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EspañolUNITED NATIONS INTELLIGENCE TASKFORCE
(Redirected from UNIT)
The 'United Nations Intelligence Taskforce' (also known as 'UNIT') is a fictional military organization from the British science fiction television series ''Doctor Who''. Operating under the auspices of the United Nations, its purpose is to investigate and combat paranormal and extraterrestrial threats to the Earth. In the original Doctor Who series, several UNIT personnel (such as The Brigadier) played a major role in the series. In the new ''Doctor Who'' series, UNIT has been referenced and appeared a few times but no specific UNIT personnel have been involved with the show the way they had been in the old series.
The roots of the organisation in the history of the ''Doctor Who'' universe lie in two such extraterrestrial incursions. The first was related in the Seventh Doctor serial ''Remembrance of the Daleks'' (1988). In that incident, two Dalek factions fought a battle in London over the Time Lord artefact known as the Hand of Omega in late 1963. They were defeated by a company of infantrymen from the RAF Regiment, commanded by Group Captain "Chunky" Gilmore, along with help from the mysterious time traveller known as the Doctor. Gilmore also had the assistance of a Scientific Advisor, Dr. Rachel Jensen. The model of a specialised military force with scientific assistance would form the basis of the future UNIT.
The second incursion, as seen in the Second Doctor serial ''The Web of Fear'' (1968), was an attempt to take over London by a disembodied entity known as the Great Intelligence, using robotic Yetis and a deadly cobweb-like fungus. Another small group of British infantrymen, led this time by Colonel Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart of the Scots Guards (assisted by the Doctor) beat back the attempted conquest in the tunnels of the London Underground.
Following the Yeti Incident, the United Nations became aware that the world faced threats from extraterrestrial sources, and that with the space program sending probes deeper and deeper into space, mankind had drawn attention to itself. Consequently, the United Nations established UNIT with the mandate to investigate, monitor and combat such threats; the United Nations is given jurisdiction over first contact situations, as revealed in ''The Sound of Drums''. Lethbridge-Stewart was promoted to the rank of Brigadier and put in charge of the British contingent, which was apparently under the purview of the British government's 'Department C19'. Department C19 was first mentioned in the serial ''Time-Flight'', being the department at whose behest the Fifth Doctor investigated the mystery of a Concorde aeroplane that had disappeared. Several of the spin-off novels explore the idea that C19 gathers up alien technology for their own ends.
The newly formed UNIT's baptism of fire was an invasion by the Cybermen, in the ''The Invasion'' (1968). UNIT repulsed this, once again with the Second Doctor's help. Following this, Lethbridge-Stewart became convinced of the necessity of scientific advice in battling extraterrestrial threats, and recruited Dr Elizabeth Shaw from Cambridge. Coincidentally, the Third Doctor had been exiled to Earth by the Time Lords, and he agreed to join UNIT as its Scientific Advisor just in time to help defeat the Autons (''Spearhead from Space'').
UNIT first operated out of an office building in London and subsequently moved to a headquarters in the country that had been built over the ruins of a priory (''Pyramids of Mars''). Its main headquarters, mentioned but never seen in the television series, is with the United Nations in Geneva.
When the Third Doctor's exile was lifted, his association with UNIT became more sporadic, especially after his regeneration into his fourth incarnation. The last appearance of UNIT in the series for many years was in ''The Seeds of Doom'' (1976); however, the organisation continued to execute its mandate to investigate and combat alien activity.
Lethbridge-Stewart retired in 1976 (''Mawdryn Undead'', 1983), and was succeeded by Colonel Crichton (''The Five Doctors''). UNIT did not appear again in force until the Seventh Doctor serial, ''Battlefield'' (1989), where the British contingent was commanded by Brigadier Winifred Bambera, and Lethbridge-Stewart was called out of retirement to help defeat an other-dimensional invasion of armoured knights led by Morgaine.
