TYRANT_FLYCATCHER

(Redirected from Tyrannidae)

The 'tyrant flycatchers' are a family of passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America, but are mainly tropical in distribution. They are now considered the largest family of birds on earth, with over 400 species. Tyrant flycatchers superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but have a tendency to be more robust with stronger bills. They are members of suborder Tyranni (suboscines) that do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds.
Most, but not all, are rather plain, and many have erectile crests. As the name implies, most are insectivorous, but some will eat fruit. The smallest family member is the Short-tailed Pygmy-tyrant, which is, at a length of a mere 6.8 cm (2.7 inches) and a weight of 4 grams, among the smallest passerines on earth. The largest tyrant flycatcher is the Great Shrike-Tyrant at 29 cm (11.5 inches) and 88 grams (3.1 oz).
The becards and tityras were formerly considered to be cotingas, but are now usually included in the Tyrannidae. They are also sometimes given their own family, the Tityridae.

Contents

Habitat Distribution

Protected status

Systematics

External links

Habitat Distribution

Species richness of Tyrannidae, when compared to habitat, is highly variable. The habitats of tropical lowland evergreen forest and montane evergreen forest have the highest single site species diversity while many habitats including rivers, palm forest, possible white sand forest, tropical deciduous forest edge, southern temperate forest, southern temperate forest edge, semihumid/humid montane scrub, and northern temperate grassland have the lowest single species diversity. The variation between the highest and the lowest is extreme; ninety species can be found in the tropical lowland evergreen forests while only one species can be found at the habitats listed above. This may be due in part to the fewer niches found in certain areas and therefore fewer places for the species to occupy.
Tyrannidae specialization among habitat is very strong in tropical lowland evergreen forests and montane evergreen forests. These habitat types therefore display the greatest specialization. The counts differ by three species (tropical lowland evergreen forests have 49 endemic species and montane evergreen forests have 46 endemic species). It can be assumed that they both have similar levels of specialization.
Regionally, the South Atlantic Coast has a significanltly higher species richness with the Manabí-Tumbes region following closely behind.

Protected status

The Northern Beardless Tyrannulet (''Camptostoma imberbe'') and the Rose-throated Becard (''Pachyramphus aglaiae'') are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918.[1]

Systematics

There are about 430 species in over 100 genera. A full list, sortable by common and binomial names is at list of tyrant flycatchers.

★ 'Genus ''Ornithion'''

★
★ White-lored Tyrannulet, ''Ornithion inerme''

★
★ Yellow-bellied Tyrannulet, ''Ornithion semiflavum''

★
★ Brown-capped Tyrannulet, ''Ornithion brunneicapillum''

★ 'Genus ''Camptostoma'''

★
★ Northern Beardless Tyrannulet, ''Camptostoma imberbe''

★
★ Southern Beardless Tyrannulet, ''Camptostoma obsoletum''

★ 'Genus ''Phaeomyias'''

★
★ Mouse-colored Tyrannulet, ''Phaeomyias murina''

★ 'Genus ''Nesotriccus'''

★
★ Cocos Island Flycatcher, ''Nesotriccus ridgwayi''

★ 'Genus ''Capsiempis''' - Yellow Tyrannulet

★ 'Genus ''Tyrannulus'''

★
★ Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet, ''Tyrannulus elatus''

★ 'Genus ''Myiopagis'''

★
★ Forest Elaenia, ''Myiopagis gaimardii''

★
★ Foothill Elaenia, ''Myiopagis olallai''

★
★ Gray Elaenia, ''Myiopagis caniceps''

★
★ Pacific Elaenia, ''Myiopagis subplacens''

★
★ Yellow-crowned Elaenia, ''Myiopagis flavivertex''

★
★ Jamaican Elaenia, ''Myiopagis cotta''

★
★ Greenish Elaenia, ''Myiopagis viridicata''

★ 'Genus ''Pseudelaenia'''

★
★ Gray-and-white Tyrannulet, ''Pseudelaenia leucospodia''

★ 'Genus ''Elaenia''' (18 species)

