TULANE UNIVERSITY

'Tulane University' is a private, nonsectarian, coeducational research university located in New Orleans, Louisiana. Founded as a public medical college in 1834, the school grew into a full university and was eventually privatized under the endowments of Paul Tulane and Josephine Louise Newcomb in the late 19th century. It is the only American university that has been converted from a public institution to a private institution.^[3]
Tulane is an American research university. Particularly noted are its programs in architecture, international development, philosophy, political economy, Latin American studies (ranked second in the country by the Gourman Report^[4]), as well as its graduate schools of law, business and medicine.

History

Founding/early history

The University dates from 1834 as the ''Medical College of Louisiana''.¹ With the addition of a law department, it became ''The University of Louisiana'' in 1847,¹ a public university. 1851, saw the establishment of an Academic Department, the forerunner of the College of Arts and Sciences. Two significant scientific innovations were made by faculty at the University at this time.^[5] J. Lawrence Smith invented the inverted microscope in 1850,^[6] and John L. Riddell invented the first practical microscope to allow binocular viewing through a single objective lens in 1851.^[7]
The University closed for three years during the Civil War; after reopening, it went through a period of financial challenges. Paul Tulane donated extensive real estate within New Orleans for the support of education; this donation led to the establishment of a Tulane Educational Fund (TEF), whose board of administrators sought to support the University of Louisiana instead of establishing a new university. In response, through the influence of former Civil War general Randall Lee Gibson, the Louisiana state legislature transferred control of the University of Louisiana to the administrators of the TEF in 1884.¹ This act created the Tulane University of Louisiana.
In 1885, a Graduate Division started, the predecessor to the Graduate School. One year later, gifts from Josephine Louise Newcomb totaling over $3.6 million led to the establishment of H. Sophie Newcomb Memorial College within Tulane University. Newcomb was the first coordinate college for women in the United States.
In 1894 a College of Technology formed, the forerunner to the College of Engineering. In the same year the university moved to its present-day uptown campus on St. Charles Avenue, five miles by streetcar from downtown.

The 20th century

In 1901, the cornerstone was laid for the F.W. Tilton Library, endowed by the New Orleans businessman and philanthropist
Frederick William Tilton (1821–1890).
An Architecture Department originated within the College of Technology in 1907. One year later, Schools of Dentistry and Pharmacy appeared, both temporarily: Dentistry ended in 1928, and Pharmacy six years later.
In 1914, Tulane established a College of Commerce, the first business school in the South. Significant dates in Tulane's History
1925 saw the formal establishment of the Graduate School. Two years later, the university set up a School of Social Work, the first in the Deep South region.
The house of Tulane's president on St. Charles Avenue was once the mansion of Sam Zemurray who was the head of the United Fruit Company which became infamous for its exploitation of Latin American countries as "banana republics."
University College dates from 1942. The School of Architecture grew out of Engineering in 1950.
The School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine dates from 1967 and is the oldest school of its kind in the country. Also, Tulane's School of Tropical Medicine is the only of its kind in the country. In the Fall of 2006, the School of Public Health began admitting undergraduate students.
The student-run radio station of the university, WTUL-FM, began broadcasting on campus in 1971.
On April 23, 1975, Gerald R. Ford, Jr., spoke at Tulane University's Fogelman Arena at the invitation of Congressman F. Edward Hebert, the powerful representative of Louisiana’s 1st Congressional District. During the historic speech, Ford announced that the Vietnam War was "finished as far as America is concerned"- one week before the fall of Saigon. Ford drew parallels to the Battle of New Orleans saying that such positive activity could do for America’s morale what the battle did in 1815.^[8]
Tulane once had a football stadium on campus that seated over 80,000 people, held three Super Bowls, and was the home of the New Orleans Saints and the Sugar Bowl. When Tulane Stadium was razed after the construction of the Superdome, workers found a mummy couple underneath the bleachers.^[9] The football team now plays in the Superdome.
During the 1980s, Tulane made the fateful decision not to place a portion of its endowment into the stock market due to the market's volatile nature at the time. This has led to Tulane having to dip into its endowment on a regular basis.
In 1998, the student body of Tulane University voted by referendum to split the Associate Student Body (ASB) Senate into two separate houses, the Undergraduate Student Government (USG) and the Graduate and Professional Student Association (GAPSA). Previous to the split, only one Executive Cabinet was elected and all student government meetings consisted of both undergraduate and graduate students. Now, each house has its own Executive Cabinet and Senate elected by its own students. USG and GAPSA meet separately to issues pertaining to their respective constituencies. However, the Office of the Associated Student Body President remained - the ASB President is a representative of every student on all of Tulane's campuses. This person is still elected by the entire student body of Tulane, both undergraduate and graduate students.
USG and GAPSA come together twice a semester to meet as the ASB Senate, where issues pertaining to the entire Tulane student body are discussed. The meetings of the ASB Senate are presided over by the ASB President.
The ''Jambalaya'', Tulane's yearbook, published annually since 1897, published its last edition (Volume 99) in 1995, due to funding and management problems. In the fall of 2003, the "Jambalaya" was reestablished as a student club, and in the spring of 2004, the centennial edition of the Jambalaya was published. The staff now continues to publish a "Jambalaya" annually.

