WATER (DATA PAGE)

This page provides supplementary chemical data on water.

Contents

Structure and properties

Thermodynamic properties

Liquid Physical Properties

Water/steam equilibrium properties

Melting point of ice at various pressures

Spectral data

Additional data translated from German "Wasser (Stoffdaten)" page

Physical and thermodynamic tables

Standard conditions

Triple point

Saturated vapor pressure

Formulas

References

External Links

Disclaimer

Structure and properties

Structure and properties
Index of refraction, ''n''D	1.333 at 20 °C
Dielectric constant[1]	88.00 ε0 at 0 °C      86.04 ε0 at 5 °C 84.11 ε0 at 10 °C    82.22 ε0 at 15 °C 80.36 ε0 at 20 °C    78.54 ε0 at 25 °C 76.75 ε0 at 30 °C    75.00 ε0 at 35 °C 73.28 ε0 at 40 °C    71.59 ε0 at 45 °C 69.94 ε0 at 50 °C    66.74 ε0 at 60 °C 63.68 ε0 at 70 °C    60.76 ε0 at 80 °C 57.98 ε0 at 90 °C    55.33 ε0 at 100 °C
Bond strength	492.215 kJ/mol O–H bond dissociation energy [2]
Bond length	95.87 pm (equilibrium) (Cook 1974)
Bond angle	103.9° (equilibrium) (Cook 1974)
Magnetic susceptibility	–9.0 x 10–6 [3]

Thermodynamic properties

Phase behavior
Triple point	273.16 K (0.01 °C), 611.73 Pa
Critical point	647 K (374 °C), 22.1 MPa
Std enthalpy change of fusion, Δfus''H''o	6.01 kJ/mol
Std entropy change of fusion, Δfus''S''o	22.0 J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy change of vaporization, Δvap''H''o	40.68 kJ/mol
Std entropy change of vaporization, Δvap''S''o	108.9 J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy change of sublimation, Δsub''H''o	46.70 kJ/mol
Std entropy change of sublimation, Δsub''S''o	130.9 J/(mol·K)
Molal freezing point constant	–1.858 °C kg/mol
Molal boiling point constant	0.512 °C kg/mol
Solid properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, Δf''H''osolid	−291.83 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, ''S''osolid	41 J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, ''cp''	12.2 J/(mol K) at −200 °C 15.0 J/(mol K) at −180 °C 17.3 J/(mol K) at −160 °C 19.8 J/(mol K) at −140 °C 24.8 J/(mol K) at −100 °C 29.6 J/(mol K) at −60 °C 32.77 J/(mol K) at −38.3 °C 33.84 J/(mol K) at −30.6 °C 35.20 J/(mol K) at −20.8 °C 36.66 J/(mol K) at −11.0 °C 37.19 J/(mol K) at −4.9 °C 37.84 J/(mol K) at −2.2 °C
Liquid properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, Δf''H''oliquid	−285.83 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, ''S''oliquid	69.95 J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, ''cp''	75.97 J/(mol K) at 0 °C 75.42 J/(mol K) at 10 °C 75.33 J/(mol K) at 20 °C 75.28 J/(mol K) at 25 °C 75.26 J/(mol K) at 30 °C 75.26 J/(mol K) at 40 °C 75.30 J/(mol K) at 50 °C 75.37 J/(mol K) at 60 °C 75.46 J/(mol K) at 70 °C 75.58 J/(mol K) at 80 °C 75.74 J/(mol K) at 90 °C 75.94 J/(mol K) at 100 °C
Gas properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, Δf''H''ogas	−241.83 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, ''S''ogas	188.84 J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, ''cp''	36.5 J/(mol K) at 100 °C 36.1 J/(mol K) at 200 °C 36.2 J/(mol K) at 400 °C 37.9 J/(mol K) at 700 °C 41.4 J/(mol K) at 1000 °C
Heat capacity, ''cv''	27.5 J/(mol K) at 100 °C 27.6 J/(mol K) at 200 °C 27.8 J/(mol K) at 400 °C 29.5 J/(mol K) at 700 °C 33.1 J/(mol K) at 1000 °C
Heat capacity ratio, ''γ'' = ''cp''/''cv''	1.324 at 100 °C 1.310 at 200 °C 1.301 at 400 °C 1.282 at 700 °C 1.252 at 1000 °C
van der Waals' constants	a = 553.6 L2 kPa/mol2 b = 0.03049 liter per mole

