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The 'A.M. Turing Award' is given annually by the Association for Computing Machinery to
a person selected for contributions of a technical nature made to the computing community.
The contributions should be of lasting and major technical importance to the
computer field. Most of the recipients have been computer scientists.
The award is named after Alan Mathison Turing, a British mathematician considered to be one of the fathers of modern computer science.
The Turing Award is often recognized as the "Nobel Prize of computing". It is co-sponsored by Intel Corporation and Google and currently accompanied by a prize of $250,000. It was originally solely sponsored by Intel and accompanied by a prize of $100,000.
The award recipients and the fields in which they earned the recognition are listed below. Refer to the individual recipients for more detailed information on their achievements.

Contents

Turing Award recipients

External links

Turing Award recipients

Year	Recipients	Citation
1966	Alan J. Perlis	''For his influence in the area of advanced programming techniques and compiler construction''
1967	Maurice V. Wilkes	''Professor Wilkes is best known as the builder and designer of the EDSAC, the first computer with an internally stored program. Built in 1949, the EDSAC used a mercury delay line memory. He is also known as the author, with Wheeler and Gill, of a volume on "Preparation of Programs for Electronic Digital Computers" in 1951, in which program libraries were effectively introduced''
1968	Richard Hamming	''For his work on numerical methods, automatic coding systems, and error-detecting and error-correcting codes''
1969	Marvin Minsky	''artificial intelligence''
1970	James H. Wilkinson	''For his research in numerical analysis to facilitate the use of the high-speed digital computer, having received special recognition for his work in computations in linear algebra and "backward" error analysis''
1971	John McCarthy	''Dr. McCarthy's lecture "The Present State of Research on Artificial Intelligence" is a topic that covers the area in which he has achieved considerable recognition for his work''
1972	Edsger Dijkstra	''Edsger Dijkstra was a principal contributor in the late 1950's to the development of the ALGOL, a high level programming language which has become a model of clarity and mathematical rigor. He is one of the principal exponents of the science and art of programming languages in general, and has greatly contributed to our understanding of their structure, representation, and implementation. His fifteen years of publications extend from theoretical articles on graph theory to basic manuals, expository texts, and philosophical contemplations in the field of programming languages''
1973	Charles W. Bachman	''For his outstanding contributions to database technology''
1974	Donald E. Knuth	''For his major contributions to the analysis of algorithms and the design of programming languages, and in particular for his contributions to "The Art of Computer Programming" through his well-known books in a continuous series by this title''
1975	Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon	''In joint scientific efforts extending over twenty years, initially in collaboration with J. C. Shaw at the RAND Corporation, and subsequentially with numerous faculty and student colleagues at Carnegie Mellon University, they have made basic contributions to artificial intelligence, the psychology of human cognition, and list processing''
1976	Michael O. Rabin and Dana S. Scott	''For their joint paper "Finite Automata and Their Decision Problem," which introduced the idea of nondeterministic machines, which has proved to be an enormously valuable concept. Their (Scott & Rabin) classic paper has been a continuous source of inspiration for subsequent work in this field''
1977	John Backus	''For profound, influential, and lasting contributions to the design of practical high-level programming systems, notably through his work on FORTRAN, and for seminal publication of formal procedures for the specification of programming languages''
1978	Robert W. Floyd	''For having a clear influence on methodologies for the creation of efficient and reliable software, and for helping to found the following important subfields of computer science: the theory of parsing, the semantics of programming languages, automatic program verification, automatic program synthesis, and analysis of algorithms''
1979	Kenneth E. Iverson	''For his pioneering effort in programming languages and mathematical notation resulting in what the computing field now knows as APL, for his contributions to the implementation of interactive systems, to educational uses of APL, and to programming language theory and practice''
1980	C. Antony R. Hoare	''For his fundamental contributions to the definition and design of programming languages''
1981	Edgar F. Codd	''For his fundamental and continuing contributions to the theory and practice of database management systems'', esp. relational databases