UNIT was referenced by abbreviation and full name in the 2005 series episodes "Aliens of London" and "World War Three", where it sent a delegation to a gathering of experts at 10 Downing Street in response to a spaceship crashing in the River Thames. All of the experts were electrocuted by the alien Slitheen. None of the members of UNIT seen were from the original series, although one of them may have been the ''Doctor Who Magazine'' comic strip character Muriel Frost.
Following the broadcast of the 2005 series, in his regular column in ''Doctor Who Magazine'' #360 (August 2005), new series executive producer Russell T. Davies explained that the real life United Nations were no longer happy to be associated with the fictional organisation, and the UN's full name could not now be used. However, the "UNIT" and "UN" abbreviations can be used, as long as it is not explained what the letters stand for. It is unclear how this affects UNIT appearances in the various spin-off media.
In "The Christmas Invasion", Prime Minister Harriet Jones visited a UNIT facility in the Tower of London. In conversation with Major Blake, who appeared to be in charge of the facility, Jones discussed Torchwood, a secret group that she should not have been aware of. Although the United Nations was also supposed to be unaware of Torchwood's existence, Blake had certainly heard of it and contacted it at Jones's request. This may indicate that although the British contingent of UNIT are still affiliated with the United Nations, there are still things that it keeps from its parent organisation.
In the ''Torchwood'' episode "Ghost Machine", Owen Harper is seen shuffling through a stack of fake identification cards, one of which is a UNIT pass. On two occasions in the episode "Greeks Bearing Gifts", Jack Harkness mentions putting together some documents for UNIT. The organisation is mentioned again in the first series finale, "End of Days", as one of the groups that have contacted Jack about the events of that episode.
In "The Sound of Drums", UNIT is shown to own a stratospheric aircraft carrier called ''Valiant'', similar to the Spectrum Cloudbase from ''Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons'', and the S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier from Marvel Comics (see the section on regarding UNIT's comic strip appearances, below) designed by Minister of Defence and later Prime Minister Harold "Harry" Saxon (alias the Master). UNIT assumes control of handling the Toclafane visitation, not knowing it has been secretly engineered by the Master; near the end of the episode, brief radio reports can be heard suggesting UNIT is being overwhelmed by the Toclafane invasion.
UNIT's status is supported by enabling legislation that allows it to assume emergency powers when necessary (''The Green Death''). Although it operates under the authority of the United Nations, its members are seconded from the host country's military and are still bound to obey that chain of command (''Spearhead from Space''). Lethbridge-Stewart, for example, reported to the Ministry of Defence and the Prime Minister. However, where such orders conflict, appeals can be made to Geneva. Due to the international nature of the organisation, it is sometimes viewed with suspicion by local military and national security agencies, who feel that it might impinge on their sovereignty (''The Ambassadors of Death''). UNIT's existence is known to the public, but mainly as a security organisation with scientific expertise (''The Three Doctors''); its actual agenda is classified, some believing it to be some kind of covert counter-terrorist unit.
Its personnel have a wide range of weaponry to call on, some custom-made to combat specific threats. Among these are armour-piercing munitions for use against robots and Daleks, explosive rounds for Yetis, silver-tipped rounds for werewolves and vampires, and gold-tipped rounds for use against the Cybermen.
In ''The Invasion'', UNIT had a command centre established in the cargo hold of a C-130 Hercules military transport aircraft. ''The Dæmons'' featured the UNIT Mobile HQ, a large bus-like vehicle that could be driven to the site of an incident.
Prominent members of the British contingent of UNIT included Liz Shaw, Sergeant Benton, Captain Mike Yates, Jo Grant and later, Harry Sullivan. Civilians who have worked with UNIT include the journalist Sarah Jane Smith. In ''The Claws of Axos'' (1971), an American agent named Bill Filer was sent from Washington to assist in the hunt for the Master.
In "The Christmas Invasion", UNIT is shown to have translation software which can decipher alien languages with great accuracy. The software, or at least the results from the translation, can be loaded on a hand-held device.
In "The Sound of Drums", the flying aircraft carrier ''Valiant'' is introduced.
