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EspañolWAKHI LANGUAGE
'Wakhi' is an Iranian language in the subranch of Southeastern Iranian languages (see Pamir languages).
| Contents |
| Classification and Distribution |
| In Tajikistan |
| In Pakistan |
| In China |
| Orthography |
| Vocabulary |
| Phonology |
| Vowels |
| Consonants |
| References |
| See also |
| External links |
Classification and Distribution
The Wakhi are of several languages that belong to the Pamir language group. A reflection of this is the fact that the Wakhi are occasional called Pamiris or Mountain Tajiks. The origin of this language is Wakhan, an area divided between in the extreme northeast of Afghanistan and Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in Tajikistan. A very rough estimate of the population of Wakhi Tajiks is 50,000 worldwide. The Wakhi live in four different countries. In the northern areas of Pakistan the Wakhi people mainly live in Gojal, Ishkoman, Darkut, and Broghol. They also live in many parts of Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and China. The religion of the Wakhi is Shia Ismaili Islam; they are followers of Aga Khan IV.
In Tajikistan
There is some controversy surrounding the ethnic and linguistic designation of the Wakhi. In Tajikistan the Wakhi and other communities that speak one of the Pamir languages refer to themselves as Pamiri or Badakhshani and there has been a movement to separate their identity from that of the majority Tajiks. Conversely, in Pakistan the Wakhi refer to themselves as Tajiks. Whether Wakhi is a separate language from Tajik or a dialect of Tajik has been equally controversial. Linguists universally refer to Wakhi as an Iranian language independent of Tajik, but many Tajik nationalists insist that Wakhi and other Pamir languages are actually dialects of Tajik.[1]
In Pakistan
In Pakistan, the central organization of the Wakhi is the Wakhi Tajik Cultural Association Pakistan (WTCA), an organization that is registered with the Government of Pakistan and which works with the collaboration of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and Lok Virsa Pakistan. The Association is working for the preservation of the Wakhi Tajiki language and culture, as well as documenting their poetry and music. The literacy rate among Wakhi Tajiks in the northern areas of Pakistan is about 60%.
Radio Pakistan Gilgit relays the Wakhi radio programme "Sadaye Baamy Dunya", the voice of the roof of the world. The Wakhi Tajik Cultural Association has arranged more than twenty programmes since 1984, which includes cultural shows, musical nights, and large-scale musical festivals with the collaboration of Lok Virsa Pakistan, the Aga Khan Cultural Service Pakistan (AKCSP), and Pakistan television. In 2000, the WTCA won a "Best Programme" organizer award in the Silk Road Festival from the President of Pakistan, Pervez Musharraf. A computerized codification of the Wakhi script has been released, which will help to promote the language development programme and documentation of Wakhi poetry, literature, and history.
[2]
In China
Main articles: Tajiks in China
Orthography
The new Wakhi Alphabet
Sample text from a Bible translation published in 2001 is shown below.[3]
| Wakhi in Roman alphabet | Wakhi in Cyrillic alphabet | English (KJV) |
|---|---|---|
| And he said unto them, When ye pray, say, "Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done, as in heaven, so in earth. | ||
| Give us day by day our daily bread. | ||
| And forgive us our sins; for we also forgive every one that is indebted to us. And lead us not into temptation; but deliver us from evil." |
Vocabulary
The Wakhi lexicon exhibits significant differences with both Western Iranian languages such as Persian or Tajik, and also with the other Pamir languages. Gawarjon's comparison of the dialects of Sarikoli and Wakhi spoken in China and the Western Iranian languages is reproduced below.
| English gloss | Persian | Tajik | Pashto | Shughni | Sarikoli | Wakhi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| son | pisær (پسر) | pisar (писар) | zuj | puts | putr | |
| fire | (اتش) | (оташ) | or | juts | ||
| water | ab (اب) | ob (ов) | obə | xats | xats | jupk |
| hand | dæst (دست) | dast (даѕт) | ||||
| foot | pa (پا) | po (по) | ||||
| tooth | dændan (دندان) | dandon (дандон) | ||||
| eye | (چشم) | (чашм) | stərgə | tsem | tsem | |
| horse | æsb (اسب) | asp (асп) | ||||
| cloud | æbr (ابر) | abr (абр) | uriəz, uriədz | abri | varm | mur |
| wheat | gændum (گندم) | gandum (гандум) | ||||
| meat | (گوشت) | (гушт) | ||||
| many | bisjar (بسيار) | bisjor (бисйор) | ||||
| high | bulænd (بلند) | baland (баланд) | biland | |||
| far | (دور) | dur (дур) | liri | |||
| good | (خوب) | (хуб) | ||||
| small | (خرد) | (хурд) | dzul | |||
| to say | guft (گفت) | guft (гуфт) | wəjəl | levd | ||
| to do | kærd (كرد) | kard (кард) | kəwəl | |||
| to see | did (ديد) | did (дид) | lidəl, kətəl | wing |
Phonology
Vowels
Consonants
References
1. The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire, , Ants, Viires, NGO Red Book, , ISBN 9985-9369-2-2
2. Wakhi Tajik Cultural Association report 1991–2001, , , , Wakhi Tajik Cultural Association, ,
3. {{cite book|title= (Gospel of Luke)|language=Wakhi|date=2001|publisher= Title page: [1], passages in Roman alphabet [2][3], passages in Cyrillic alphabet [4][5]
See also
★ Wakhi (ethnic group)
External links
★ Gojal Valley
★ Ethnologue data: Languages of the World, 15th Edition
★ The Wakhis: Article from the Ismaili dot net
★ English-Ishkashimi-Zebaki-Wakhi-Yazghulami Vocabulary
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