The 21st century

In 2001 the Tulane Center for Gene Therapy started as the first major center in the U.S. to focus on research using adult stem cells.
In the July 2004, Tulane received two $30 million donations to its endowment, the largest individual or combined gifts in the university's history. The donations came from Jim Clark, a member of the university's Board and founder of Netscape, and David Filo, a graduate of its School of Engineering and co-founder of Yahoo!. The gifts had particular significance, since Tulane had had one of the lowest endowments ($722 million as of June 2004) among the 62 members of the Association of American Universities. In the months following Hurricane Katrina, restrictions were removed from these gifts to ensure the continued financial health of the university. On July 30, 2007, Tulane made a public announcement that its endowment reached $1 billion.

Effects of Hurricane Katrina

As a result of the storm and its effects on New Orleans, Tulane University was closed for the second time in its history—the first being during the Civil War.
Tulane began to publicly respond to the arrival of Hurricane Katrina on August 27, 2005, with an initial plan to close the university until September 1. The following day, that date was extended to "no earlier than" September 7. University officials led a rare evacuation of nearly 400 students (one report said that the number was closer to 700) to Jackson State University, all of whom remained safe after the hurricane's passage and returned to their homes if they were from outside the gulf coast region. This was the second time Tulane's evacuation plan had been used, the first being in September 2004 during Hurricane Ivan. In other recent hurricanes such as Georges in 1998, Tulane simply used its larger dorms as shelters for students.
On August 30, the university reported that "physical damage to the area, including Tulane's campuses, was extensive" and conditions in the city were continuing to deteriorate. Power was out, water levels were rising, all city roads were blocked, and the "vast majority of our workforce" had left the parish in response to the mayor's mandatory evacuation order. By September 1 only a core group of public safety and facilities personnel remained on campus. Tulane president Scott Cowen and an "emergency team" relocated to Houston, Texas to coordinate planning for recovery. Tulane reported that security was being maintained on campus and that students' belongings were safe in the unflooded areas of the dormitories. On September 2, President Cowen announced that the University would cancel classes for the fall semester.
During the storm, Tulane University Hospital & Clinic lost power and received patients from neighboring hospitals and from the Louisiana Superdome. These patients, along with all hospital staff, staff family members present, and patients were evacuated within five days via helicopters from the top floor of a neighboring parking garage. This rescue effort was organized, directed, and paid for by the hospital's parent company, HCA.^[10] On February 14, 2006 it was the first hospital to reopen in downtown New Orleans after the hurricane.^[11]
The American Council on Education and the Association of American Universities urged their member institutions to help displaced students from Tulane and the area's other universities. Dozens of universities made provisions to allow Tulane students (and students from other affected colleges) to enroll as "provisional students" for the fall semester. When the university reopened in the spring, Tulane transferred credits earned by students elsewhere. To further help students graduate on schedule, Tulane offered two academic semesters between January and June 2006. A regular spring term began January 17, with a seven-week "Lagniappe Semester" which ran from May 15 through the end of June.
Tulane School of Medicine relocated its students and essential teaching staff to Houston, Texas, and continued its fall semester at Baylor College of Medicine. This was aided in part by the support of Michael DeBakey, pioneering heart surgeon, graduate of Tulane School of Medicine and chancellor emeritus at Baylor College of Medicine. Students taking the basic science medical courses used the facilities at Baylor, while 3rd and 4th year students did clinical rotations in several of the nearby teaching hospitals located in Houston, Galveston, and Temple. Tulane attempted to keep the medical students together, and discouraged transfer, except in the most extenuating of circumstances. Students were able to request transfers, but many medical schools supported Tulane's attempts to retain their student body and thus their school, although some students were successful in their appeals to transfer. The School of Medicine's stay in Texas ('Tulane West' or 'Tulane at Baylor') ended, with the students and faculty returning to New Orleans in July 2006.
As a result of the plan dismissing so many tenured faculty without what the American Association of University Professors considered "due cause," Tulane, along with three other New Orleans based universities, was censured [1] by the AAUP [2]. Tulane’s responses purportedly showed that the AAUP's draft report was flawed significantly and contained numerous errors of fact, omission and interpretation. Tulane's administration responded that the final version of the AAUP report acknowledges (mostly in footnotes) some of the corrections Tulane offered, and continued to assert that errors and meritless conclusions remain in the final version (contrary to the AAUP's viewpoint). [3]