UNIT has also featured in many Doctor Who spin-offs. The canonical status of these with respect to each other and to the original series is unclear. Different spin-offs have made varying attempts to be consistent with other stories.
In 1984, a stage comedy titled ''Recall UNIT: The Great Tea-Bag Mystery'' was produced, written by Richard Franklin (Captain Yates) who also reprised his character in the play. The cast included John Levene as Benton and Richard Franklin as Captain Yates and was performed between August 20 and August 24 as part of the Edinburgh Fringe Festival. Due to other commitments, Nicholas Courtney was unable to appear as the Brigadier, even though the script had been written for him, but pre-recorded a telephone message from Lethbridge-Stewart which was written into the plot.
The novelisation of ''Remembrance of the Daleks'' by Ben Aaronovitch mentioned that the troops that Gilmour commanded were from the "Intrusion Counter-Measures Group". ''UNIT Exposed'', the 1991 ''Doctor Who Magazine Winter Special'', suggested that the ICMG was a forerunner of UNIT. This was picked up on and expanded in the spin-off novel ''Who Killed Kennedy'' by David Bishop, which provides a fictional history of UNIT from an investigative journalist's perspective. The novel also reveals Lethbridge-Stewart's role in proposing the formation of UNIT after the Yeti incident.
Both Virgin Publishing's Missing Adventures and BBC Books' Past Doctor Adventures have set stories in the UNIT era and have revealed new information about UNIT's past, present and future. The New Adventures novel ''Just War'' by Lance Parkin mentions LONGBOW, a world security organisation set up by the League of Nations that encountered the occasional extraterrestrial incident but was disbanded after it and the League failed to prevent World War II.
''The Dying Days'', also by Parkin named the French division of UNIT as NUIT ('N'ations 'U'nies 'I'ntelligence 'T'askforce), and the Eighth Doctor Adventure ''Emotional Chemistry'' by Simon A. Forward named the Russian division ОГРОН (OGRON) ('О'перативная 'Г'руппа 'Р'азведкой 'О'бъединённых 'Н'аций, or, 'O'perativnaya 'G'ruppa 'R'asvedkoy 'O'byedinyonnih 'N'atsiy, which roughly translates as "United Nations Reconnaissance Operations Group"). The Southeast Asian contingent was identified in David A. McIntee's ''Bullet Time'' as UNIT-SEA.
''The Devil Goblins from Neptune'' by Keith Topping and Martin Day introduced a division within the Central Intelligence Agency headed by a man known only as Control, which has featured as a rival to UNIT in several subsequent novels. ''Alien Bodies'' by Lawrence Miles introduced a more ruthless UN division called UNISYC ('U'nited 'N'ations 'I'ntelligence 'S'ecurity 'Y'ard 'C'orps), which by the 2040s has replaced UNIT. By the 26th century, UNIT has transformed into a secret society called the Unitatus, pledged to defend the Earth against alien threats, first seen in Parkin's ''Cold Fusion''. The Unitatus last at least until the 30th century (''So Vile a Sin'' by Ben Aaronovitch and Kate Orman).
The Bernice Summerfield stories (both in prose and audio play form) are set in the 26th century and feature an organisation called the Knights of Jeneve. The Knights may or may not be connected with UNIT, given that "Jeneve" appears to be a corruption of "Geneva". The Knights were founded in the 23rd century and it is unclear what their connection with the Unitatus is, or even if the two exist in the same continuity.
The ''Doctor Who Magazine'' comic strip also frequently featured UNIT, and in the 1980s introduced a new UNIT officer, Muriel Frost. One story, ''Final Genesis'', was set in a parallel universe in which humanity has made peace with the Silurians, and UNIT has become the 'U'nited 'R'aces 'I'ntelligence 'C'ommand.