★ 'Genus ''Serpophaga'''

★
★ Torrent Tyrannulet, ''Serpophaga cinerea''

★
★ Sooty Tyrannulet, ''Serpophaga nigricans''

★
★ River Tyrannulet, ''Serpophaga hypoleuca''

★
★ White-crested Tyrannulet, ''Serpophaga subcristata''

★
★ White-bellied Tyrannulet, ''Serpophaga munda''

★ 'Genus ''Mionectes''' (5 species)

★ 'Genus ''Leptopogon''' (4 species)

★ 'Genus ''Pseudotriccus'''

★
★ Bronze-olive Pygmy-tyrant, ''Pseudotriccus pelzelni''

★
★ Hazel-fronted Pygmy-tyrant, ''Pseudotriccus simplex''

★
★ Rufous-headed Pygmy-tyrant, ''Pseudotriccus ruficeps''

★ 'Genus ''Phylloscartes'''

★
★ Marble-faced Bristle Tyrant, ''Phylloscartes ophthalmicus''

★
★ Venezuelan Bristle Tyrant, ''Phylloscartes venezuelanus''

★
★ Antioquia Bristle Tyrant, ''Phylloscartes lanyoni''

★
★ Spectacled Bristle Tyrant, ''Phylloscartes orbitalis''

★
★ Variegated Bristle Tyrant, ''Phylloscartes poecilotis''

★
★ Southern Bristle Tyrant, ''Phylloscartes eximius''

★
★ Black-fronted Tyrannulet, ''Phylloscartes nigrifrons''

★
★ Chapman's Bristle Tyrant, ''Phylloscartes chapmani''

★
★ Ecuadorian Tyrannulet, ''Phylloscartes gualaquizae''

★
★ Rufous-lored Tyrannulet, ''Phylloscartes flaviventris''

★
★ Cinnamon-faced Tyrannulet, ''Phylloscartes parkeri''

★
★ Minas Gerais Tyrannulet, ''Phylloscartes roquettei''

★
★ Sao Paulo Tyrannulet, ''Phylloscartes paulistus''

★
★ Oustalet's Tyrannulet, ''Phylloscartes oustaleti''

★
★ Restinga Tyrannulet, ''Phylloscartes kronei''

★
★ Serra do Mar Tyrannulet, ''Phylloscartes difficilis''

★
★ Alagoas Tyrannulet, ''Phylloscartes ceciliae''

★
★ Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulet, ''Phylloscartes ventralis''

★
★ Bahia Tyrannulet, ''Phylloscartes beckeri''

★
★ Yellow-green Tyrannulet, ''Phylloscartes flavovirens''

★
★ Olive-green Tyrannulet, ''Phylloscartes virescens''

★
★ Rufous-browed Tyrannulet, ''Phylloscartes superciliaris''

★
★ Bay-ringed Tyrannulet, ''Phylloscartes sylviolus''

★ 'Genus ''Phyllomyias'''

★
★ Planalto Tyrannulet, ''Phyllomyias fasciatus''

★
★ White-fronted Tyrannulet, ''Phyllomyias zeledoni''

★
★ Rough-legged Tyrannulet, ''Phyllomyias burmeisteri''

★
★ Greenish Tyrannulet, ''Phyllomyias virescens''

★
★ Reiser's Tyrannulet, ''Phyllomyias reiseri''

★
★ Sclater's Tyrannulet, ''Phyllomyias sclateri''

★
★ Gray-capped Tyrannulet, ''Phyllomyias griseocapilla''

★
★ Sooty-headed Tyrannulet, ''Phyllomyias griseiceps''

★
★ Plumbeous-crowned Tyrannulet, ''Phyllomyias plumbeiceps''

★
★ Black-capped Tyrannulet, ''Phyllomyias nigrocapillus''

★
★ Ashy-headed Tyrannulet, ''Phyllomyias cinereiceps''

★
★ Tawny-rumped Tyrannulet, ''Phyllomyias uropygialis''

★ 'Genus ''Zimmerius''