2005–06 Renewal Plan

Facing a budget shortfall, the Board of Administrators announced a "Renewal Plan" on December 8, 2005 to reduce its annual operating budget and create a "student-centric" campus. At the end of January 2006, the administration reported an estimated $90 to $125 million shortfall for the 2005–06 year. Tulane laid off about 2,000 part-time employees in September and October 2005, 243 non-teaching personnel in November 2005, 230 faculty members in December 2005, and another 200 employees in January 2006.
Under the ''Renewal Plan'', Tulane eliminated six undergraduate and graduate programs in the Engineering School: mechanical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, computer engineering, environmental engineering, and computer science, and also a bachelor's degree in exercise science. The university cut twenty-seven of its forty-five doctoral programs and suspended eight NCAA Division I intercollegiate athletic programs.
For spring 2006 the administration reported that "85 percent of all students" returned. By keeping the school smaller, officials said they will not have to lower admission standards.
The university ''Renewal Plan'' created a single undergraduate co-ed college in July 2006, discontinuing Tulane's liberal arts and sciences coordinate college system that comprised Tulane College (for men) and the H. Sophie Newcomb Memorial College (for women). On March 16, 2006, the board announced establishment of the H. Sophie Newcomb Memorial College Institute, an umbrella organization for extracurricular programs, "to enhance women's education at the university."
Claiming that dissolution of Newcomb College violates conditions on the gifts and will of its founder Josephine Louise Newcomb, Mrs. Newcomb's heirs are suing Tulane to enforce their ancestor's donor's intent. The action, Howard v. Tulane, is now pending in Louisiana District Court.
Critics of the ''Renewal Plan'' charge the school administration of using Katrina as the excuse to push an agenda that would otherwise have been difficult to accomplish. [4]
In response to cutting several engineering degree programs, students, faculty, and alumni started the ''Save Tulane Engineering'' campaign to reinstate the five engineering majors and the separate school. The "American Association of University Professors" expressed concern at the lack of meaningful faculty involvement in crafting the ''Renewal Plan'', as did many students.^[12]
On April 4, 2007, Tulane University announced that the School of Science and Engineering will introduce a new major beginning fall 2007, called engineering physics. The major, the first new engineering major added since the School of Engineering closed in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, is designed to meet the criteria of the Engineering Accreditation Commission, and is geared towards preparing students in quantum physics and nanotechnology.^[13]
On May 8, 2007, Tulane announced that more than 1,375 high school seniors had committed to coming to Tulane University as part of the class of 2011. This increase in enrollment, surpassing 882 students from the class of 2010, and a planned 1,200 students for the class of 2011, marks a strong return in enrollment that nears the level prior to Hurricane Katrina. Tulane will welcome 1,500 new students including 128 transfer students in fall 2007. [5]