Liquid Physical Properties

Velocity of sound in water
''c'' in distilled water at 25 °C	1498 m/s
Density[4]
0.99987 g/cm3 at 0 °C	0.98807 g/cm3 at 50 °C
1.00000 g/cm3 at 4 °C	0.98573 g/cm3 at 55 °C
0.99999 g/cm3 at 5 °C	0.98324 g/cm3 at 60 °C
0.99973 g/cm3 at 10 °C	0.98059 g/cm3 at 65 °C
0.99913 g/cm3 at 15 °C	0.97781 g/cm3 at 70 °C
0.99823 g/cm3 at 20 °C	0.97489 g/cm3 at 75 °C
0.99707 g/cm3 at 25 °C	0.97183 g/cm3 at 80 °C
0.99567 g/cm3 at 30 °C	0.96865 g/cm3 at 85 °C
0.99406 g/cm3 at 35 °C	0.96534 g/cm3 at 90 °C
0.99224 g/cm3 at 40 °C	0.96192 g/cm3 at 95 °C
0.99025 g/cm3 at 45 °C	0.95838 g/cm3 at 100 °C
Viscosity[5]
''η'' = 1.7921 mPa·s (cP) at 0 °C	''η'' = 0.5494 mPa·s at 50 °C
''η'' = 1.5188 mPa·s at 5 °C	''η'' = 0.5064 mPa·s at 55 °C
''η'' = 1.3077 mPa·s at 10 °C	''η'' = 0.4688 mPa·s at 60 °C
''η'' = 1.1404 mPa·s at 15 °C	''η'' = 0.4355 mPa·s at 65 °C
''η'' = 1.0050 mPa·s at 20 °C	''η'' = 0.4061 mPa·s at 70 °C
''η'' = 0.8937 mPa·s at 25 °C	''η'' = 0.3799 mPa·s at 75 °C
''η'' = 0.8007 mPa·s at 30 °C	''η'' = 0.3635 mPa·s at 80 °C
''η'' = 0.7225 mPa·s at 35 °C	''η'' = 0.3355 mPa·s at 85 °C
''η'' = 0.6560 mPa·s at 40 °C	''η'' = 0.3165 mPa·s at 90 °C
''η'' = 0.5988 mPa·s at 45 °C	''η'' = 0.2994 mPa·s at 95 °C
	''η'' = 0.2838 mPa·s at 100 °C
Surface tension[6]
75.64 dyn/cm at 0 °C	69.56 dyn/cm at 40 °C
74.92 dyn/cm at 5 °C	68.74 dyn/cm at 45 °C
74.22 dyn/cm at 10 °C	67.91 dyn/cm at 50 °C
73.49 dyn/cm at 15 °C	66.18 dyn/cm at 60 °C
72.75 dyn/cm at 20 °C	64.42 dyn/cm at 70 °C
71.97 dyn/cm at 25 °C	62.61 dyn/cm at 80 °C
71.18 dyn/cm at 30 °C	60.75 dyn/cm at 90 °C
70.38 dyn/cm at 35 °C	58.85 dyn/cm at 100 °C

Water/steam equilibrium properties

Vapor pressure formula for steam in equilibrium with liquid water:^[7]
::log₁₀(''P'') = ''A'' − ''B''/(''T'' – ''C'')
where ''P'' is equilibrium vapor pressure in kPa, and ''T'' is temperature in kelvins.
for ''T'' = 273 K to 333 K: ''A'' = 7.2326; ''B'' = 1750.286; ''C'' = 38.1
for ''T'' = 333 K to 423 K: ''A'' = 7.0917; ''B'' = 1668.21; ''C'' = 45.1
::  

