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'Trebinje' (Cyrillic: Требиње) is the southern-most municipality and town in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in southeastern Herzegovina at , some 10km from the Adriatic Sea.

Contents

History

Geography

Demographics

Municipality

Town

Sports

Notable people

References

External links

History

The toponym Trebinje comes from a medieval term Travunia. Trebinje was built by the Slavs, probably on the site of a Roman town laid waste by the Saracens in 840. In the mid-10th century Constantine Porphyrogenitus mentioned it under the name of ''Terbunia''. It commanded the road from Ragusa to Constantinople, traversed, in 1096, by Raymond of Toulouse and his crusaders. Under the name of ''Tribunia'' or ''Travunja'' (the Trebigne of the Ragusans), it belonged to the Serbian Empire until 1355. Trebinje became a part of the expanded Medieval Bosnian state under Tvrtko I in 1373. There is a medieval tower in Gornje Police (Gornye Politse) whose construction is often attributed to Vuk Branković. The old Tvrdoš Monastery dates back to the 15th century.
In 1482, together with the rest of Herzegovina (see: Herzog Stjepan Vukčić Kosača), it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire. The Old Town-Kastel was built by Turks on location of the medieval fortress of Ban Vir, on the western bank of the Trebišnjica River. The city walls, the Old Town square, and two mosques, were built in beginning of the 18th century by Resulbegovic family. The Arslanagić bridge was originally built (16th century) at the village of Arslanagic, 5km north of the town, by Mehmed-paša Sokolović, and it was managed by Arslanagic family. It was moved closer to Trebinje (1km) in the late 1960's. The Arslanagic bridge is one of the most attractive Turkish bridges in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It has two large and two small semicircular arches.
During the period of Austro-Hungarian administration (1878-1918) the several fortifications were built on the surrounding hills, and there was a garrison based in the town. They also modernized the town expanding it westwards, building the present main street, as well as, several squares, park, new schools, tobacco plantations, etc.
Trebinje strongly grew in the era of Tito's Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia between 1945 and 1990. It especially developed its hydroelectric potential (Hydroelectricity) with its, dams, artificial lakes, tunnels, and several hydroelectric plants. This industrial development brought large increase in urban population of Trebinje.

Geography

The town lies on the Trebišnjica River in Southeastern Herzegovina, some 24km by road from the city of Dubrovnik (Croatia) on the Adriatic Sea. There are several mills along the river, as well as several bridges, including 2 in Trebinje itself, and a historic Ottoman Arslanagic bridge nearby. The river is heavily exploited for hydro-energy. After it passees through the Popovo polje area (South-West of the town), which always floods in winter, it naturally runs underground to the Adriatic Sea, near Dubrovnik in Croatia.
There is an Orthodox church in Trebinje, Saborna Crkva, as well as a new monastery, Trebinje Gracanica, located above the town, on the historic hill known as Crkvina, while nearby is also (what is now an Episcopal church) Tvrdoš Monastery, dating back to the 15th century. Trebinje is also home to the Catholic Cathedral of the Birth of Mary. The town largely escaped damage during the war, but Ottoman architecture was destroyed (Resulbegovic Historic House, Sultan's Mosque). The Osman-Pasha (Resulbegovic) Mosque of Trebinje was rebuilt by the returned Bosnian Muslim
(Bosniak) community and inaugurated in July 2005.
Trebinje is the seat of the Catholic Bishopric of Trebinje-Mrkan.
The local football club is FK Leotar Trebinje.

Demographics

According to the 1910 census, the absolute majority in the Trebinje municipality were Eastern Orthodox Christians (71.38%).

Municipality

{| class=wikitable
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
! Census year !! Total !! Serbs
{See: Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina} !! Muslims by nationality !! Croats
{See: Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina} !! Yugoslavs !! Others
|-
| align="center" | 1991 || 30,996 || 21,349 (68.87%) || 5,571 (17.97%) || 1,246 (4.01%) || 1,642 (5.29%) || 1,188 (3.83%)
|-
| align="center" | 1981 || 30,372 || 18,123 (59.67%) || 4,405 (14.50%) || 2,309 (7.60%) || 4,154 (13.67%) || 1,381 (4.54%)
|-
| align="center" | 1971 || 29,024 || 19,362 (66.71%) || 4,846 (16.69%) || 3,350 (11.54%) || 424 (1.46%) || 1,042 (3.60%)
|}

