THRUSH (BIRD)

(Redirected from Turdidae)
:''See also other birds with "thrush" in their name: Waterthrush, Shrike-thrush, Thrush Nightingale
The 'Thrushes', family 'Turdidae', are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World.
They are plump, soft-plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. They range in size from the Forest Rock Thrush (''Monticola sharpei''), at 21 grams and 14.5 cm (5.8 inches), to the Blue Whistling Thrush (''Myophonus caeruleus''), at 178 grams (6.3 oz) and 33 cm (13 inches). The songs of some species, including members of the genera ''Catharus'', ''Myadestes'', and ''Turdus'', are considered to be among the most beautiful in the avian world.
The taxonomic treatment of this large family has varied significantly in recent years. Traditionally, the Turdidae included the small Old World species, like the Nightingale and European Robin in the subfamily Saxicolini, but most authorities now place this group in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae.
This article follows the ''Handbook of the Birds of the World'' with edits from Clement and Hathaway, ''Thrushes'' (2000), and retains the large thrushes in Turdidae. Recent biochemical studies place certain traditional thrush genera (''Monticola'', ''Pseudocossyphus'', ''Myiophonus'', ''Brachypteryx'', and ''Alethe'') in the Muscicapidae. Conversely the Asian saxicoline genera ''Grandala'' and ''Cochoa'' belong here among the thrushes.

★ 'Family Turdidae'

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★ Genus ''Turdus'': true thrushes (some 65 species, 1 recently extinct)

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★ Genus ''Platycichla'' (2 species) - part of a South American group within ''Turdus''

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★ Genus ''Nesocichla'': Tristan Thrush or Starchy - part of a South American group within ''Turdus''

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★ Genus ''Cichlherminia'': Forest Thrush - genus paraphyletic with ''Turdus''

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★ Genus ''Psophocichla '': Groundscraper Thrush

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★ Genus ''Zoothera'': Asian thrushes (some 22 species, 1 recently extinct)

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★ Genus ''Catharus'': typical American thrushes and nightingale-thrushes (12 species)

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★ Genus ''Hylocichla '': Wood Thrush

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★ Genus ''Ridgwayia'': Aztec Thrush - related to ''Hylocichla''

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★ Genus ''Ixoreus '': Varied Thrush - related to other New World genera

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★ Genus ''Geomalia'': Geomalia

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★ Genus ''Cataponera'': Sulawesi Thrush

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★ Genus ''Sialia'': bluebirds (3 species)

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★ Genus ''Grandala'', Grandala - related to ''Sialia''

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★ Genus ''Cichlopsis'': Rufous-brown Solitaire - related to ''Catharus''

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★ Genus ''Entomodestes'': solitaires (2 species) - related to ''Catharus''

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★ Genus ''Myadestes'': solitaires (10-11 living species, 2-3 recently extinct)

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★ Genus ''Neocossyphus'': flycatcher thrushes and "ant-thrushes" (4 species) - related to ''Myadestes''

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★ Genus ''Cochoa'', cochoas (4 species)

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★ Genus ''Chlamydochaera'': Fruit-hunter - related to ''Cochoa''
Now usually considered a distinct family distantly related to ''Picathartes'':

★ Genus ''Chaetops'': rock-jumpers (2 species)
For other species previously in Turdidae, see Muscicapidae and chats.

Contents

References

External links

References

★ 'Jønsson', K.A., and J. Fjeldsa. 2006. A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds (Aves:Passeri). Zoologica Scripta 35: 149-186

★ 'Klicka', J., Voelker, G., Spellman, G.M. 2005. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the "true thrushes" (Aves: Turdinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 34 (3), pp. 486-500.

★ 'Pan', Q.-W., Lei F.-M., Yang S.-J., Yin Z.-H., Huang Y., Tai F.-D., & Krištin, A. 2006. Phylogenetic analysis of some Turdinae birds based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences. Acta Zoologica Sinica, 52(1):87 - 98. PDF fulltext

★ 'Pan', Q.-W., Lei, F.-M., Yin, Z.-H., Krištín, A. & Kaňuch, P. 2007 . Phylogenetic relationships between Turdus species: Mitochondrial cytochrome b gene analysis. Ornis Fennica 84 : 1 - 11. PDF fulltext

★ 'Voelker', G., Spellman, G.M. 2004. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA evidence of polyphyly in the avian superfamily Muscicapoidea. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 30 (2), pp. 386-394.

★ 'Voelker', G., Rohwer, S., Bowie, R.C.K., Outlaw, D.C. 2007. Molecular systematics of a speciose, cosmopolitan songbird genus: Defining the limits of, and relationships among, the Turdus thrushes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Volume 42(2), P.422-434.

External links

★ Thrush videos on the Internet Bird Collection