Steam Table[8]
Temp.	Pressure	''H'' of liquid	Δvap''H''	Δvap''W''	''ρ'' of vapor
0 °C	0.612 kPa	0.00 J/g	2496.5 J/g	126.0 J/g	0.004845 kg/m3
10 °C	1.227 kPa	42.0 J/g	2473.5 J/g	130.5 J/g	0.009398 kg/m3
20 °C	2.536 kPa	83.8 J/g	2450.9 J/g	135.1 J/g	0.01728 kg/m3
30 °C	4.242 kPa	125.6 J/g	2427.9 J/g	139.7 J/g	0.03036 kg/m3
40 °C	7.370 kPa	167.2 J/g	2404.9 J/g	144.2 J/g	0.05107 kg/m3
50 °C	12.33 kPa	209.0 J/g	2381.4 J/g	148.7 J/g	0.08285 kg/m3
60 °C	19.90 kPa	250.8 J/g	2357.6 J/g	153.0 J/g	0.1300 kg/m3
70 °C	31.15 kPa	292.7 J/g	2332.9 J/g	157.3 J/g	0.1979 kg/m3
80 °C	46.12 kPa	334.6 J/g	2307.7 J/g	161.5 J/g	0.2931 kg/m3
90 °C	70.10 kPa	376.6 J/g	2282.6 J/g	165.5 J/g	0.4232 kg/m3
100 °C	101.32 kPa	419.0 J/g	2256.3 J/g	169.4 J/g	0.5974 kg/m3
110 °C	143.27 kPa	460.8 J/g	2229.5 J/g	173.1 J/g	0.8264 kg/m3
120 °C	198.50 kPa	503.2 J/g	2201.4 J/g	176.7 J/g	1.121 kg/m3
130 °C	270.13 kPa	545.8 J/g	2172.5 J/g	180.2 J/g	1.497 kg/m3
140 °C	361.4 kPa	588.5 J/g	2142.8 J/g	183.2 J/g	1.967 kg/m3
150 °C	476.0 kPa	631.5 J/g	2111.8 J/g	186.1 J/g	2.548 kg/m3
160 °C	618.1 kPa	674.7 J/g	2080.0 J/g	188.7 J/g	3.263 kg/m3
170 °C	792.0 kPa	718.5 J/g	2047.0 J/g	190.6 J/g	4.023 kg/m3
180 °C	1002.7 kPa	762.5 J/g	2012.2 J/g	192.8 J/g	5.165 kg/m3
190 °C	1254.9 kPa	807.0 J/g	1975.8 J/g	194.5 J/g	6.402 kg/m3
200 °C	1554.3 kPa	851.9 J/g	1937.3 J/g	195.6 J/g	7.868 kg/m3
210 °C	1907.9 kPa	897.5 J/g	1897.5 J/g	196.3 J/g	9.606 kg/m3
221.1 °C	2369.8 kPa	948.5 J/g	1850.2 J/g	196.6 J/g	11.88 kg/m3
229.4 °C	2769.6 kPa	987.9 J/g	1812.5 J/g	196.2 J/g	13.87 kg/m3
240.6 °C	3381.1 kPa	1040.6 J/g	1759.4 J/g	195.1 J/g	16.96 kg/m3
248.9 °C	3904.1 kPa	1040.6 J/g	1715.8 J/g	193.7 J/g	19.66 kg/m3
260.0 °C	4695.9 kPa	1134.8 J/g	1653.9 J/g	190.8 J/g	23.84 kg/m3
271.1 °C	5603.4 kPa	1195.9 J/g	1586.5 J/g	186.9 J/g	28.83 kg/m3
279.4 °C	6366.5 kPa	1240.7 J/g	1532.5 J/g	183.3 J/g	33.18 kg/m3
290.6 °C	7506.2 kPa	1302.3 J/g	1456.3 J/g	177.4 J/g	39.95 kg/m3
298.9 °C	8463.9 kPa	1350.0 J/g	1394.8 J/g	172.2 J/g	45.93 kg/m3
310.0 °C	9878.0 kPa	1415.7 J/g	1307.7 J/g	164.2 J/g	55.25 kg/m3
321.1 °C	11461 kPa	1483.9 J/g	1212.7 J/g	154.5 J/g	66.58 kg/m3
329.4 °C	12785 kPa	1537.9 J/g	1133.2 J/g	145.6 J/g	76.92 kg/m3
340.6 °C	14727 kPa	1617.9 J/g	1007.6 J/g	130.9 J/g	94.25 kg/m3
348.9 °C	16331 kPa	1687.0 J/g	892.0 J/g	117.0 J/g	111.5 kg/m3
360.0 °C	18682 kPa	1797.0 J/g	694.0 J/g	91.0 J/g	145.3 kg/m3
371.1 °C	21349 kPa	1968.3 J/g	365.0 J/g	47.0 J/g	214.5 kg/m3
374.4 °C	22242 kPa	2151.2 J/g	0 J/g	0 J/g	306.8 kg/m3
Temp.	Pressure	''H'' of liquid	Δvap''H''	Δvap''W''	''ρ'' of vapor

Data in the table above is given for water-steam equilibria at various temperatures over the entire temperature range at which liquid water can exist. Pressure of the equilibrium is given in the second column in kPa. The third column is the heat content of each gram of the liquid phase relative to water at 0 °C. The fourth column is the heat of vaporization of each gram of liquid that changes to vapor. The fifth column is the PV work done by each gram of liquid that changes to vapor. The sixth column is the density of the vapor.