UNIT has also appeared in the more mainstream Marvel Comics, for example, in at least one issue of ''Uncanny X-Men'', where a character identified as Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart was seen briefly from behind, addressing a Sergeant-Major Benton. In later comics (notably ''Excalibur''), a British taskforce dealing with extraterrestrial threats appeared: the Weird Happenings Organisation, or WHO, commanded by the female Brigadier Alysande Stuart, occasionally assisted by her brother Dr Alistair Stuart (who also claimed to know "a chap from Gallifrey").
An alternate universe version of UNIT and the Brigadier (played once again by Courtney) appeared in the ''Doctor Who Unbound'' audio play, ''Sympathy For The Devil'', produced by Big Finish Productions. In this story, UNIT was commanded by the abrasive Colonel Brimmicombe-Wood, played by David Tennant (later to be cast as the Tenth Doctor in the revived television programme).
In December 2004 Big Finish released '', the first of a new series of UNIT audio plays, featuring a retired General Sir Alistair Lethbridge-Stewart as an advisor to a new generation of officers. A preview episode (given away free with ''Doctor Who Magazine'' #351), '', had Lethbridge-Stewart finally breaking decades of secrecy by informing a press conference of UNIT's true purpose as humanity's first line of defence against the unknown (although, as it turned out, the general public believed this to be a hoax). The series also introduced another rival division, this time within the British government, the 'I'nternal 'C'ounter-'I'ntelligence 'S'ervice, or ICIS.
The protagonists for most of this series were Colonel Emily Chaudhry (a public-relations specialist played by Siri O'Neal), Lieutenant Will Hoffman (Robert Curbishley) and Colonel Robert Dalton (a veteran of the British Army temporarily assigned to UNIT, played by Nicholas Deal). Hoffman and Dalton were killed in the third instalment, ''. In the fourth and so far final play, '', Brimmicombe-Wood returned (again played by Tennant) and was revealed to be have been the commander of ICIS all along, and working to destroy UNIT from within. The short story "The Terror of the Darkness" in the collection '' revealed that Chaudhry and Hoffman had previously travelled with the Sixth Doctor. Their adventures continued in "Incongruous Details" ('').
In 1987, John Levene reprised his role as Benton for a made-for-video film entitled ''Wartime''. Produced by Reeltime Pictures, this was the first independently made ''Doctor Who'' spin-off film and would be followed by many others over the next 20 years. In 1997, the film was revised with voice-over dialogue provided by Nicholas Courtney in character as Lethbridge-Stewart.
BBV have made a trilogy of UNIT videos involving the Autons, although they feature none of the original members.
In ''Scream of the Shalka'', Major Kennet hands the Doctor a folder with a UNIT crest on it.
For the new television series, BBC created a faux website for UNIT at www.unit.org.uk, complete with "easter eggs" that can be accessed by the reader with the passwords "bison" and "buffalo" (the latter mentioned on screen in "World War Three"). "Bison" (now changed to "badwolf") uncovers a section which provides UNIT point-of-view reports about various events in the 2005 series, although its canonical status, like that of the spin-off media, is debatable. Due to the objections by the United Nations as noted above, the letters "UN" are no longer expanded to "United Nations" on the website.
Main articles: UNIT dating controversy
The original 1963-1989 series presented conflicting evidence about when the stories featuring UNIT were meant to take place, and there has been much confusion and continuing fan debate on this subject. Although there is strong evidence that at least some of the production team intended for the UNIT stories to take place in the "near future", this policy was not consistently applied and there is equally strong evidence to suggest the stories took place at the time of their broadcast. Whether the stories take place contemporaneously with the broadcast dates or a few years in the future is therefore highly debatable — with the exception of ''Battlefield'', which is explicitly set in an unspecified near future.