★
★ Mistletoe Tyrannulet, ''Zimmerius vilissimus''

★
★ Venezuelan Tyrannulet, ''Zimmerius improbus''

★
★ Bolivian Tyrannulet, ''Zimmerius bolivianus''

★
★ Red-billed Tyrannulet, ''Zimmerius cinereicapillus''

★
★ Slender-footed Tyrannulet, ''Zimmerius gracilipes''

★
★ Peruvian Tyrannulet, ''Zimmerius viridiflavus''

★
★ Golden-faced Tyrannulet, ''Zimmerius chrysops''

★ 'Genus ''Sublegatus'''

★
★ Amazonian Scrub-flycatcher, ''Sublegatus obscurior''

★
★ Northern Scrub-flycatcher, ''Sublegatus arenarum''

★
★ Southern Scrub-flycatcher, ''Sublegatus modestus''

★ 'Genus ''Suiriri''' (2 species)

★ 'Genus ''Mecocerculus''' (6 species)

★ 'Genus ''Inezia''' (4 species)

★ 'Genus ''Stigmatura'''

★
★ Lesser Wagtail-tyrant, ''Stigmatura napensis''

★
★ Greater Wagtail-tyrant, ''Stigmatura budytoides''

★ 'Genus ''Uromyias''' - sometimes included in ''Anairetes''

★
★ Agile Tit-tyrant, ''Uromyias agilis''

★
★ Unstreaked Tit-tyrant, ''Uromyias agraphia''

★ 'Genus ''Anairetes''' - typical tit-tyrants (6 species)

★ 'Genus ''Tachuris''' - Many-colored Rush-tyrant

★ 'Genus ''Culicivora''' - Sharp-tailed Grass-Tyrant

★ 'Genus ''Polystictus'''

★
★ Bearded Tachuri, ''Polystictus pectoralis''

★
★ Gray-backed Tachuri, ''Polystictus superciliaris''

★ 'Genus ''Pseudocolopteryx'''

★
★ Crested Doradito, ''Pseudocolopteryx sclateri''

★
★ Dinelli's Doradito, ''Pseudocolopteryx dinellianus''

★
★ Subtropical Doradito, ''Pseudocolopteryx acutipennis''

★
★ Warbling Doradito, ''Pseudocolopteryx flaviventris''

★ 'Genus ''Euscarthmus''' (2 species)

★ 'Genus ''Myiornis'''

★
★ White-bellied Pygmy-tyrant, ''Myiornis albiventris''

★
★ Eared Pygmy-tyrant, ''Myiornis auricularis''

★
★ Black-capped Pygmy-tyrant, ''Myiornis atricapillus''

★
★ Short-tailed Pygmy-tyrant, ''Myiornis ecaudatus''

★ 'Genus ''Lophotriccus''' (5 species)

★ 'Genus ''Oncostoma'''

★
★ Northern Bentbill, ''Oncostoma cinereigulare''

★
★ Southern Bentbill, ''Oncostoma olivaceum''

★ 'Genus ''Poecilotriccus'''

★
★ Rufous-crowned Tody-tyrant, ''Poecilotriccus ruficeps''

★
★ Slate-headed Tody-tyrant, ''Poecilotriccus sylvia''

★
★ Black-and-white Tody-tyrant, ''Poecilotriccus capitalis''

★
★ White-cheeked Tody-tyrant, ''Poecilotriccus albifacies''

★ 'Genus ''Taeniotriccus'''

★
★ Black-chested Tyrant, ''Taeniotriccus andrei''

★ 'Genus ''Hemitriccus''' - tody-tyrants (20 species)

★ 'Genus ''Todirostrum'''

★
★ Buff-cheeked Tody-flycatcher, ''Todirostrum senex''

★
★ Ruddy Tody-flycatcher, ''Todirostrum russatum''

★
★ Ochre-faced Tody-flycatcher, ''Todirostrum plumbeiceps''

★
★ Rusty-fronted Tody-flycatcher, ''Todirostrum latirostre''