Melting point of ice at various pressures

Data obtained from ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'' 44th ed., p2390

'Pressure kPa'	'Temp. °C'
101.325	0.0
32950	–2.5
60311	–5.0
87279	–7.5
113267	–10.0
138274	–12.5
159358	–15.0
179952	–17.5
200251	–20.0
215746	–22.1

Spectral data

UV-Vis
λmax	? nm
Extinction coefficient, ε	?
IR
Major absorption bands	? cm−1
NMR
Proton NMR
Carbon-13 NMR
Other NMR data
MS
Masses of main fragments

----

Additional data translated from German "Wasser (Stoffdaten)" page

The data that follows was copied and translated from the German language Wikipedia version of this page. It provides supplementary physical, thermodynamic, and vapor pressure data, some of which is redundant with data in the tables above, and some of which is additional.

Physical and thermodynamic tables

In the following tables, values are temperature dependent and to a lesser degree pressure dependent, and are arranged by state of aggregation (s=solid, lq=liquid, g=gas), which are clearly a function of temperature and pressure. All of the data were computed from data given in "Formulation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for Scientific and General Use" (1984). This applies to:

★ ''T'' - temperature in degrees Celsius

★ ''V'' - specific volume in decimeter³ per kilogram (1 dm³ is equivalent to 1 liter)

★ ''H'' - specific enthalpy in kJ per kilogram

★ ''U'' - internal energy in kJ per kilogram

★ ''S'' - specific entropy in kJ per kilogram-kelvin

★ ''c_p'' - specific (constant pressure) heat capacity in kJ per kilogram-kelvin

★ ''γ'' - Thermal expansion coefficient as 10^–3 per kelvin

★ ''λ'' - Heat conductivity in milliwatt per meter-kelvin

★ ''η'' - Viscosity in micropascal-seconds (1 cP = 1000 µPa·s)

★ ''σ'' - surface tension in millinewtons per meter (equivalent to dyn/cm)

Standard conditions

In the following table, material data is given for standard pressure of 0.1 MPa (equivalent to 1 bar). Up to 99.63 °C (the boiling point of water at 0.1 MPa), at this pressure water exists as a liquid. Above that, it exists as water vapor. 'Note' that the boiling point of 100.0 °C is at a pressure of 0.101325 MPa (1 atm), which is the average atmospheric pressure.
:: 

'Water/Steam Data Table at Standard Pressure (0.1 MPa)'
''T'' °C		''V'' dm³/kg	''H'' kJ/kg	''U'' kJ/kg	''S'' kJ/(kg·K)	''c''p kJ/(kg·K)	''γ'' 10–3/K	''λ'' mW / (m·K)	''η'' µPa·s	''σ''   ‡ mN/m
0	lq	1.0002	0.06	–0.04	–0.0001	4.228	–0.080	561.0	1792	75.65
5		1.0000	21.1	21.0	0.076	4.200	0.011	570.6	1518	74.95
10		1.0003	42.1	42.0	0.151	4.188	0.087	580.0	1306	74.22
15		1.0009	63.0	62.9	0.224	4.184	0.152	589.4	1137	73.49
20		1.0018	83.9	83.8	0.296	4.183	0.209	598.4	1001	72.74
25		1.0029	104.8	104.7	0.367	4.183	0.259	607.2	890.4	71.98
30		1.0044	125.8	125.7	0.437	4.183	0.305	615.5	797.7	71.20
35		1.0060	146.7	146.6	0.505	4.183	0.347	623.3	719.6	70.41
40		1.0079	167.6	167.5	0.572	4.182	0.386	630.6	653.3	69.60
45		1.0099	188.5	188.4	0.638	4.182	0.423	637.3	596.3	68.78
50		1.0121	209.4	209.3	0.704	4.181	0.457	643.6	547.1	67.95
60		1.0171	251.2	251.1	0.831	4.183	0.522	654.4	466.6	66.24
70		1.0227	293.1	293.0	0.955	4.187	0.583	663.1	404.1	64.49
80		1.0290	335.0	334.9	1.075	4.194	0.640	670.0	354.5	62.68
90		1.0359	377.0	376.9	1.193	4.204	0.696	675.3	314.6	60.82
99.63	lq	1.0431	417.5	417.4	1.303	4.217	0.748	679.0	283.0	58.99
	g	1694.3	2675	2505	7.359	2.043	2.885	25.05	12.26	–
100	g	1696.1	2675	2506	7.361	2.042	2.881	25.08	12.27	58.92
200		2172.3	2874	2657	7.833	1.975	2.100	33.28	16.18	37.68
300		2638.8	3073	2810	8.215	2.013	1.761	43.42	20.29	14.37
500		3565.5	3488	3131	8.834	2.135	1.297	66.970	28.57	–
750		4721.0	4043	3571	9.455	2.308	0.978	100.30	38.48	–
1000		5875.5	4642	4054	9.978	2.478	0.786	136.3	47.66	–
‡ The values for surface tension for the liquid section of the table are for a liquid/air interface. Values for the gas section of the table are for a liquid/saturated steam interface.