Town

{| class=wikitable
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
! Census year !! Total !! Serbs
{See: Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina} !! Muslims by nationality !! Croats
{See: Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina} !! Yugoslavs !! Others
|-
| align="center" | 1991 || 21,870 || 14,915 (68.19%) || 4,228 (19.33%) || 347 (1.58%) || 1,470 (6.72%) || 910 (4.18%)
|}

Sports

The local football club, FK Leotar Trebinje, plays in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
==Settlements of Trebinje municipality, 1991.==
total: 178
Aranđelovo, Arbanaška, Arslanagića Most, Baljivac, Baonine, Begović Kula, Belenići, Bihovo, Bijelač, Bijograd, Bioci, Bobovišta, Bodiroge, Bogojević Selo, Borilovići, Brani Do, Brova, Budoši, Bugovina, Cerovac, Cicina, Cicrina, Čavaš, Čopice, Čvaljina, Čvarići, Desin Selo, Diklići, Djedići, Do, Dobromani, Dodanovići, Dolovi, Domaševo, Donja Kočela, Donje Čičevo, Donje Grančarevo, Donje Vrbno, Donji Orahovac, Dračevo, Dražin Do, Drijenjani, Dubljani, Dubočani, Duži, Dvrsnica, Glavinići, Glavska, Gojšina, Gola Glavica, Golubinac, Gomiljani, Gornja Kočela, Gornje Čičevo, Gornje Grančarevo, Gornje Vrbno, Gornji Orahovac, Gorogaše, Grab, Grbeši, Grbići, Grebci, Grkavci, Grmljani, Hum, Ivanica, Janjač, Jasen, Jasenica Lug, Jazina, Jušići, Kalađurđevići, Kijev Do, Klikovići, Klobuk, Konjsko, Korlati, Kotezi, Kovačina, Kraj, Krajkovići, Kremeni Do, Krnjevići, Kučići, Kunja Glavica, Kutina, Lapja, Lastva, Lokvice, Lomači, Lug, Lušnica, Ljekova, Ljubovo, Marić Međine, Mesari, Mionići, Morče, Mosko, Mrkonjići, Mrnjići, Necvijeće, Nenovići, Nevada, Nikontovići, Ograde, Orah, Orahov Do, Orašje Popovo, Orašje Površ, Orašje Zupci, Parojska Njiva, Petrovići, Pijavice, Podosoje, Podstrašivica, Podštirovnik, Podvori, Poljice Čičevo, Poljice Popovo, Prhinje, Pridvorci, Prosjek, Rapti Bobani, Rapti Zupci, Rasovac, Ravno, Rupni Do, Sedlari, Skočigrm, Slavogostići, Slivnica Bobani, Slivnica Površ, Sparožići, Staro Slano, Strujići, Šarani, Šćenica Bobani, Šćenica Ljubomir, Taleža, Todorići, Trebijovi, Trebimlja, Trebinje, Trnčina, Tuli, Tulje, Turani, Turica, Turmenti, Tvrdoš, Ubla, Ugarci, Ukšići, Uskoplje, Uvjeća, Veličani, Velja Gora, Velja Međa, Vladušići, Vlaka, Vlasače, Vlaška, Volujac, Vrpolje Ljubomir, Vrpolje Zagora, Vučija, Vukovići, Začula, Zagora, Zagradinje, Zaplanik, Zavala, Zgonjevo, Žakovo, Ždrijelovići, Željevo and Župa.
In former Trebinje municipality from 1991. census, today there is two municipalities: Trebinje in Republic of Srpska and Ravno in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Notable people

★ Jovan Dučić - Serbian poet and diplomat

★ Nikola Kovač - Ambassador of Bosnia and Herzegovina to France (1993-2000)

★ Izet Hajdarhodžić (1929-2006) - Actor

★ Asmir Begović

★ Srđan Aleksić

★ Vladimir Radmanović NBA player

★ Nataša Ninković Actress

References

★ ''Treasures of Yugoslavia'', published by Yugoslaviapublic Beograd, Belgrade 1980

External links

★ Trebinje Municipality

★ Trebinje Internet portal

★ Trebinje today - Daily news

★ Glas Hercegovine

★ Glas Trebinja