★
★ Smoky-fronted Tody-flycatcher, ''Todirostrum fumifrons''

★
★ Spotted Tody-flycatcher, ''Todirostrum maculatum''

★
★ Yellow-lored Tody-flycatcher, ''Todirostrum poliocephalum''

★
★ Short-tailed Tody-flycatcher, ''Todirostrum viridanum''

★
★ Black-headed Tody-flycatcher, ''Todirostrum nigriceps''

★
★ Painted Tody-flycatcher, ''Todirostrum pictum''

★
★ Golden-winged Tody-flycatcher, ''Todirostrum calopterum''

★
★ Black-backed Tody-flycatcher, ''Todirostrum pulchellum''

★
★ Common Tody-flycatcher, ''Todirostrum cinereum''

★
★ Yellow-browed Tody-flycatcher, ''Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum''

★ 'Genus ''Corythopis''' - antpipits (2 species)

★ 'Genus ''Cnipodectes''' (2 species)

★ 'Genus ''Ramphotrigon''' (3 species)

★ 'Genus ''Rhynchocyclus''' (4 species)


★ 'Genus ''Tolmomyias'''

★
★ Yellow-olive Flycatcher, ''Tolmomyias sulphurescens''

★
★ Yellow-margined Flycatcher, ''Tolmomyias assimilis''

★
★ Gray-crowned Flycatcher, ''Tolmomyias poliocephalus''

★
★ Orange-eyed Flycatcher, ''Tolmomyias traylori''

★
★ Yellow-breasted Flycatcher, ''Tolmomyias flaviventris''

★ 'Genus ''Platyrinchus''' - spadebills (7 species)

★ 'Genus ''Onychorhynchus''' - Royal Flycatcher

★ 'Genus ''Myiotriccus'''

★
★ Ornate Flycatcher, ''Myiotriccus ornatus''

★ 'Genus ''Myiophobus'''

★
★ Flavescent Flycatcher, ''Myiophobus flavicans''

★
★ Orange-crested Flycatcher, ''Myiophobus phoenicomitra''

★
★ Roraiman Flycatcher, ''Myiophobus roraimae''

★
★ Unadorned Flycatcher, ''Myiophobus inornatus''

★
★ Handsome Flycatcher, ''Myiophobus pulcher''

★
★ Orange-banded Flycatcher, ''Myiophobus lintoni''

★
★ Ochraceous-breasted Flycatcher, ''Myiophobus ochraceiventris''

★
★ Bran-colored Flycatcher, ''Myiophobus fasciatus''

★
★ Olive-chested Flycatcher, ''Myiophobus cryptoxanthus''

★ 'Genus ''Terenotriccus''' - Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher

★ 'Genus ''Myiobius'''

★
★ Tawny-breasted Flycatcher, ''Myiobius villosus''

★
★ Sulphur-rumped Flycatcher, ''Myiobius sulphureipygius''

★
★ Whiskered Flycatcher, ''Myiobius barbatus''

★
★ Yellow-rumped Flycatcher, ''Myiobius mastacalis''

★
★ Black-tailed Flycatcher, ''Myiobius atricaudus''

★ 'Genus ''Neopipo'''

★
★ Cinnamon Tyrant, ''Neopipo cinnamomea''

★ 'Genus ''Pyrrhomyias'''

★
★ Cinnamon Flycatcher, ''Pyrrhomyias cinnamomea''

★ 'Genus ''Hirundinea''' - Cliff Flycatcher and Swallow Flycatcher

★ 'Genus ''Cnemotriccus''' - Fuscous Flycatcher

★ 'Genus ''Lathrotriccus''' (2 species)

★ 'Genus ''Aphanotriccus''' (2 species)

★ 'Genus ''Xenotriccus'''

★
★ Belted Flycatcher, ''Xenotriccus callizonus''

★
★ Pileated Flycatcher, ''Xenotriccus mexicanus''


★ 'Genus ''Mitrephanes''' (2 species)

★ 'Genus ''Contopus''' - pewees (14 species)