Triple point

In the following table, material data is given with a pressure of 611.7 Pa (equivalent to 0.006117 bar). Up to a temperature of 0.01 °C, the triple point of water, water normally exists as ice, except for supercooled water, for which one data point is tabulated here. At the triple point, ice can exist together with both liquid water and vapor. At higher temperatures, the data is for water vapor only.
:: 

'Water/Steam Data Table at Triple Point Pressure (0.0006117 MPa)'
''T'' °C		''V'' dm³/kg	''H'' kJ/kg	''U'' kJ/kg	''S'' kJ/(kg·K)	''c''p kJ/(kg·K)	''γ'' 10–3/K	''λ'' mW / (m·K)	''η'' µPa·s
0	lq	1.0002	–0.04	–0.04	–0.0002	4.339	–0.081	561.0	1792
0.01	s	1.0908	–333.4	–333.4	–1.221	1.93	0.1	2.2	–
	lq	1.0002	0.0	0	0	4.229	–0.080	561.0	1791
	g	205986	2500	2374	9.154	1.868	3.672	17.07	9.22
5	g	209913	2509	2381	9.188	1.867	3.605	17.33	9.34
10		213695	2519	2388	9.222	1.867	3.540	17.60	9.46
15		217477	2528	2395	9.254	1.868	3.478	17.88	9.59
20		221258	2537	2402	9.286	1.868	3.417	18.17	9.73
25		225039	2547	2409	9.318	1.869	3.359	18.47	9.87
30		228819	2556	2416	9.349	1.869	3.304	18.78	10.02
35		232598	2565	2423	9.380	1.870	3.249	19.10	10.17
40		236377	2575	2430	9.410	1.871	3.197	19.43	10.32
45		240155	2584	2437	9.439	1.872	3.147	19.77	10.47
50		243933	2593	2444	9.469	1.874	3.098	20.11	10.63
60		251489	2612	2459	9.526	1.876	3.004	20.82	10.96
70		259043	2631	2473	9.581	1.880	2.916	21.56	11.29
80		266597	2650	2487	9.635	1.883	2.833	22.31	11.64
90		274150	2669	2501	9.688	1.887	2.755	23.10	11.99
100		281703	2688	2515	9.739	1.891	2.681	23.90	12.53
200		357216	2879	2661	10.194	1.940	2.114	32.89	16.21
300		432721	3076	2811	10.571	2.000	1.745	43.26	20.30
500		583725	3489	3132	11.188	2.131	1.293	66.90	28.57
750		772477	4043	3571	11.808	2.307	0.977	100.20	38.47
1000		961227	4642	4054	12.331	2.478	0.785	136.30	47.66

Saturated vapor pressure

The following table is based on different, complementary sources and approximation formulas, whose values are of various quality and accuracy. The values in the temperature range of –100 °C to 100 °C were inferred from D. Sunday (1982) and are quite uniform and exact. The values in the temperature range of the boiling point of the water up to the critical point (100 °C to 374 °C), are drawn from different sources and are substantially less accurate, hence they should be understood and used also only as approximate values.^{[9][10][11][12]}
To use the values correctly, consider the following points:

★ The values apply only to smooth interfaces and in the absence other gases or gas mixtures such as air. Hence they apply only to pure phases and need a correction factor for systems in which air is present.

