchair users have complained that drivers sometimes fail to board wheelchairs before other passengers, which results in difficulties boarding, turning, and parking in the designated wheelchair areas. Since there is only space for two wheelchairs on each accessible bus, and since the wheelchair area is also used for
walkers and
baby strollers, at busy times wheelchair users sometimes have to wait for several buses to go by before they can board.
New fare boxes introduced on all the buses have also met with complaints from many wheelchair users, since their size and placement makes it difficult for users of certain types of chairs or
electric scooters to manoeuvre around them.
In August 2006, TransLink began replacing its entire fleet of inaccessible electric
trolley buses with
low-floor trolley buses: 188 standard 12.2 metre (40 foot) vehicles. In mid 2008, it will introduce 40 articulated 18.3 metre (60 foot) buses. Since these buses are the only transit vehicles that cover certain routes, including almost the entire
West End, most of Downtown, and several major transit corridors, this means that entire areas are without accessible transit, and people with mobility problems must use
taxis or
HandyDART (see below) or go far out of their way as a result.
SkyTrain
While all SkyTrain vehicles are themselves accessible (each older Mark I car has one wheelchair designated spot, the newer Mark II cars have two), three SkyTrain stations are not fully accessible. The stations with accessibility issues are
Columbia Station and
Scott Road Station. Beginning in April 2006,
Sapperton Station is not accessible due to construction of near-by residential building, which will close the station entrance ramp (but not the stairs) for twelve to fourteen months.
Elevator problems have also been a concern, with work on elevators at some stations making them inaccessible for up to a month at a time. In addition, while many of the elevators at the new stations along the
Millennium Line are bright and glass enclosed, some elevators at older stations are small, dark, and removed from main entrances and exits, giving rise to concerns for personal safety.
HandyDART
HandyDART is a supplementary system that provides transit to those who are unable to use the regular system due to mobility problems or a lack of accessible transit. HandyDART service is operated by seven different contractors in Greater Vancouver, which are generally not-for-profit corporations.
HandyDART users must apply for a pass, and must also pay for each trip. Trip must be pre-booked, up to one week in advance, and are subject to availability for the desired time. Each contractor operates regionally, meaning that it is not always possible to take HandyDART for the entire intended trip (for example, from Burnaby to Vancouver), but only part way. In addition, some riders have been refused permission to use the system as they have been deemed "too independent."
TransLink board of directors
The TransLink board is made up of 12 members appointed by the Greater Vancouver Regional District, representing the municipalities in the Greater Vancouver. The provincial government has the option of appointing three members to the board as well, but in 2001 the incumbent appointees resigned, citing conflict of interest with their positions as members of the
Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Since that time, the provincial government has declined to name any representatives to the board.
The current members of the board, appointed on
January 6,
2006, are:
★ Mayor Kurt Alberts,
Langley Township
★ Councillor
Suzanne Anton,
Vancouver
★ Mayor Malcolm Brodie,
Richmond (chair)
★ Mayor Derek Corrigan,
Burnaby
★ Councillor Marvin Hunt,
Surrey
★ Councillor
Peter Ladner,
Vancouver
★ Mayor
Sam Sullivan,
Vancouver
★ Mayor Joe Trasolini,
Port Moody
★ Mayor Maxine Wilson,
Coquitlam
★ Mayor Dianne Watts,
Surrey
★ Mayor Richard Walton,
North Vancouver District
★ Mayor Scott Young,
Port Coquitlam
The conflicting interests of the board members, whose primary responsibility is to the electors in their municipality, often causes problems. Most board members are from suburban municipalities, whereas the heaviest transit users are in the City of Vancouver. Citizens of all GVRD municipalities fund Translink through their fuel and property taxes, while citizens of the City of Vancouver, due higher population densities, enjoy many more transit routes as well as much more frequent transit service than citizens living outside the city. As a result of the conflict, the provincial government decided to evaluate the structure of the board and to produce a report with recommendations on improving governance.
2007 reorganization
On
March 8,
2007, BC Minister of Transportation
Kevin Falcon announced a restructuring of TransLink. Major changes include new revenue generating measures, a restructuring of the executive of the body, and increases in the area under TransLink's jurisdiction.
[ Translink Governance Review ][ Major TransLink overhaul coming ]
The reorganized TransLink will feature the following characteristics
[:]
★ TransLink will have the authority to generate revenue by controlling development of land near and around transit stations, including overriding local municipal land use planning.
★ The current board will be replaced by a "Council of Mayors" from the municipalities in the area served by TransLink, a board of non-political experts appointed by the provincial government, and an Independent Commissioner of Translink appointed by the "Council of Mayors."
★ The Provincial Government will set the regional transportation vision.
★ The Board will guide the operation of Translink as per the 3 and 10 year transportation plans. They will also develop the options for 3 year and 10 year plans; one option will be a base option which maintains the status quo.
★ The "Council of Mayors" will vote on which 3 year and 10 year transportation plan options to adopt. Mayors will receive one vote per 20,000 people or portion thereof in their jurisdiction.
★ The Translink Independent Commissioner will ensure that the Translink's 3 and 10 year transportation plans are consistent with the regional transportation vision set by the Provincial Government.
★ TransLink's jurisduction is initially planned to be expanded with the inclusion of Mission, Abbotsford, and Squamish. In the long-term, this may be expanded to include the area along the Sea-to-Sky Highway as far north as Pemberton and east into the Fraser Valley to Hope.
★ Translink will be funded using an approximate ratio of 1/3 of revenue from fuel taxes, 1/3 of revenue from property taxes, and 1/3 of revenue from other non-government sources (e.g., fares, advertising, property development).
★ Translink will be able increase funding from fuel tax from 12 cents per litre to 15 cents per litre.
★ Translink will increase funding by raising property taxes, parking sales taxes, and other sources of revenues (e.g., fares, property development).
★ Translink will eliminate the parking tax (different from parking sales tax) and BC Hydro transportation levy.
★ AirCare will be removed from the scope of Translink and will become the responsibility of the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD).
★ The Provincial Government will continue to contribute toward rapid transit projects, but funding will be contingent on municipalities increasing the zone for population density around the planned rapid transit stations.
Falcon had previously called the current board "dysfunctional"[ and also that the members of the board of directors were too focused on the interests of their own municipality instead of the broader interests of the GVRD.][ TransLink shake-up in the works ] According to Falcon, the board of directors had "... no ability there to develop the skill-set to understand major, multi-billion projects."
New Democratic Party of British Columbia critic David Chudnovsky responded, saying that the idea was "ludicrous" and that, according to him, the purpose of the reorganization was "to get power away from our elected municipal politicians because once in a while they disagree with the aggressive privatization agenda of Mr. Falcon".[ Chudnovsky was also worried about the consequences of a property development slowdown.]
On April 26th, 2007, legislation was introduced by B.C.'s provincial government to restructure TransLink. The proposed replacement will be known as the South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority.[4]
References
1. http://translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news05090701.asp
2. [1]
3. [2]
4. New transit authority 'assault on democracy': Louie
External links
★ TransLink home page
★ Westham Bridge
★ Vancouver Bridges
★ 10-Year Master Plan (pdf)
★ Vancouver Transit Map in Google
★ Transit History in Vancouver
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