Campuses

Gibson Hall at dawn

Tulane's uptown campus, established in the 1890s, occupies over 110 acres (0.4 km²), facing St. Charles Avenue directly opposite Audubon Park. The rear of the uptown campus reaches South Claiborne Avenue, and it is divided by Freret Street. The campus architecture consists of several styles, including Richardsonian Romanesque, Elizabethan, Italian Renaissance, Brutalist Modern, and Ultramodern styles. Though there isn't a coherent building design across the entire campus, most buildings make use of similar materials. The front campus buildings use Indiana White Limestone or orange brick for exteriors, while the middle campus buildings are mostly adorned in red St. Joe brick, the staple of Newcomb College buildings. Loyola University is directly adjacent to Tulane, on the downriver side. The uptown campus is known for its many large live oak trees and architecturally historic buildings.
The front of the Campus, between St. Charles Avenue and Freret Street, is home to most of the schools academic buildings, including the schools of Architecture and Social Work. The centerpiece of the Academic Quad is the first academic building on Tulane's uptown campus, Gibson Hall. The middle of the campus, between Freret and Willow Streets and bisected by McAlister Drive and Newcomb Place, serves as the center of campus activities. The Lavin Bernick Center for University Life (known by students as the UC), Fogelman Arena (home to Tulane's basketball teams), McAlister Auditorium, Howard-Tilton Memorial Library, most of the student residence halls and academic buildings populate the center of campus. The middle campus is also the home of the Newcomb College Campus. The facilities for the Business school line McAlister Drive and Tulane Law School sits adjacent to the Business school. The Newcomb Campus was designed by New York architect James Gamble Rogers, noted for his work with Yale University's campus.^[14] The Newcomb campus is home to Tulane's performing and fine arts venues. The back of campus, between Willow Street and South Claiborne, is home to two residence halls, Reily Recreation Center and Turchin Stadium, the home of Green Wave baseball.
Through Hurricane Katrina, Tulane has continued to build new facilities and renovate old spaces on its campus. The newest residence hall, Lallage Feazel Wall Residential College, was completed in August 2005 and took in its first students when Tulane re-opened in January 2006. Fogelman Arena was completely renovated for basketball in the fall of 2006. The Lavin-Bernick Center for University Life was renovated to be a green, environmentally friendly building and opened for student use in January 2007. Turchin Stadium is undergoing renovation and will reopen for the 2008 baseball season. Tulane also hopes to begin construction on another new residence hall, to be ready for the incoming class of 2008.

An early 20th century view of Tulane's Gibson Hall. It faces St. Charles Avenue and is the entry landmark to the uptown campus.

An early 21st century view from a similar vantage point. Note the major growth of the live oak trees since the previous picture.

Other facilities owned by Tulane include:

★ the F. Edward Hebert Research Center, near Belle Chasse, Louisiana, which provides facilities for graduate training and research in computer science, bioengineering, and biology;

★ Tulane National Primate Research Center in Covington, Louisiana, one of eight such centers funded by the National Institutes of Health;

★ Tulane University Health Sciences Center, located in the New Orleans Central Business District between the Louisiana Superdome and Canal Street in 18 mid/high-rise buildings, which houses the School of Medicine and the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine;

★ Tulane University Square, is located on Broadway and Leake Avenue adjacent to the Mississippi River. University Square is a mixed use shopping center, with stores and some offices of Tulane University unrelated to student affairs. There is also a hotel and conference center at University Square;

★ the satellite campuses of the School of Continuing Studies, Tulane's open admissions university college, located in downtown New Orleans and in Biloxi, Mississippi;

★ Houston, Texas, Santiago, Chile, Shanghai, China, and Taipei, Taiwan where the business school offers an executive MBA program.

Academics

Academic divisions

Tulane is organized into ten schools centered around liberal arts, sciences and certain professions:
All undergraduate students are enrolled in the Newcomb-Tulane College. The graduate programs are governed by individual schools. Tulane also offers continuing education courses and associate's degrees through its School of Continuing Studies.
From 1963-1968, the Tulane Law School dean was Cecil Morgan, the key legislator who had been involved in 1929 in the impeachment of Governor Huey Pierce Long, Jr., and who thereafter was a major Standard Oil Company executive in Louisiana and New York City. He had also been a judge for two years in Shreveport.

Academic Division	Dean
A.B. Freeman School of Business	Angelo S. DeNisi
Newcomb-Tulane College	James MacLaren
School of Architecture	Scott Bernhard, ''interim''^[15]
Law School	Lawrence Ponoroff
School of Liberal Arts	George L. Bernstein
School of Medicine	Benjamin Sachs
School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine	Pierre Buekens
School of Science and Engineering	Nicholas J. Altiero
School of Social Work	Ronald E. Marks
School of Continuing Studies	Richard A. Marksbury

Statistics and rankings

The following statistics reflect some of the changes at Tulane between 1998 and 2006:

★ Undergraduate applications received annually nearly tripled, growing from 7,780 to 21,000.