1982	Stephen A. Cook	''For his advancement of our understanding of the complexity of computation in a significant and profound way''
1983	Ken Thompson and Dennis M. Ritchie	''For their development of generic operating systems theory and specifically for the implementation of the UNIX operating system''
1984	Niklaus Wirth	''For developing a sequence of innovative computer languages, EULER, ALGOL-W, MODULA and PASCAL''
1985	Richard M. Karp	''For his continuing contributions to the theory of algorithms including the development of efficient algorithms for network flow and other combinatorial optimization problems, the identification of polynomial-time computability with the intuitive notion of algorithmic efficiency, and, most notably, contributions to the theory of NP-completeness''
1986	John Hopcroft and Robert Tarjan	''For fundamental achievements in the design and analysis of algorithms and data structures''
1987	John Cocke	''For significant contributions in the design and theory of compilers, the architecture of large systems and the development of reduced instruction set computers (RISC)''
1988	Ivan Sutherland	''For his pioneering and visionary contributions to computer graphics, starting with Sketchpad, and continuing after''
1989	William (Velvel) Kahan	''For his fundamental contributions to numerical analysis. One of the foremost experts on floating-point computations. Kahan has dedicated himself to "making the world safe for numerical computations."''
1990	Fernando J. Corbató	''For his pioneering work organizing the concepts and leading the development of the general-purpose, large-scale, time-sharing and resource-sharing computer systems, CTSS and Multics.''
1991	Robin Milner	''For three distinct and complete achievements: 1) LCF, the mechanization of Scott's Logic of Computable Functions, probably the first theoretically based yet practical tool for machine assisted proof construction; 2) ML, the first language to include polymorphic type inference together with a type-safe exception-handling mechanism; 3) CCS, a general theory of concurrency. In addition, he formulated and strongly advanced full abstraction, the study of the relationship between operational and denotational semantics.''
1992	Butler W. Lampson	''For contributions to the development of distributed, personal computing environments and the technology for their implementation: workstations, networks, operating systems, programming systems, displays, security and document publishing.''
1993	Juris Hartmanis and Richard E. Stearns	''In recognition of their seminal paper which established the foundations for the field of computational complexity theory.''
1994	Edward Feigenbaum and Raj Reddy	''For pioneering the design and construction of large scale artificial intelligence systems, demonstrating the practical importance and potential commercial impact of artificial intelligence technology.''
1995	Manuel Blum	''In recognition of his contributions to the foundations of computational complexity theory and its application to cryptography and program checking.''
1996	Amir Pnueli	''For seminal work introducing temporal logic into computing science and for outstanding contributions to program and systems verification.''
1997	Douglas Engelbart	''For an inspiring vision of the future of interactive computing and the invention of key technologies to help realize this vision.''
1998	Jim Gray	''For seminal contributions to database and transaction processing research and technical leadership in system implementation.''
1999	Frederick P. Brooks, Jr.	''For landmark contributions to computer architecture, operating systems, and software engineering.''
2000	Andrew Chi-Chih Yao	''In recognition of his fundamental contributions to the theory of computation, including the complexity-based theory of pseudorandom number generation, cryptography, and communication complexity.''
2001	Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard	''For ideas fundamental to the emergence of object-oriented programming, through their design of the programming languages Simula I and Simula 67.''
2002	Ronald L. Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard M. Adleman	''For their ingenious contribution for making public-key cryptography useful in practice.''
2003	Alan Kay	''For pioneering many of the ideas at the root of contemporary object-oriented programming languages, leading the team that developed Smalltalk, and for fundamental contributions to personal computing.''
2004	Vinton G. Cerf and Robert E. Kahn	''For pioneering work on internetworking, including the design and implementation of the Internet's basic communications protocols, TCP/IP, and for inspired leadership in networking.''
2005	Peter Naur	''For fundamental contributions to programming language design and the definition of Algol 60, to compiler design, and to the art and practice of computer programming.''
2006	Frances E. Allen	''For contributions that fundamentally improved the performance of computer programs in solving problems, and accelerated the use of high performance computing.''

External links

★ ACM List of Turing Laureates

★ Bibliography of Turing Award lectures (through 2000)