★ 'Genus ''Empidonax''' (15 species)

★ 'Genus ''Sayornis''' - phoebes (3 species)

★ 'Genus ''Pyrocephalus''' - Vermilion Flycatcher

★ 'Genus ''Silvicultrix'''

★
★ Jelski's Chat-tyrant, ''Silvicultrix jelskii''

★
★ Yellow-bellied Chat-tyrant, ''Silvicultrix diadema''

★
★ Golden-browed Chat-tyrant, ''Silvicultrix pulchella''

★ 'Genus ''Ochthoeca'''

★
★ Crowned Chat-tyrant, ''Ochthoeca frontalis''

★
★ Peruvian Chat-tyrant, ''Ochthoeca spodionota''

★
★ Slaty-backed Chat-tyrant, ''Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris''

★
★ Maroon-chested Chat-tyrant, ''Ochthoeca thoracica''

★
★ Piura Chat-tyrant, ''Ochthoeca piurae''

★
★ D'Orbigny's Chat-tyrant, ''Ochthoeca oenanthoides''

★
★ Rufous-breasted Chat-tyrant, ''Ochthoeca rufipectoralis''

★
★ Brown-backed Chat-tyrant, ''Ochthoeca fumicolor''

★
★ White-browed Chat-tyrant, ''Ochthoeca leucophrys''

★ 'Genus ''Tumbezia'''

★
★ Tumbes Tyrant, ''Tumbezia salvini''

★ 'Genus ''Colorhamphus''' - Patagonian Tyrant

★ 'Genus ''Ochthornis'''

★
★ Drab Water-tyrant, ''Ochthornis littoralis''

★ 'Genus ''Cnemarchus''' - Red-rumped Bush-tyrant

★ 'Genus ''Myiotheretes'''

★
★ Streak-throated Bush-tyrant, ''Myiotheretes striaticollis''

★
★ Santa Marta Bush-tyrant, ''Myiotheretes pernix''

★
★ Smoky Bush-tyrant, ''Myiotheretes fumigatus''

★
★ Rufous-bellied Bush-tyrant, ''Myiotheretes fuscorufus''

★ 'Genus ''Xolmis'''

★
★ Fire-eyed Diucon, ''Xolmis pyrope''

★
★ Gray Monjita, ''Xolmis cinerea''

★
★ Black-crowned Monjita, ''Xolmis coronata''

★
★ White-rumped Monjita, ''Xolmis velata''

★
★ White Monjita, ''Xolmis irupero''

★
★ Rusty-backed Monjita, ''Xolmis rubetra''

★
★ Salinas Monjita, ''Xolmis salinarum''

★ 'Genus ''Heteroxolmis'''

★
★ Black-and-white Monjita, ''Heteroxolmis dominicana''

★ 'Genus ''Neoxolmis'''

★
★ Chocolate-vented Tyrant, ''Neoxolmis rufiventris''


★ 'Genus ''Agriornis''' - shrike-tyrants (5 species)

★ 'Genus ''Polioxolmis'''

★
★ Rufous-webbed Tyrant, ''Polioxolmis rufipennis''

★ 'Genus ''Muscisaxicola''' - ground-tyrants (13 species)

★ 'Genus ''Muscigralla'''

★
★ Short-tailed Field-tyrant, ''Muscigralla brevicauda''

★ 'Genus ''Lessonia'''

★
★ Andean Negrito, ''Lessonia oreas''

★
★ Austral Negrito, ''Lessonia rufa''

★ 'Genus ''Knipolegus''' - black-tyrants (11 species)

★ 'Genus ''Hymenops''' - Spectacled Tyrant

★ 'Genus ''Fluvicola''' - typical water-tyrants (3 species)

★ 'Genus ''Arundinicola''' - White-headed Marsh-tyrant

★ 'Genus ''Alectrurus''' (2 species)

★ 'Genus ''Gubernetes''' - Streamer-tailed Tyrant

★ 'Genus ''Satrapa'''

★
★ Yellow-browed Tyrant, ''Satrapa icterophrys''