★ The values were not computed according formulas widely used in the US, but using somewhat more exact formulas (see below), which can also also be used to compute further values in the appropriate temperature ranges.

★ The saturated vapor pressure over water in the temperature range of –100 °C to –50 °C is only extrapolated [Translator's note: Supercooled liquid water is not known to exist below –42 °C].

★ The values have various units (Pa, hPa or bar), which must be considered when reading them.

Formulas

The table values for –100 °C to 100 °C were computed by the following formulas, where ''T'' is in kelvins and vapor pressures, ''P_w'' and ''P_i'', are in pascals.
'Over liquid water'
:log_e(''P_w'')  =  –6094.4642 ''T''^–1 + 21.1249952 – 2.724552×10^–2 ''T'' + 1.6853396×10^–5 ''T''² + 2.4575506 log_e(''T'')
For temperature range: 173.15 K to 373.15 K or equivalently –100 °C to 100 °C
'Over ice'
:log_e(''P_i'')  =  –5504.4088 ''T''^–1 – 3.5704628 – 1.7337458×10^–2 ''T'' + 6.5204209×10^–6 ''T''² + 6.1295027 log_e(''T'')
For temperature range: 173.15 K to 273.15 K or equivalently –100 °C to 0 °C
'At triple point'
An important basic value, which is not registered in the table, is the saturated vapor pressure at the triple point of water. The internationally accepted value according to measurements of Guildner, Johnson and Jones (1976) amounts to:
:''P_w''(''t_tp''  =  0.01 °C)  =  611.657 Pa ± 0.010 Pa at (1-''α'')  =  99%
: 