★ List of UNIT personnel in Doctor Who
★ UNIT website
★ The U.N.I.T. Files - fan-written website
The 'United Nations Intelligence Taskforce' (also known as 'UNIT') is a fictional military organization from the British science fiction television series ''Doctor Who''. Operating under the auspices of the United Nations, its purpose is to investigate and combat paranormal and extraterrestrial threats to the Earth. In the original Doctor Who series, several UNIT personnel (such as The Brigadier) played a major role in the series. In the new ''Doctor Who'' series, UNIT has been referenced and appeared a few times but no specific UNIT personnel have been involved with the show the way they had been in the old series.
| Contents |
| History |
| Organisation and equipment |
| Other appearances |
| Stage play |
| Novels |
| Comic strips |
| Audio plays |
| Other media |
| UNIT dating |
| See also |
| External links |
History
UNIT in action (from ''Spearhead from Space'').
The roots of the organisation in the history of the ''Doctor Who'' universe lie in two such extraterrestrial incursions. The first was related in the Seventh Doctor serial ''Remembrance of the Daleks'' (1988). In that incident, two Dalek factions fought a battle in London over the Time Lord artefact known as the Hand of Omega in late 1963. They were defeated by a company of infantrymen from the RAF Regiment, commanded by Group Captain "Chunky" Gilmore, along with help from the mysterious time traveller known as the Doctor. Gilmore also had the assistance of a Scientific Advisor, Dr. Rachel Jensen. The model of a specialised military force with scientific assistance would form the basis of the future UNIT.
The second incursion, as seen in the Second Doctor serial ''The Web of Fear'' (1968), was an attempt to take over London by a disembodied entity known as the Great Intelligence, using robotic Yetis and a deadly cobweb-like fungus. Another small group of British infantrymen, led this time by Colonel Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart of the Scots Guards (assisted by the Doctor) beat back the attempted conquest in the tunnels of the London Underground.
Variant UNIT insignia used on the website in 2005.
Following the Yeti Incident, the United Nations became aware that the world faced threats from extraterrestrial sources, and that with the space program sending probes deeper and deeper into space, mankind had drawn attention to itself. Consequently, the United Nations established UNIT with the mandate to investigate, monitor and combat such threats; the United Nations is given jurisdiction over first contact situations, as revealed in ''The Sound of Drums''. Lethbridge-Stewart was promoted to the rank of Brigadier and put in charge of the British contingent, which was apparently under the purview of the British government's 'Department C19'. Department C19 was first mentioned in the serial ''Time-Flight'', being the department at whose behest the Fifth Doctor investigated the mystery of a Concorde aeroplane that had disappeared. Several of the spin-off novels explore the idea that C19 gathers up alien technology for their own ends.
The newly formed UNIT's baptism of fire was an invasion by the Cybermen, in the ''The Invasion'' (1968). UNIT repulsed this, once again with the Second Doctor's help. Following this, Lethbridge-Stewart became convinced of the necessity of scientific advice in battling extraterrestrial threats, and recruited Dr Elizabeth Shaw from Cambridge. Coincidentally, the Third Doctor had been exiled to Earth by the Time Lords, and he agreed to join UNIT as its Scientific Advisor just in time to help defeat the Autons (''Spearhead from Space'').
UNIT insignia first used in ''Battlefield'', also seen on the UNIT website.
UNIT first operated out of an office building in London and subsequently moved to a headquarters in the country that had been built over the ruins of a priory (''Pyramids of Mars''). Its main headquarters, mentioned but never seen in the television series, is with the United Nations in Geneva.
When the Third Doctor's exile was lifted, his association with UNIT became more sporadic, especially after his regeneration into his fourth incarnation. The last appearance of UNIT in the series for many years was in ''The Seeds of Doom'' (1976); however, the organisation continued to execute its mandate to investigate and combat alien activity.
Variant UNIT insignia used in "The Christmas Invasion", on uniforms, doors and windows. A further variant with a coloured globe was used on computers.
Lethbridge-Stewart retired in 1976 (''Mawdryn Undead'', 1983), and was succeeded by Colonel Crichton (''The Five Doctors''). UNIT did not appear again in force until the Seventh Doctor serial, ''Battlefield'' (1989), where the British contingent was commanded by Brigadier Winifred Bambera, and Lethbridge-Stewart was called out of retirement to help defeat an other-dimensional invasion of armoured knights led by Morgaine.
