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(Redirected from Volozhin Yeshiva)
The 'Valozhyn Yeshiva', also known as the 'Etz Chaim Yeshiva', was a yeshiva situated in Valozhyn, present-day Belarus during the 19th century. Valozhyn Yeshiva is known as "the mother of yeshivas".
The yeshiva was founded by Rabbi Chaim Valozhyn in 1803 who was a student of the Vilna Gaon. Reb Chaim's son Isaac took over in 1821. When Isaac died in 1849, Rabbi Eliezer Fried was appointed head of the Yeshiva with Rabbi Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin as his assistant. Rabbi Fried died soon after in 1854 whereupon Rabbi Berlin became the new head along with Rabbi Joseph Ber Soloveichik, Reb Chaim's grandson.
There was disagreement between the two leaders and a delegation of prominent rabbis resolved the dispute by demoting Soloveichik to assistant. In 1865, the latter left to become the rabbi in Brisk.
In 1892, the Volozhin yeshiva shut down. There are several explanations and differing versions of events:
#Russian authorities (influenced by Haskalah elements) sought to introduce a limited program of secular studies into the yeshiva. As this would seriously undermine the aims of the institution, Rabbi Berlin saw no other solution than to let the government close the yeshiva. A variation on this version is that Rabbi Berlin may have been willing to accept the secular studies but not in the manner it was presented by the authorities, with one historical record describing government requirements such as: "All teachers of all subjects must have college diplomas ... no Judaic subjects may be taught between 9 AM and 3 PM ... no night classes are allowed ... total hours of study per day may not exceed ten."
#The yeshiva was closed due to its own internal upheaval. This internal strife was caused by Rabbi Berlin's attempt to install his son as Rosh Yeshiva. Recently available Russian governmental documents of the time clearly point to this conclusion, as described in the publications of Shaul Stampfer.[1]
After the Valozhyn yeshiva was closed down in 1892 by order of the Russian government, Rabbi Refael Shapiro, (the son-in-law of Rabbi Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin), reopened it, albeit on a smaller scale, in 1899.
In 2000 authorities in Valozhyn returned the building to the Jewish Religious Union of Belarus, an Orthodox umbrella organization. A few years later in 2007 the government of Belarus issued an edict which would repossess the famous building from its ownership by the Jewish community unless the community rasied $20,000 in order to renovate of the entire building. In response, the Jewish community in America took action and Agudath Israel raised money to restore the holy site.[2]
1. See The Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History: Shaul Stampfer
2. Old building of Volozhiner Yeshiva to be confiscated
★ Shaul Stampfer, Lithuanian Yeshivas of the Nineteenth Century
★ E. Leoni, Wolozyn; sefer shel ha-ir-shel yeshivat “Ets Hayim” Tel-Aviv, 1970
★ Student Portraits
★ Partial Translation of Wolozyn; sefer shel ha-ir-shel yeshivat “Ets Hayim”
★ The Volozhyn Genealogy Chain
Old photo of the Volozhin yeshiva
The 'Valozhyn Yeshiva', also known as the 'Etz Chaim Yeshiva', was a yeshiva situated in Valozhyn, present-day Belarus during the 19th century. Valozhyn Yeshiva is known as "the mother of yeshivas".
| Contents |
| Establishment (1803) |
| Closure (1892) |
| Threat of repossesion |
| Prominent alumni |
| References |
| Bibliography |
| External links |
Establishment (1803)
The yeshiva was founded by Rabbi Chaim Valozhyn in 1803 who was a student of the Vilna Gaon. Reb Chaim's son Isaac took over in 1821. When Isaac died in 1849, Rabbi Eliezer Fried was appointed head of the Yeshiva with Rabbi Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin as his assistant. Rabbi Fried died soon after in 1854 whereupon Rabbi Berlin became the new head along with Rabbi Joseph Ber Soloveichik, Reb Chaim's grandson.
There was disagreement between the two leaders and a delegation of prominent rabbis resolved the dispute by demoting Soloveichik to assistant. In 1865, the latter left to become the rabbi in Brisk.
Closure (1892)
In 1892, the Volozhin yeshiva shut down. There are several explanations and differing versions of events:
#Russian authorities (influenced by Haskalah elements) sought to introduce a limited program of secular studies into the yeshiva. As this would seriously undermine the aims of the institution, Rabbi Berlin saw no other solution than to let the government close the yeshiva. A variation on this version is that Rabbi Berlin may have been willing to accept the secular studies but not in the manner it was presented by the authorities, with one historical record describing government requirements such as: "All teachers of all subjects must have college diplomas ... no Judaic subjects may be taught between 9 AM and 3 PM ... no night classes are allowed ... total hours of study per day may not exceed ten."
#The yeshiva was closed due to its own internal upheaval. This internal strife was caused by Rabbi Berlin's attempt to install his son as Rosh Yeshiva. Recently available Russian governmental documents of the time clearly point to this conclusion, as described in the publications of Shaul Stampfer.[1]
After the Valozhyn yeshiva was closed down in 1892 by order of the Russian government, Rabbi Refael Shapiro, (the son-in-law of Rabbi Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin), reopened it, albeit on a smaller scale, in 1899.
Threat of repossesion
In 2000 authorities in Valozhyn returned the building to the Jewish Religious Union of Belarus, an Orthodox umbrella organization. A few years later in 2007 the government of Belarus issued an edict which would repossess the famous building from its ownership by the Jewish community unless the community rasied $20,000 in order to renovate of the entire building. In response, the Jewish community in America took action and Agudath Israel raised money to restore the holy site.[2]
Prominent alumni
★ Rabbi Shmuel Aleksandrov ★ Rabbi Meir Bar-Ilan ★ Micha Josef Berdyczewski ★ Rabbi Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin ★ Hayyim Nahman Bialik ★ Rabbi David Cohen ★ Alter Asher Droyanov ★ Rabbi Baruch Epstein ★ Rabbi Moshe Mordechai Epstein | ★ Rabbi Isaac Halevy ★ Rabbi Chaim Ozer Grodzinski ★ Abraham Harkavy ★ Rabbi Shmuel Yitzchak Hillman ★ Rabbi Jacob Joseph ★ Rabbi Chaim Mordechai Katz ★ Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook ★ Moyshe Kulbak ★ Rabbi Baruch Ber Lebowitz ★ Rabbi Aryeh Levin | ★ Rabbi Isser Zalman Meltzer ★ Rabbi Samuel Mohilever ★ Rabbi Yitzchak Yaacov Reines ★ Rabbi Zundel Salant ★ Rabbi Refael Shapiro ★ Rabbi Shimon Shkop ★ Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik ★ Rabbi Elchonon Wasserman ★ Rabbi Kalman Zev Wissotzky |
References
1. See The Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History: Shaul Stampfer
2. Old building of Volozhiner Yeshiva to be confiscated
Bibliography
★ Shaul Stampfer, Lithuanian Yeshivas of the Nineteenth Century
★ E. Leoni, Wolozyn; sefer shel ha-ir-shel yeshivat “Ets Hayim” Tel-Aviv, 1970
External links
★ Student Portraits
★ Partial Translation of Wolozyn; sefer shel ha-ir-shel yeshivat “Ets Hayim”
★ The Volozhyn Genealogy Chain
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