Values of Saturated Vapor Pressure of Water
Temp. ''t'' in °C	''Pi''(''t'') over ice in Pa	''Pw''(''t'') over water in Pa		Temp. ''t'' in °C	''Pw''(''t'') over water in hPa		Temp. ''t'' in °C	''P''(''t'') in bar		Temp. ''t'' in °C	''P''(''t'') in bar		Temp. ''t'' in °C	''P''(''t'') in bar
-100	0.0013957	0.0036309		0	6.11213		100	1.01		200	15.55		300	85.88
-99	0.0017094	0.0044121		1	6.57069		101	1.05		201	15.88		301	87.09
-98	0.0020889	0.0053487		2	7.05949		102	1.09		202	16.21		302	88.32
-97	0.0025470	0.0064692		3	7.58023		103	1.13		203	16.55		303	89.57
-96	0.0030987	0.0078067		4	8.13467		104	1.17		204	16.89		304	90.82
-95	0.0037617	0.0093996		5	8.72469		105	1.21		205	17.24		305	92.09
-94	0.0045569	0.011293		6	9.35222		106	1.25		206	17.60		306	93.38
-93	0.0055087	0.013538		7	10.0193		107	1.30		207	17.96		307	94.67
-92	0.0066455	0.016195		8	10.7280		108	1.34		208	18.32		308	95.98
-91	0.0080008	0.019333		9	11.4806		109	1.39		209	18.70		309	97.31
-90	0.0096132	0.023031		10	12.2794		110	1.43		210	19.07		310	98.65
-89	0.011528	0.027381		11	13.1267		111	1.48		211	19.46		311	100.00
-88	0.013797	0.032489		12	14.0251		112	1.53		212	19.85		312	101.37
-87	0.016482	0.038474		13	14.9772		113	1.58		213	20.25		313	102.75
-86	0.019653	0.045473		14	15.9856		114	1.64		214	20.65		314	104.15
-85	0.02339	0.053645		15	17.0532		115	1.69		215	21.06		315	105.56
-84	0.027788	0.063166		16	18.1829		116	1.75		216	21.47		316	106.98
-83	0.032954	0.074241		17	19.3778		117	1.81		217	21.89		317	108.43
-82	0.039011	0.087101		18	20.6409		118	1.86		218	22.32		318	109.88
-81	0.046102	0.10201		19	21.9757		119	1.93		219	22.75		319	111.35
-80	0.054388	0.11925		20	23.3854		120	1.99		220	23.19		320	112.84
-79	0.064057	0.13918		21	24.8737		121	2.05		221	23.64		321	114.34
-78	0.075320	0.16215		22	26.4442		122	2.12		222	24.09		322	115.86
-77	0.088419	0.18860		23	28.1006		123	2.18		223	24.55		323	117.39
-76	0.10363	0.21901		24	29.8470		124	2.25		224	25.02		324	118.94
-75	0.12127	0.25391		25	31.6874		125	2.32		225	25.49		325	120.51
-74	0.14168	0.29390		26	33.6260		126	2.40		226	25.98		326	122.09
-73	0.16528	0.33966		27	35.6671		127	2.47		227	26.46		327	123.68
-72	0.19252	0.39193		28	37.8154		128	2.55		228	26.96		328	125.30
-71	0.22391	0.45156		29	40.0754		129	2.62		229	27.46		329	126.93
-70	0.26004	0.51948		30	42.4520		130	2.70		230	27.97		330	128.58
-69	0.30156	0.59672		31	44.9502		131	2.78		231	28.48		331	130.24
-68	0.34921	0.68446		32	47.5752		132	2.87		232	29.01		332	131.92
-67	0.40383	0.78397		33	50.3322		133	2.95		233	29.54		333	133.62
-66	0.46633	0.89668		34	53.2267		134	3.04		234	30.08		334	135.33
-65	0.53778	1.0242		35	56.2645		135	3.13		235	30.62		335	137.07
-64	0.61933	1.1682		36	59.4513		136	3.22		236	31.18		336	138.82
-63	0.71231	1.3306		37	62.7933		137	3.32		237	31.74		337	140.59
-62	0.81817	1.5136		38	66.2956		138	3.42		238	32.31		338	142.37
-61	0.93854	1.7195		39	69.9675		139	3.51		239	32.88		339	144.18
-60	1.0753	1.9509		40	73.8127		140	3.62		240	33.47		340	146.00
-59	1.2303	2.2106		41	77.8319		141	3.72		241	34.06		341	147.84
-58	1.4060	2.5018		42	82.0536		142	3.82		242	34.66		342	149.71
-57	1.6049	2.8277		43	86.4633		143	3.93		243	35.27		343	151.58
-56	1.8296	3.1922		44	91.0757		144	4.04		244	35.88		344	153.48
-55	2.0833	3.5993		45	95.8984		145	4.16		245	36.51		345	155.40
-54	2.3694	4.0535		46	100.939		146	4.27		246	37.14		346	157.34
-53	2.6917	4.5597		47	106.206		147	4.39		247	37.78		347	159.30
-52	3.0542	5.1231		48	111.708		148	4.51		248	38.43		348	161.28
-51	3.4618	5.7496		49	117.452		149	4.64		249	39.09		349	163.27
-50	3.9193	6.4454		50	123.4478		150	4.76		250	39.76		350	165.29
-49	4.4324	7.2174		51	129.7042		151	4.89		251	40.44		351	167.33
-48	5.0073	8.0729		52	136.2304		152	5.02		252	41.12		352	169.39
-47	5.6506	9.0201		53	143.0357		153	5.16		253	41.81		353	171.47
-46	6.3699	10.068		54	150.1298		154	5.29		254	42.52		354	173.58
-45	7.1732	11.225		55	157.5226		155	5.43		255	43.23		355	175.70
-44	8.0695	12.503		56	165.2243		156	5.58		256	43.95		356	177.85
-43	9.0685	13.911		57	173.2451		157	5.72		257	44.68		357	180.02
-42	10.181	15.463		58	181.5959		158	5.87		258	45.42		358	182.21
-41	11.419	17.170		59	190.2874		159	6.03		259	46.16		359	184.43
-40	12.794	19.048		60	199.3309		160	6.18		260	46.92		360	186.66
-39	14.321	21.110		61	208.7378		161	6.34		261	47.69		361	188.93
-38	16.016	23.372		62	218.5198		162	6.50		262	48.46		362	191.21
-37	17.893	25.853	63	228.6888	163	6.67	263	49.25	363	193.52
-36	19.973	28.570	64	239.2572	164	6.84	264	50.05	364	195.86
-35	22.273	31.544	65	250.2373	165	7.01	265	50.85	365	198.22
-34	24.816	34.795	66	261.6421	166	7.18	266	51.67	366	200.61
-33	27.624	38.347	67	273.4845	167	7.36	267	52.49	367	203.02
-32	30.723	42.225	68	285.7781	168	7.55	268	53.33	368	205.47
-31	34.140	46.453	69	298.5363	169	7.73	269	54.17	369	207.93
-30	37.903	51.060	70	311.7731	170	7.92	270	55.03	370	210.43
-29	42.046	56.077	71	325.5029	171	8.11	271	55.89	371	212.96
-28	46.601	61.534	72	339.7401	172	8.31	272	56.77	372	215.53
-27	51.607	67.466	73	354.4995	173	8.51	273	57.66	373	218.13
-26	57.104	73.909	74	369.7963	174	8.72	274	58.56	374	220.64
-25	63.134	80.902	75	385.6459	175	8.92	275	59.46	374.15	221.20
-24	69.745	88.485	76	402.0641	176	9.14	276	60.38
-23	76.987	96.701	77	419.0669	177	9.35	277	61.31
-22	84.914	105.60	78	436.6708	178	9.57	278	62.25
-21	93.584	115.22	79	454.8923	179	9.80	279	63.20
-20	103.06	125.63	80	473.7485	180	10.03	280	64.17
-19	113.41	136.88	81	493.2567	181	10.26	281	65.14
-18	124.70	149.01	82	513.4345	182	10.50	282	66.12
-17	137.02	162.11	83	534.3000	183	10.74	283	67.12
-16	150.44	176.23	84	555.8714	184	10.98	284	68.13
-15	165.06	191.44	85	578.1673	185	11.23	285	69.15
-14	180.97	207.81	86	601.2068	186	11.49	286	70.18
-13	198.27	225.43	87	625.0090	187	11.75	287	71.22
-12	217.07	244.37	88	649.5936	188	12.01	288	72.27
-11	237.49	264.72	89	674.9806	189	12.28	289	73.34
-10	259.66	286.57	90	701.1904	190	12.55	290	74.42
-9	283.69	310.02	91	728.2434	191	12.83	291	75.51
-8	309.75	335.16	92	756.1608	192	13.11	292	76.61
-7	337.97	362.10	93	784.9639	193	13.40	293	77.72
-6	368.52	390.95	94	814.6743	194	13.69	294	78.85
-5	401.58	421.84	95	845.3141	195	13.99	295	79.99
-4	437.31	454.88	96	876.9057	196	14.29	296	81.14
-3	475.92	490.19	97	909.4718	197	14.60	297	82.31
-2	517.62	527.93	98	943.0355	198	14.91	298	83.48
-1	562.62	568.22	99	977.6203	199	15.22	299	84.67
0	611.153	611.213	100	1013.25	200	15.55	300	85.88
Temp. ''t'' in °C	''Pi''(''t'') over ice in Pa	''Pw''(''t'') over water in Pa	Temp. ''t'' in °C	''Pw''(''t'') over water in hPa	Temp. ''t'' in °C	''P''(''t'') in bar	Temp. ''t'' in °C	''P''(''t'') in bar	Temp. ''t'' in °C	''P''(''t'') in bar