UNIT was referenced by abbreviation and full name in the 2005 series episodes "Aliens of London" and "World War Three", where it sent a delegation to a gathering of experts at 10 Downing Street in response to a spaceship crashing in the River Thames. All of the experts were electrocuted by the alien Slitheen. None of the members of UNIT seen were from the original series, although one of them may have been the ''Doctor Who Magazine'' comic strip character Muriel Frost.
Following the broadcast of the 2005 series, in his regular column in ''Doctor Who Magazine'' #360 (August 2005), new series executive producer Russell T. Davies explained that the real life United Nations were no longer happy to be associated with the fictional organisation, and the UN's full name could not now be used. However, the "UNIT" and "UN" abbreviations can be used, as long as it is not explained what the letters stand for. It is unclear how this affects UNIT appearances in the various spin-off media.
In "The Christmas Invasion", Prime Minister Harriet Jones visited a UNIT facility in the Tower of London. In conversation with Major Blake, who appeared to be in charge of the facility, Jones discussed Torchwood, a secret group that she should not have been aware of. Although the United Nations was also supposed to be unaware of Torchwood's existence, Blake had certainly heard of it and contacted it at Jones's request. This may indicate that although the British contingent of UNIT are still affiliated with the United Nations, there are still things that it keeps from its parent organisation.
In the ''Torchwood'' episode "Ghost Machine", Owen Harper is seen shuffling through a stack of fake identification cards, one of which is a UNIT pass. On two occasions in the episode "Greeks Bearing Gifts", Jack Harkness mentions putting together some documents for UNIT. The organisation is mentioned again in the first series finale, "End of Days", as one of the groups that have contacted Jack about the events of that episode.
In "The Sound of Drums", UNIT is shown to own a stratospheric aircraft carrier called ''Valiant'', similar to the Spectrum Cloudbase from ''Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons'', and the S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier from Marvel Comics (see the section on regarding UNIT's comic strip appearances, below) designed by Minister of Defence and later Prime Minister Harold "Harry" Saxon (alias the Master). UNIT assumes control of handling the Toclafane visitation, not knowing it has been secretly engineered by the Master; near the end of the episode, brief radio reports can be heard suggesting UNIT is being overwhelmed by the Toclafane invasion.
Organisation and equipment
UNIT's status is supported by enabling legislation that allows it to assume emergency powers when necessary (''The Green Death''). Although it operates under the authority of the United Nations, its members are seconded from the host country's military and are still bound to obey that chain of command (''Spearhead from Space''). Lethbridge-Stewart, for example, reported to the Ministry of Defence and the Prime Minister. However, where such orders conflict, appeals can be made to Geneva. Due to the international nature of the organisation, it is sometimes viewed with suspicion by local military and national security agencies, who feel that it might impinge on their sovereignty (''The Ambassadors of Death''). UNIT's existence is known to the public, but mainly as a security organisation with scientific expertise (''The Three Doctors''); its actual agenda is classified, some believing it to be some kind of covert counter-terrorist unit.
Its personnel have a wide range of weaponry to call on, some custom-made to combat specific threats. Among these are armour-piercing munitions for use against robots and Daleks, explosive rounds for Yetis, silver-tipped rounds for werewolves and vampires, and gold-tipped rounds for use against the Cybermen.
In ''The Invasion'', UNIT had a command centre established in the cargo hold of a C-130 Hercules military transport aircraft. ''The Dæmons'' featured the UNIT Mobile HQ, a large bus-like vehicle that could be driven to the site of an incident.
Prominent members of the British contingent of UNIT included Liz Shaw, Sergeant Benton, Captain Mike Yates, Jo Grant and later, Harry Sullivan. Civilians who have worked with UNIT include the journalist Sarah Jane Smith. In ''The Claws of Axos'' (1971), an American agent named Bill Filer was sent from Washington to assist in the hunt for the Master.