★ The average SAT scores for incoming students rose from 1278 to 1306.¹

★ Application acceptances lowered from 79% of applicants to 38%.^[16]

★ Funding for research and development nearly doubled, from $68 million to $130 million.

★ The National Institutes of Health funding ranking rose from 96 to 79.^[17]
In 2003, Tulane's graduation rate for student-athletes was 79%, ranking 14th among Division I athletic programs.
Tulane is one of North America's top research universities; its status confirmed by it being one of 60 elected members of the Association of American Universities. Tulane also is designated as a Carnegie research university/very high research activity, the highest classification by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.^[18]
Tulane's overall undergraduate program was ranked 50th in the nation among "National Universities" by ''US News & World Report'' in its 2008 edition. Tulane tied with Syracuse University for the 50th spot.^[19]
In the ''US News and World Reports'' ''Best Grad Schools Guide'', published in April 2007, the Tulane School of Law ranked 47th (with a ranking of 5th for its environmental law program), and the A.B. Freeman School of Business ranked No. 45.^[20]^[21]

Dean's Honor Scholarship

The Dean's Honor Scholarship is a merit-based scholarship awarded by Tulane which covers full tuition for the duration of the recipient's undergraduate program. The scholarship is offered to 100 incoming freshmen by the Office of Undergraduate Admission, and is awarded only through a separate application. This scholarship is renewable provided that the recipient maintains a minimum 3.0 GPA at the end of each semester and maintains continuous enrollment in a full-time undergraduate division. Typically, recipients rank in the top 5% of their high school graduating class, have a rigorous course load including honors and Advanced Placement classes, and an outstanding record of extracurricular activities.^[22]
Notable recipients include Sean M. Berkowitz, David Filo and Eric R. Palmer.

List of university presidents

There have been fourteen presidents of Tulane since the establishment of the Tulane Education Fund in 1884.

President	Years
William Preston Johnson	1884–1899
William Oscar Rogers	1899–1900 (acting)
Edwin Alderman	1900–1904
Edwin Boone Craighead	1904–1912
Robert Sharp	1912–1913 (acting) 1913–1918
Albert Bledsoe Dinwiddie	1918–1935
Douglas Smith Anderson	1935–1936 (acting)
Robert Leonval Menuet	1936–1937 (acting)
Rufus Carrollton Harris	1937–1960
Maxwell Edward Laphan	1960 (acting)
Herbert Eugene Longenecker	1960–1975
Sheldon Hackney	1975–1980
Eamon Kelly	1980–1981 (acting) 1981–1998
Scott S. Cowen	1998–present

Athletics

Main articles: Tulane Green Wave

Tulane is a member of Conference USA in athletics and fields NCAA Division I teams in several sports.
Tulane University's football team went 12-0 in 1998 culminating in a 41-27 victory over BYU in the Liberty Bowl. They finished the season ranked No. 5 in the nation, by far their best performance to date. They were led by senior quarterback Shaun King, who in that season set an NCAA record for the highest single-season passing efficiency rating. That record still stands.^[23]^[24]
They have been unable to match 1998's success in recent years.

Notable alumni and faculty

Main articles: List of Tulane University people

Alma maters

'Tulane Alma Mater' We praise thee for thy past, O Alma Mater! Thy hand hath done its work full faithfully. The incense of thy spirit has ascended And filled America from sea to sea! Olive Green and Blue! we love thee! Pledge we now our fealty true Where the trees are ever greenest, Where the skies are purest blue. Hear us now, O Tulane, hear us, As we proudly sing to thee! Take from us our hearts' devotion, Thine we are and thine shall be!	'Newcomb Alma Mater' Where stars arise in Southern skies And thy loyal love in laughter lies, O Newcomb fair, we bring to thee Our hearts' allegiance, bold and free. We bring to thee, where e'er shall be The Star of our ascendancy -- CHORUS O Alma Mater, Stand we nigh, Thy daughters lift Thy flag on high!

International profile

★ Tulane has signed an educational affiliation agreement with International University in Geneva.

★ The Finance Department was ranked 6th in the world by the ''Financial Times''.^[25]

Popular culture references

Literature

★ ''Black Sunday'' by Thomas Harris is set during a Super Bowl played in Tulane Stadium..

