BUTTON CELL
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(Redirected from Watch battery)
A 'watch battery' or 'button cell' is a small form-factor battery designed for use in wrist watches, pocket calculators, hearing aids, and similar compact portable electronics products. Watch batteries are usually a single cell with nominal voltages between 1.5 and 3 V. Common anode materials are zinc or lithium, common cathode materials are manganese dioxide, silver oxide, carbon monofluoride or copper oxide. The cylindrical surface of these types of batteries is part of the positive (+) terminal.
International standard IEC 60086-3 defines an alphanumeric coding system for watch batteries.
The first letter identifies the electrochemical system used in the battery, which also implies a nominal voltage:
The "C"-type 3-V lithium cells are today the most commonly used type in quartz watches, calculators, small PDA devices, and computer motherboard clocks.
Its package's size is identified by a three-to-four digit code, preceded by the letter "R" to indicate a round cell. The first 1–2 digits indicate the outer diameter of the battery (downwards-rounded millimeters), and the last two digits indicate the overall height (downwards-rounded 0.1 millimeters). Examples:
★ CR2032: 20.0 mm diameter, 3.2 mm height
★ SR516: 5.8 mm diameter, 1.6 mm height
ISO/IEC 83-3 lists the following diameter codes:
:4 = (4.8+0−0.15) mm
:5 = (5.8+0−0.15) mm
:6 = (6.8+0−0.15) mm
:7 = (7.9+0−0.15) mm
:9 = (9.5+0−0.15) mm
:10 = (10.0+0−0.20) mm
:11 = (11.6+0−0.20) mm
:12 = (12.5+0−0.25) mm
:16 = (16+0−0.25) mm
:20 = (20+0−0.25) mm
:23 = (23+0−0.50) mm
:24 = (24.5+0−0.50) mm
The following height codes are used with 16–24 mm diameter batteries:
:12 = (1.20+0−0.20) mm
:16 = (1.60+0−0.20) mm
:20 = (2.00+0−0.25) mm
:25 = (2.50+0−0.50) mm
:30 = (3.00+0−0.50) mm
:36 = (3.60+0−0.50) mm
:50 = (5.00+0−0.50) mm
After the package code, the following additional letters may optionally appear in the type designation to
indicate the electrolyte used:
★ S: Sodium hydroxide electrolyte
★ P: Potassium hydroxide electrolyte
★ no letter: organic electrolyte
An appended letter "W" states that this battery complies with all the requirements of the IEC 86-3 standard.
Apart from the type code described in the preceding section, watch batteries should also be marked with
★ the name or trademark of the manufacturer or supplier;
★ the polarity (+);
★ the date of manufacturing.
The manufacturing date can be abbreviated to the last digit of the year, followed a digit or letter indicating the month, where O, Y, and Z are used for October, November and December, respectively (e.g., 01 = January 1990 or January 2000, 9Y = November 1999).
★ Quartz wrist watches, both digital and analog.
★ Calculators
★ Hearing aids
★ Some remote controls, especially for keyless entry
★ Backup power for personal computer real time clocks and BIOS configuration data.
★ Small PDA devices
★ Various electronic toys (tamagotchi)
★ Laser pointers
★ Small LED flashlights are commonly powered by three button (silver-oxide) cells in series.
★ Battery-operated children's books
★ Explosives detonators
Regular watch batteries are not rechargeable. Rechargeable button cells are commercially available, but are not commonly used due to their inferior capacity.
★ Mercury cells are now banned from sale in many countries.
★ Alkali cells are sometimes found in low-end markets, but do only provide a fraction of the capacity of silver oxide or lithium based cells.
★ Zinc-air cells utilize air in the chemical reaction (it is required to remove a plastic foil layer before usage).
★ List of battery sizes (includes list of button/coin/watch batteries)
★ LR44 battery (a common alkaline button cell)
★ IEC 60086-3: Primary batteries — Part 3: Watch batteries. International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, 1995. (also: BS EN 60086-3:1996)
★ http://www.sustainableproduction.org/downloads/MaineDEPButtonBatteryReportFinal12-17-04.pdf Mercury in miniature batteries
★ Coin Cells including CR1025, CR1220, CR1616, CR1620, CR2016, CR2025, CR2032, CR2430 & CR2450
★ Wholesale Coin Cells, 1.55 volt and Lithium cells
Type CR2032 watch battery (lithium anode, 3 V, 20.0 mm × 3.2 mm)
A 'watch battery' or 'button cell' is a small form-factor battery designed for use in wrist watches, pocket calculators, hearing aids, and similar compact portable electronics products. Watch batteries are usually a single cell with nominal voltages between 1.5 and 3 V. Common anode materials are zinc or lithium, common cathode materials are manganese dioxide, silver oxide, carbon monofluoride or copper oxide. The cylindrical surface of these types of batteries is part of the positive (+) terminal.
| Contents |
| Type designation |
| Electrochemical system |
| Package size |
| Final letters |
| Other package markings |
| Common applications |
| Rechargeable variants |
| Other chemical compositions |
| Links |
| References |
| External links |
Type designation
International standard IEC 60086-3 defines an alphanumeric coding system for watch batteries.
