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EspañolUSS OKLAHOMA (BB-37)
'USS ''Oklahoma'' (BB-37)', a ''Nevada''-class battleship was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the 46th state. Her keel was laid down on 26 October 1912 by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation of Camden, New Jersey. She was launched on 23 March 1914 sponsored by Miss Lorena J. Cruce, and commissioned at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on 2 May 1916 with Captain Roger Welles in command. She was the last ship of the U.S. Navy to be installed with vertical triple expansion (VTE) reciprocating machinery instead of steam turbines; she had a vibration problem throughout her lifetime as a result.
Early duty assignments
Presidential escort
Oklahoma joined the Atlantic Fleet and was homeported at Norfolk, Virginia. She trained on the eastern seaboard until 13 August 1918, when she joined sister ship ''Nevada''
in the task of protecting Allied convoys in European waters. In December she was among the ships that escorted President of the United States Woodrow Wilson to France, departing December 14 for New York City and winter fleet exercises in Cuban waters. She returned to Brest on 15 June 1919 to escort President Wilson in ''George Washington'' home from his second visit to France, returning to New York on 8 July.
Overhauled and re-assigned
A part of the Atlantic Fleet for the next two years, ''Oklahoma'' was overhauled and her crew trained. Early in 1921 she voyaged to South America's west coast for combined exercises with the Pacific Fleet, and returned later that year for the Peruvian Centennial. She then joined the Pacific Fleet for six years, highlighted by the cruise of the Battle Fleet to Australia and New Zealand in 1925. Joining the Scouting Fleet in early 1927, ''Oklahoma'' continued intensive exercises during that summer's Midshipmen Cruise, voyaging to the East Coast to embark midshipmen, carrying them through the Panama Canal to San Francisco, and returning by the way of Cuba and Haiti.
Rescuing Americans in Spain
After being modernized at Philadelphia between September 1927 and July 1929, ''Oklahoma'' rejoined the Scouting Fleet for exercises in the Caribbean Sea, and then returned to the west coast in June 1930 for fleet operations through spring 1936. That summer she carried midshipmen on a European training cruise, visiting northern ports. The cruise was interrupted with the outbreak of civil war in Spain, as ''Oklahoma'' sped to Bilbao, arriving on 24 July 1936 to rescue American citizens and other refugees whom she carried to Gibraltar and French ports. She returned to Norfolk on 11 September, and to the West Coast 24 October.
The Pacific Fleet operations of the ''Oklahoma'' during the next four years included joint operations with the Army and the training of reservists.
Pearl Harbor assignment
USS Oklahoma burns in foreground; December 7, 1941
===Attacked on December 7, 1941===
She was based at Pearl Harbor from 6 December 1940 for patrols and exercises, and was moored in Battleship Row on 7 December 1941, when the Japanese attacked. Outboard alongside USS ''Maryland'', ''Oklahoma'' took three torpedo hits almost immediately after the first Japanese bombs fell. As she began to capsize, two more torpedoes struck home, and her men were strafed as they abandoned ship. Within 20 minutes after the attack began, she had rolled over until halted by her masts touching bottom, her starboard side above water, and a part of her keel clear.
First recorded death of a chaplain
Many of her crew, however, remained in the fight, clambering aboard ''Maryland'' to help serve her antiaircraft batteries. Twenty officers and 395 enlisted men were either killed or missing. One of those killed - Father Aloysius Schmitt - was the first American chaplain of any faith to die in the Second World War. Thirty-two others were wounded, and many were trapped within the capsized hull, to be saved by heroic rescue efforts. Such an effort was that of Julio DeCastro, a civilian yard worker who organized the team which saved 32 ''Oklahoma'' sailors. Some of those who died later had ships named after them such as ENS John Charles England for whom USS England DE-635 and USS England DLG-22/CG-22 are named.
Salvaging the ''Oklahoma''
The difficult salvage job was commenced on 15 July 1942 by Pearl Harbour Naval Shipyard men under the immediate command of Captain F.H. Whitaker, USN. Preparations for righting the overturned hull took 7¾ months. The actual righting took 3¼ months, between 8 March 1943 and 16 June, with ''Oklahoma'' being towed into dry dock on 28 December. Decommissioned 1 September 1944, ''Oklahoma'' was stripped of guns and superstructure, and sold on 5 December 1946 to Moore Drydock Company of Oakland, California. ''Oklahoma'' sank on 17 May 1947, 540 miles out of Pearl Harbor, while being towed to San Francisco.
''Oklahoma'' received one battle star for her World War II service.
See also
★ List of U.S. Navy losses in World War II
★ Nevada class battleships
★ Attack on Pearl Harbor
★ World War II
★ Father Aloysius Schmitt
★ Killed in action
★ United States Navy
★ Oklahoma
★ Ensign John Charles England
References
★ Beigel, Harvey M. ''Parallel Fates: The USS Utah (BB 31/AG-16) and the USS Oklahoma (BB-37) in Peace and War.'' Missoula, Montana: Pictorial Histories Publishing Co., 2004. ISBN 1575101130
Related works
See Daniel Madsen's ''Resurrection-Salvaging the Battle Fleet at Pearl Harbor''. U. S. Naval Institute Press. 2003, for a detailed account of her salvage.
External links
★ US Navy Historical Center gallery
★ USS Oklahoma - Death of a Battleship (1916-1941)
★ Maritimequest USS Oklahoma BB-37 Photo Gallery
★ 2003: Survivors dedicate Pearl Harbor USS Oklahoma Memorial highway
★ NavSource Online: Battleship Photo Archive BB-37 USS OKLAHOMA 1912 - 1926
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