References

★

★ Cook, R.L, Lucia, F.C.D, & Helminger, P. 1974, J. Mol. Spectrosc., '53', 62.
1. ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'', 44th ed. p 2623
2. P. Maksyutenko, T. R. Rizzo, and O. V. Boyarkin, Journal of Chemical Physics '125', 181101 (2006)
3. Griffiths, D. J. "Introduction to Electrodynamics," 3rd Ed. page 275. Prentice Hall, 1999
4. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. page 1199
5. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed. page 2257
6. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. page 1663
7. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. page 1436
8. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. page 1476
9. L.A. Guildner, D.P. Johnson und F.E. Jones (1976): ''Vapor pressure of Water at Its Triple Point.'' J. Res. NBS - A, Vol. 80A, No. 3, p. 505 - 521
10. Klaus Scheffler (1981): ''Wasserdampftafeln: thermodynam. Eigenschaften von Wasser u. Wasserdampf bis 800°C u. 800 bar'' (''Water Vapor Tables: Thermodynamic Characteristics of Water and Water Vapor to 800°C and 800 bar''), Berlin [u.a.] ISBN 3-540-10930-7
11. D. Sonntag und D. Heinze (1982): ''Sättigungsdampfdruck- und Sättigungsdampfdichtetafeln für Wasser und Eis.'' (''Saturated Vapor Pressure and Saturated Vapor Density Tables for Water and Ice'')(1. Aufl.), VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie
12. Ulrich Grigull, Johannes Staub, Peter Schiebener (1990): ''Steam Tables in SI-Units - Wasserdampftafeln.'' Springer-Verlagdima gmbh

External Links

★ Microwave Spectrum (by NIST)

Disclaimer

Except where noted otherwise, data relate to standard ambient temperature and pressure.
applies.