★ ''A Confederacy of Dunces'' by Tulane graduate John Kennedy Toole is set in New Orleans and features Ignatius J. Reilly.

★ ''Love in the Ruins'' and ''The Moviegoer'' by Walker Percy are partially set on Tulane's campus.

★ ''Earth (novel)'' by David Brin, features characters from Tulane.

★ ''The Pelican Brief'' by John Grisham is set on Tulane's campus and features a Tulane Law student.

★ The story ''Reb Kringle'' from Nathan Englander's book ''For the Relief of Unbearable Urges'' features an appearance by "the elf on winter break from Tulane."

★ ''Honest Illusions'' by Nora Roberts features a character Roxanne Nouvelle who attends Tulane.

Television

★ ''St. Elsewhere'': Howie Mandel's character, Dr. Wayne Fiscus, attended Tulane Medical School.

★ ''Frank's Place'': Bubba Weisberger (played by Robert Harper) was a graduate of Tulane Law School.

★ ''Sex and the City'': Mr. Big's ex-wife, Natasha, attended Tulane University as an undergraduate student.

★ ''Gilmore Girls'': Rory Gilmore's high school classmate 'Louise Grant' attended Tulane, and Louise's best friend 'Madeline Lynn' also transferred to the school.

★ ''Grey's Anatomy'': Dr. Burke attended Tulane University.

★ '': Calleigh Duquesne attended Tulane University and majored in physics.

★ '': Colie Edison attended Tulane University.

★ '': The cast often socialized with Tulane students especially at 'The Boot Bar'.

★ In the A&E movie about Senator John McCain, the outside scenes of the Naval Academy were filmed at Tulane.

Movies

★ ''Taxi Driver'': In the scene where Robert De Niro's character shoots a robber saving the owner who is wearing a Tulane T-Shirt.

★ ''The Pelican Brief'': The 1992 John Grisham suspense/thriller The Pelican Brief, which involves a fictional Tulane second year law student and her professor as characters, was adapted for a 1993 movie, also filmed on Tulane's uptown campus and the president's house at Two Audubon Place.

★ ''The Brooke Ellison Story'': Tulane's academic quad substituted for Harvard University's campus in Christopher Reeve's last film.

★ ''All the King's Men'': Tulane's McAlister Auditorium hosted the U.S. premiere of the movie on September 16, 2006.^[26]^[27]

★ ''College'': The university was one of the filming locations.

Computer games

★ ''Laura Bow Series'' by Sierra Entertainment (including games The Colonel's Bequest and The Dagger of Amon Ra): Laura Bow, the main character is a Tulane University student.

★ '' by Sierra Entertainment: Tulane University is one of the game locations.

References

1. Tulane University Facts
2. Report charts highs, lows for Tulane
3. Gerald R. Ford: Address at a Tulane University convocation
4. Latin American Studies
5. Microscopy in America., Gage SH, , , Trans Am Microscopical Soc, 1964
6. The inverted microscope-a new form of microscope, Smith JL, , , Am J Sci Arts, 1852
7. On the binocular microscope, Riddell JL, , , Quart J Microsc Sci, 1854
8. Address at a Tulane University Convocation
9. A Tale of Two Mummies
10. Leave No One Behind: Hurricane Katrina and the Rescue of Tulane Hospital, , Bill, Carey, Clearbrook Press, , 0-9725680-3-4
11. Tulane's ''The New Wave''
12. http://www.SaveTulaneEngineering.org/files/AAUPLetterCowen.pdf
13. http://www2.tulane.edu/article_news_details.cfm?ArticleID=7265
14. unknown
15. http://www2.tulane.edu/tulane_talk/tt_050407.cfm
16. College Search - Tulane University: Admission
17. NIH Award Trends-Rankings: All Institutions 2005
18. Institutions: Tulane University of Louisiana
19. America's Best Colleges 2008
20. USNews.com Top Law Schools
21. USNews.com: Top Business Schools
22. Dean's Honor Scholarship information
23. Presidential Coalition for Athletics Reform
24. MU’s Daniel has been model of efficiency
25. Freeman School @ Tulane - Rankings
26. http://www2.tulane.edu/article_news_details.cfm?ArticleID=6794
27. http://www.robinsonfilmcenter.org/news/news_142.html

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