Electrochemical system
The first letter identifies the electrochemical system used in the battery, which also implies a nominal voltage:
| Letter code | Positive electrode | Electrolyte | Negative electrode | Nominal voltage | End-point voltage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L | Manganese dioxide | Alkali | Zinc | 1.5 | 1.0 |
| S | Silver oxide | Alkali | Zinc | 1.55 | 1.2 |
| C | Manganese dioxide | Organic | Lithium | 3 | 2.0 |
| B | Carbon monofluoride | Organic | Lithium | 3 | 2.0 |
| G | Copper oxide | Organic | Lithium | 1.5 | 1.2 |
The "C"-type 3-V lithium cells are today the most commonly used type in quartz watches, calculators, small PDA devices, and computer motherboard clocks.
Package size
Its package's size is identified by a three-to-four digit code, preceded by the letter "R" to indicate a round cell. The first 1–2 digits indicate the outer diameter of the battery (downwards-rounded millimeters), and the last two digits indicate the overall height (downwards-rounded 0.1 millimeters). Examples:
★ CR2032: 20.0 mm diameter, 3.2 mm height
★ SR516: 5.8 mm diameter, 1.6 mm height
ISO/IEC 83-3 lists the following diameter codes:
:4 = (4.8+0−0.15) mm
:5 = (5.8+0−0.15) mm
:6 = (6.8+0−0.15) mm
:7 = (7.9+0−0.15) mm
:9 = (9.5+0−0.15) mm
:10 = (10.0+0−0.20) mm
:11 = (11.6+0−0.20) mm
:12 = (12.5+0−0.25) mm
:16 = (16+0−0.25) mm
:20 = (20+0−0.25) mm
:23 = (23+0−0.50) mm
:24 = (24.5+0−0.50) mm
The following height codes are used with 16–24 mm diameter batteries:
:12 = (1.20+0−0.20) mm
:16 = (1.60+0−0.20) mm
:20 = (2.00+0−0.25) mm
:25 = (2.50+0−0.50) mm
:30 = (3.00+0−0.50) mm
:36 = (3.60+0−0.50) mm
:50 = (5.00+0−0.50) mm
Final letters
After the package code, the following additional letters may optionally appear in the type designation to
indicate the electrolyte used:
★ S: Sodium hydroxide electrolyte
★ P: Potassium hydroxide electrolyte
★ no letter: organic electrolyte
An appended letter "W" states that this battery complies with all the requirements of the IEC 86-3 standard.
Other package markings
Apart from the type code described in the preceding section, watch batteries should also be marked with
★ the name or trademark of the manufacturer or supplier;
★ the polarity (+);
★ the date of manufacturing.
The manufacturing date can be abbreviated to the last digit of the year, followed a digit or letter indicating the month, where O, Y, and Z are used for October, November and December, respectively (e.g., 01 = January 1990 or January 2000, 9Y = November 1999).
Common applications
★ Quartz wrist watches, both digital and analog.
★ Calculators
★ Hearing aids
★ Some remote controls, especially for keyless entry
★ Backup power for personal computer real time clocks and BIOS configuration data.
★ Small PDA devices
★ Various electronic toys (tamagotchi)
★ Laser pointers
★ Small LED flashlights are commonly powered by three button (silver-oxide) cells in series.
★ Battery-operated children's books
★ Explosives detonators
Rechargeable variants
Regular watch batteries are not rechargeable. Rechargeable button cells are commercially available, but are not commonly used due to their inferior capacity.
Other chemical compositions
★ Mercury cells are now banned from sale in many countries.
★ Alkali cells are sometimes found in low-end markets, but do only provide a fraction of the capacity of silver oxide or lithium based cells.
★ Zinc-air cells utilize air in the chemical reaction (it is required to remove a plastic foil layer before usage).
Links
★ List of battery sizes (includes list of button/coin/watch batteries)
★ LR44 battery (a common alkaline button cell)
References
★ IEC 60086-3: Primary batteries — Part 3: Watch batteries. International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, 1995. (also: BS EN 60086-3:1996)
★ http://www.sustainableproduction.org/downloads/MaineDEPButtonBatteryReportFinal12-17-04.pdf Mercury in miniature batteries
External links
★ Coin Cells including CR1025, CR1220, CR1616, CR1620, CR2016, CR2025, CR2032, CR2430 & CR2450
★ Wholesale Coin Cells, 1.55 volt and Lithium cells
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