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EspañolULTRASTRONG TOPOLOGY
In functional analysis, the 'ultrastrong topology', or 'σ-strong topology', or 'strongest topology' on the set ''B(H)'' of bounded operators on a Hilbert space is the topology defined by the family of seminorms pw(x) for positive elements w of the predual L(H)
★ of trace class operators. (The seminorm ''p''''w''(''x'') for ''w'' positive in the predual is defined to be
''w''(''x
★ x'')1/2.)
It was introduced by von Neumann in 1936.
The ultrastrong topology is similar to the strong (operator) topology.
For example, on any norm-bounded set the strong operator and ultrastrong topologies
are the same. The ultrastrong topology is stronger than the strong operator topology.
One problem with the strong operator topology is that the dual of ''B(H)'' with the strong operator topology is
"too small". The ultrastrong topology fixes this problem: the dual is the full predual
''B
★ (H)'' of all trace class operators. In general the ultrastrong topology is better than the strong operator topology, but is more complicated to define so people usually use the strong operator topology if they can get away with it.
The ultrastrong topology can be obtained from the strong operator topology as follows.
If ''H''1 is a separable infinite dimensional Hilbert space
then ''B(H)'' can be embedded in ''B''(''H''⊗''H''1) by tensoring with the identity map on ''H''1. Then the restriction of the strong operator topology on
''B''(''H''⊗''H''1) is the ultrastrong topology of ''B(H)''.
The adjoint map is not continuous in the ultrastrong topology. There is another topology called the ultrastrong
★ topology, which is the weakest topology stronger than the ultrastrong topology such that the adjoint map is continuous.
★ Topologies on the set of operators on a Hilbert space
★ ultraweak topology
★ strong operator topology
★ J. von Neumann On a Certain Topology for Rings of Operators The Annals of Mathematics 2nd Ser., Vol. 37, No. 1 (Jan., 1936), pp. 111-115.
★ of trace class operators. (The seminorm ''p''''w''(''x'') for ''w'' positive in the predual is defined to be
''w''(''x
★ x'')1/2.)
It was introduced by von Neumann in 1936.
| Contents |
| Relation with the strong (operator) topology |
| See also |
| References |
Relation with the strong (operator) topology
The ultrastrong topology is similar to the strong (operator) topology.
For example, on any norm-bounded set the strong operator and ultrastrong topologies
are the same. The ultrastrong topology is stronger than the strong operator topology.
One problem with the strong operator topology is that the dual of ''B(H)'' with the strong operator topology is
"too small". The ultrastrong topology fixes this problem: the dual is the full predual
''B
★ (H)'' of all trace class operators. In general the ultrastrong topology is better than the strong operator topology, but is more complicated to define so people usually use the strong operator topology if they can get away with it.
The ultrastrong topology can be obtained from the strong operator topology as follows.
If ''H''1 is a separable infinite dimensional Hilbert space
then ''B(H)'' can be embedded in ''B''(''H''⊗''H''1) by tensoring with the identity map on ''H''1. Then the restriction of the strong operator topology on
''B''(''H''⊗''H''1) is the ultrastrong topology of ''B(H)''.
The adjoint map is not continuous in the ultrastrong topology. There is another topology called the ultrastrong
★ topology, which is the weakest topology stronger than the ultrastrong topology such that the adjoint map is continuous.
See also
★ Topologies on the set of operators on a Hilbert space
★ ultraweak topology
★ strong operator topology
References
★ J. von Neumann On a Certain Topology for Rings of Operators The Annals of Mathematics 2nd Ser., Vol. 37, No. 1 (Jan., 1936), pp. 111-115.
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