VITACEAE

'Vitaceae' are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants including the grape and Virginia creeper. The family name is derived from the genus ''Vitis''. The name sometimes appears as 'Vitidaceae', but Vitaceae is a conserved name and therefore has priority over both Vitidaceae and another name sometimes found in the older literature, 'Ampelidaceae'.
The relationships of Vitaceae are unclear and the family does not appear to have any close relatives. In the Cronquist system, the family was placed near the family Rhamnaceae in order Rhamnales. The family was placed in the Rosid clade, but not classified in an order, by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). The Angiosperm Phylogeny Web places Vitaceae in its own order, Vitales. Recent phylogenetic analyses support Vitaceae as the sister-group to all other rosids (Jansen et al. 2006).
Most ''Vitis'' species have 38 chromosomes (n=19), but 40 (n=20) in subgenus ''Muscadinia'', while ''Ampelocissus'', ''Parthenocissus'', and ''Ampelopsis'' also have 40 chromosomes (n=20) and ''Cissus'' has 24 chromosomes (n=12).
The family is economically important as grapes (''Vitis'' species) are an important fruit crop and, when fermented, produce wine.
Species of the genus ''Tetrastigma'' serve as hosts to parasitic plants in the family Rafflesiaceae.
''Leea'', sometimes classified in its own family, Leeaceae, is included in Vitaceae by the APG and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Web.

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References and external links

References and external links

★ R. K. Jansen, C. Kaittanis, S. B. Lee, C. Saski, J. Tomkins, A. J. Alverson and H. Daniell. 2006. Phylogenetic analyses of ''Vitis'' (Vitaceae) based on complete chloroplast genome sequences: effects of taxon sampling and phylogenetic methods on resolving relationships among rosids. ''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' 6: 32 [published online, 14 pp.].

★ Vitaceae at the Angiosperm Phylogeny Web

★ Vitidaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. http://delta-intkey.com