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'''Troilus and Criseyde''' is Geoffrey Chaucer's poem in rhyme royal (''rime royale'') re-telling the tragic love story of Troilus, a Trojan prince, and Criseyde. Many Chaucer scholars regard this as his best work, even including the better known but incomplete ''Canterbury Tales.''
''Troilus and Criseyde'' is an example of a courtly romance, and although it does contain many common features of the genre, generic classification is an area of significant debate in most Middle English literature. The character Troilus is mentioned once in Homer as a valiant son of Priam who died in combat, but the actual story is of Medieval origins and first written by Benoît de Sainte-Maure in his poem ''Roman de Troie''; Boccaccio re-wrote the story in his ''Il Filostrato'' which in turn was Chaucer's main source. Shakespeare's ''Troilus and Cressida'' was based in part on Chaucer's poem.
The poem was continued by Robert Henryson in his ''Testament of Cresseid'' wherein Henryson, displeased by Chaucer's rather humane treatment of Criseyde, is determined to punish her more openly for her unfaithfulness.
The relationship between Chaucer's ''Troilus'' and his source material (''Il Filostrato'') is discussed extensively by C.S. Lewis in ''The Allegory of Love''. Briefly, Chaucer's poem reflects a less cynical and less misogynistic world-view than Boccaccio's; his Pandarus is well-intentioned and his Criseyde sincere but fearful, rather than simply fickle. The sadness of the story is also lightened by humour.

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★ ''Troilus and Criseyde''