In "The Christmas Invasion", UNIT is shown to have translation software which can decipher alien languages with great accuracy. The software, or at least the results from the translation, can be loaded on a hand-held device.
In "The Sound of Drums", the flying aircraft carrier ''Valiant'' is introduced.
Other appearances
UNIT has also featured in many Doctor Who spin-offs. The canonical status of these with respect to each other and to the original series is unclear. Different spin-offs have made varying attempts to be consistent with other stories.
Stage play
In 1984, a stage comedy titled ''Recall UNIT: The Great Tea-Bag Mystery'' was produced, written by Richard Franklin (Captain Yates) who also reprised his character in the play. The cast included John Levene as Benton and Richard Franklin as Captain Yates and was performed between August 20 and August 24 as part of the Edinburgh Fringe Festival. Due to other commitments, Nicholas Courtney was unable to appear as the Brigadier, even though the script had been written for him, but pre-recorded a telephone message from Lethbridge-Stewart which was written into the plot.
Novels
The novelisation of ''Remembrance of the Daleks'' by Ben Aaronovitch mentioned that the troops that Gilmour commanded were from the "Intrusion Counter-Measures Group". ''UNIT Exposed'', the 1991 ''Doctor Who Magazine Winter Special'', suggested that the ICMG was a forerunner of UNIT. This was picked up on and expanded in the spin-off novel ''Who Killed Kennedy'' by David Bishop, which provides a fictional history of UNIT from an investigative journalist's perspective. The novel also reveals Lethbridge-Stewart's role in proposing the formation of UNIT after the Yeti incident.
Both Virgin Publishing's Missing Adventures and BBC Books' Past Doctor Adventures have set stories in the UNIT era and have revealed new information about UNIT's past, present and future. The New Adventures novel ''Just War'' by Lance Parkin mentions LONGBOW, a world security organisation set up by the League of Nations that encountered the occasional extraterrestrial incident but was disbanded after it and the League failed to prevent World War II.
''The Dying Days'', also by Parkin named the French division of UNIT as NUIT ('N'ations 'U'nies 'I'ntelligence 'T'askforce), and the Eighth Doctor Adventure ''Emotional Chemistry'' by Simon A. Forward named the Russian division ОГРОН (OGRON) ('О'перативная 'Г'руппа 'Р'азведкой 'О'бъединённых 'Н'аций, or, 'O'perativnaya 'G'ruppa 'R'asvedkoy 'O'byedinyonnih 'N'atsiy, which roughly translates as "United Nations Reconnaissance Operations Group"). The Southeast Asian contingent was identified in David A. McIntee's ''Bullet Time'' as UNIT-SEA.
''The Devil Goblins from Neptune'' by Keith Topping and Martin Day introduced a division within the Central Intelligence Agency headed by a man known only as Control, which has featured as a rival to UNIT in several subsequent novels. ''Alien Bodies'' by Lawrence Miles introduced a more ruthless UN division called UNISYC ('U'nited 'N'ations 'I'ntelligence 'S'ecurity 'Y'ard 'C'orps), which by the 2040s has replaced UNIT. By the 26th century, UNIT has transformed into a secret society called the Unitatus, pledged to defend the Earth against alien threats, first seen in Parkin's ''Cold Fusion''. The Unitatus last at least until the 30th century (''So Vile a Sin'' by Ben Aaronovitch and Kate Orman).
The Bernice Summerfield stories (both in prose and audio play form) are set in the 26th century and feature an organisation called the Knights of Jeneve. The Knights may or may not be connected with UNIT, given that "Jeneve" appears to be a corruption of "Geneva". The Knights were founded in the 23rd century and it is unclear what their connection with the Unitatus is, or even if the two exist in the same continuity.
Comic strips
The ''Doctor Who Magazine'' comic strip also frequently featured UNIT, and in the 1980s introduced a new UNIT officer, Muriel Frost. One story, ''Final Genesis'', was set in a parallel universe in which humanity has made peace with the Silurians, and UNIT has become the 'U'nited 'R'aces 'I'ntelligence 'C'ommand.