★ 'Genus ''Colonia''' - Long-tailed Tyrant

★ 'Genus ''Machetornis''' - Cattle Tyrant

★ 'Genus ''Muscipipra'''

★
★ Shear-tailed Gray Tyrant, ''Muscipipra vetula''

★ 'Genus ''Attila''' - attilas (7 species)

★ 'Genus ''Casiornis''' (2 species)

★ 'Genus ''Sirystes'''

★
★ Sirystes, ''Sirystes sibilator''

★ 'Genus ''Rhytipterna'''

★
★ Rufous Mourner, ''Rhytipterna holerythra''

★
★ Grayish Mourner, ''Rhytipterna simplex''

★
★ Pale-bellied Mourner, ''Rhytipterna immunda''

★ 'Genus ''Myiarchus''' (22 species)

★ 'Genus ''Deltarhynchus''' - Flammulated Flycatcher

★ 'Genus ''Philohydor'''

★
★ Lesser Kiskadee, ''Philohydor lictor''


★ 'Genus ''Pitangus''' - Great Kiskadee

★ 'Genus ''Megarynchus''' - Boat-billed Flycatcher

★ 'Genus ''Myiozetetes''' (4 species)

★ 'Genus ''Conopias''' (4 species)

★ 'Genus ''Myiodynastes'''

★
★ Golden-bellied Flycatcher, ''Myiodynastes hemichrysus''

★
★ Golden-crowned Flycatcher, ''Myiodynastes chrysocephalus''

★
★ Baird's Flycatcher, ''Myiodynastes bairdii''

★
★ Streaked Flycatcher, ''Myiodynastes maculatus''

★
★ Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher, ''Myiodynastes luteiventris''

★ 'Genus ''Legatus''' - Piratic Flycatcher

★ 'Genus ''Phelpsia'''

★
★ White-bearded Flycatcher, ''Phelpsia inornata''

★ 'Genus ''Empidonomus''' - Variegated Flycatcher

★ 'Genus ''Griseotyrannus''' - Crowned Slaty Flycatcher (formerly in ''Empidonomus'')

★ 'Genus ''Tyrannopsis''' - Sulphury Flycatcher


★ 'Genus ''Tyrannus''' - kingbirds (13 species)

★ 'Genus ''Schiffornis'''

★
★ Greater Schiffornis, ''Schiffornis major''

★
★ Thrush-like Schiffornis, ''Schiffornis turdinus''

★
★ Greenish Schiffornis, ''Schiffornis virescens''

★ 'Genus ''Xenopsaris'''

★
★ White-naped Xenopsaris, ''Xenopsaris albinucha''

★ 'Genus ''Pachyramphus''' - becards

★
★ Chestnut-crowned Becard, ''Pachyramphus castaneus''

★
★ Green-backed Becard, ''Pachyramphus viridis''

★
★ Yellow-cheeked Becard, ''Pachyramphus xanthogenys''

★
★ Barred Becard, ''Pachyramphus versicolor''

★
★ Cinnamon Becard, ''Pachyramphus cinnamomeus''

★
★ White-winged Becard, ''Pachyramphus polychopterus''

★
★ Gray-collared Becard, ''Pachyramphus major''

★
★ Black-and-white Becard, ''Pachyramphus albogriseus''

★
★ Black-capped Becard, ''Pachyramphus marginatus''

★
★ Glossy-backed Becard, ''Pachyramphus surinamus''

★
★ Cinereous Becard, ''Pachyramphus rufus''

★
★ Slaty Becard, ''Pachyramphus spodiurus''

★
★ Pink-throated Becard, ''Pachyramphus minor''

★
★ Jamaican Becard, ''Pachyramphus niger''

★
★ Rose-throated Becard, ''Pachyramphus aglaiae''

★
★ One-colored Becard, ''Pachyramphus homochrous''

★
★ Crested Becard, ''Pachyramphus validus''

★ 'Genus ''Tityra''' (3 species)

External links

★ Tyrant Flycatcher videos on the Internet Bird Collection