UNIT has also appeared in the more mainstream Marvel Comics, for example, in at least one issue of ''Uncanny X-Men'', where a character identified as Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart was seen briefly from behind, addressing a Sergeant-Major Benton. In later comics (notably ''Excalibur''), a British taskforce dealing with extraterrestrial threats appeared: the Weird Happenings Organisation, or WHO, commanded by the female Brigadier Alysande Stuart, occasionally assisted by her brother Dr Alistair Stuart (who also claimed to know "a chap from Gallifrey").
Audio plays
An alternate universe version of UNIT and the Brigadier (played once again by Courtney) appeared in the ''Doctor Who Unbound'' audio play, ''Sympathy For The Devil'', produced by Big Finish Productions. In this story, UNIT was commanded by the abrasive Colonel Brimmicombe-Wood, played by David Tennant (later to be cast as the Tenth Doctor in the revived television programme).
In December 2004 Big Finish released '', the first of a new series of UNIT audio plays, featuring a retired General Sir Alistair Lethbridge-Stewart as an advisor to a new generation of officers. A preview episode (given away free with ''Doctor Who Magazine'' #351), '', had Lethbridge-Stewart finally breaking decades of secrecy by informing a press conference of UNIT's true purpose as humanity's first line of defence against the unknown (although, as it turned out, the general public believed this to be a hoax). The series also introduced another rival division, this time within the British government, the 'I'nternal 'C'ounter-'I'ntelligence 'S'ervice, or ICIS.
The protagonists for most of this series were Colonel Emily Chaudhry (a public-relations specialist played by Siri O'Neal), Lieutenant Will Hoffman (Robert Curbishley) and Colonel Robert Dalton (a veteran of the British Army temporarily assigned to UNIT, played by Nicholas Deal). Hoffman and Dalton were killed in the third instalment, ''. In the fourth and so far final play, '', Brimmicombe-Wood returned (again played by Tennant) and was revealed to be have been the commander of ICIS all along, and working to destroy UNIT from within. The short story "The Terror of the Darkness" in the collection '' revealed that Chaudhry and Hoffman had previously travelled with the Sixth Doctor. Their adventures continued in "Incongruous Details" ('').
Other media
In 1987, John Levene reprised his role as Benton for a made-for-video film entitled ''Wartime''. Produced by Reeltime Pictures, this was the first independently made ''Doctor Who'' spin-off film and would be followed by many others over the next 20 years. In 1997, the film was revised with voice-over dialogue provided by Nicholas Courtney in character as Lethbridge-Stewart.
BBV have made a trilogy of UNIT videos involving the Autons, although they feature none of the original members.
In ''Scream of the Shalka'', Major Kennet hands the Doctor a folder with a UNIT crest on it.
For the new television series, BBC created a faux website for UNIT at www.unit.org.uk, complete with "easter eggs" that can be accessed by the reader with the passwords "bison" and "buffalo" (the latter mentioned on screen in "World War Three"). "Bison" (now changed to "badwolf") uncovers a section which provides UNIT point-of-view reports about various events in the 2005 series, although its canonical status, like that of the spin-off media, is debatable. Due to the objections by the United Nations as noted above, the letters "UN" are no longer expanded to "United Nations" on the website.
UNIT dating
Main articles: UNIT dating controversy
The original 1963-1989 series presented conflicting evidence about when the stories featuring UNIT were meant to take place, and there has been much confusion and continuing fan debate on this subject. Although there is strong evidence that at least some of the production team intended for the UNIT stories to take place in the "near future", this policy was not consistently applied and there is equally strong evidence to suggest the stories took place at the time of their broadcast. Whether the stories take place contemporaneously with the broadcast dates or a few years in the future is therefore highly debatable — with the exception of ''Battlefield'', which is explicitly set in an unspecified near future.
See also
★ List of UNIT personnel in Doctor Who
External links
★ UNIT website
★ The U.N.I.T. Files - fan-written website
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