LIST OF WEATHER RECORDS
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(Redirected from Weather records)
This is a 'list of weather records', a list of the most extreme occurrences of weather phenomena for various categories. Each of these is understood to be the record for recent history, as these records may have been exceeded before modern weather instrumentation was invented.
★ '''On earth†: 57.8 °C (136 °F); El Azizia, Libya, 1922-09-13.'''[1]
★ 'In North America:' 56.7 °C (134 °F); Death Valley, California, 1913-07-10.
★
★ 'In Canada:' 45 °C (113 °F); Midale, Saskatchewan, 1937-07-05.
★ 'In Asia:' 54 °C (129 °F); Tirat Tsvi, Israel, 1942-06-21.
★ 'In Australia‡:' 50.7 °C (123 °F); Oodnadatta, South Australia, 1960-01-02.[2]
★ 'In Europe:' 50 °C (122 °F); Seville, Spain, 1881-08-04.
★
★ 'In Croatia:' 42.8 °C (109.0 °F); PloÄe, 1998-08-05.[3]
★
★ 'In Great Britain:' 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) Faversham, Kent, 2003-08-10.[4]
★
★ 'In Ireland:' 33.3 °C (91.9 °F); Kilkenny Castle, County Kilkenny, 1887-06-26.[5]
★
★ 'In Norway:' 35.6 °C (96.1 °F); Nesbyen, Buskerud, 1970-06-20.[6]
★ 'In South America:' 49 °C (120 °F); Villa de MarÃa del RÃo Seco, Argentina, 1920-01-02.[7]
★ 'In Antarctica:' 15 °C (59 °F); Vanda Station, Scott Coast, 1974-01-05.
★
★ 'At the South Pole:' −14.0 °C (7.5 °F); 1978-12-27.[8]
:†''There are a few reports of temperatures higher than this during phenomena known as heat bursts, including a report of an incredible 87 °C (188 °F) in Abadan, Iran in June of 1967. These temperatures have never been confirmed, and are not recognized as world records.[9]
:‡''On 1889-01-16, a temperature of 53 °C (128 °F) was recorded at Cloncurry, Queensland. It was measured with a non-standard thermometer, so it is unknown if this reading was valid or not.''
★ 'Fastest temperature rise:' 27 C° (49 F°) in just 2 minutes; Spearfish, South Dakota, 1943-01-22.
★ 'Warmest temperature ever recorded during a snowfall:' 8.3 °C (47 °F); LaGuardia Airport, New York.
★ '''On earth: −89.6 °C (−128.6 °F); Vostok Station, Antarctica, 1983-07-31.'''[10]
★ 'In Asia:' −68 °C (−90 °F); Verkhoyansk, Russia, 1892-02-07 and Oimekon, Russia, 1933-02-06.
★ 'In North America:' −66 °C (−87 °F); Northice, Greenland 1954-01-09.
★
★ 'In North America (excluding Greenland):' −63 °C (−81 °F); Snag, Yukon Territory, Canada, 1947-02-03.
★
★ 'In the United States:' −62 °C (−80 °F); Prospect Creek, Alaska, 1971-01-23.
★
★
★ 'In the Continental United States:' −56.5 °C (−70 °F); Rogers Pass, Montana, 1954-01-20.[11]
★ 'In Europe:' −55 °C (−67 °F); Ust 'Shchugor, Russia, date unknown.
★
★ 'In Croatia:' −35.5 °C (−31.5 °F); ÄŒakovec, 1929-02-03.[3]
★
★ 'In Great Britain:' −27.2 °C (−17.0 °F); Braemar, Grampian 1895-02-11 and 1982-01-10.[4]
★
★ 'In Ireland:' −19.1 °C (−2.4 °F); Markree Castle, County Sligo; 1881-01-16. [5]
★
★ 'In Norway:' −51.4 °C (−60.5 °F); Karasjok, Finnmark, 1886-01-01.[6]
★ 'In South America:' −39 °C (−38.2 °F); Valle de los Patos Superior, Argentina, 1972-07-17.
★ 'In Africa:' −24 °C (−11 °F); Ifrane, Morocco, 1935-02-11.
★ 'In Australia:' −22 °C (−9 °F); Charlotte Pass, New South Wales, 1994-06-29.
★ 'In Oceania (excluding Australia):' −11 °C (12 °F); Mauna Kea, Hawaii, 1979-05-17.
★ 'Fastest temperature drop:' 26 C° (47 F°) in just 15 minutes; Rapid City, South Dakota, 1911-01-10.
★ '''Least per year (locale): 0.00 mm (0.00 in/year), none in recorded history; Antofagasta Region, Atacama Desert, Chile.'''[16]
★ '''Most in one minute: 3.8 cm (1.5 in); Barst, Guadeloupe, 1970-11-26.'''
★ '''Highest average annual total: 13.3 meters (523.6 in); Lloro, Colombia.'''
★ '''Most in one-year period: 31.1 meters (1224 in); Mount Rainier, United States, 1971-02-19 to 1972-02-18.'''
★ 'Most in one season (July 1 through June 30):' 29.0 meters, (1140 in); Mount Baker, United States, 1998 through 1999. [17]
★ 'Largest snowflake ever observed:' 38 centimeters (15 in) in diameter; Fort Keough, Montana, 1887-01-28.
★ '''On Earth: Approximately 1300 deaths; Manikganj District, Bangladesh on 1989-04-26.'''[18]
★ 'In North America:' 695 deaths (Tri-State Tornado); Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, 1925-03-18.
★ 'In Europe:' 600 or more (Grand Harbour Tornado); Valetta, Malta, 23 September 1551 or 1556 (sources conflict)[19]
★ 'On earth:' 1054-04-30; Rosdalla (near Kilbeggan), Ireland.[19]
===Outbreaks===
★ 'Deadliest:' 747 were killed by the Tri-State Tornado and associated outbreak on 1925-03-18.
★ 'Largest and most severe:' 148 tornadoes occurred in 16 hours on 03 April to 04 April 1974. They affected 13 US states and Ontario, Canada, and included 24 F4's and 6 F5's, more F5's than have been reported in any other ''year''. There were also more significant tornadoes during that 24 hours than any other entire week on record.
★ '''Most intense ever recorded: 870 mb (25.63 inHg); eye of Typhoon Tip over the Pacific Ocean, 1979-10-12.'''
★ 'Most intense in the Western Hemisphere:' 882 mb (26.05 inHg); eye of Hurricane Wilma, 2005-10-19.[21]
★ 'Most intense ever recorded on land:' 892 mb (26.35 inHg); Craig Key, Florida, eye of the Labor Day Hurricane, 1935-09-02. While other landfalling tropical cyclones have almost certainly had lower pressures, data is spotty from areas other than the Atlantic Basin, especially before the invention of weather satellites.[22]
★ 'Largest ever measured in the United States:' 17.8 cm (7.0 in) diameter, 47.6 cm (18.75 in) circumference; Aurora, Nebraska, 2003-06-22.[23]
★ '''Longest lightning bolt: 190 km (118 miles) 2001-10-13.'''[24]
★ '''Most strikes per year: More than 70 per km² in parts of Central Africa, especially the Democratic Republic of the Congo.'''[25]
★ '''Fastest ever recorded: 484±32 km/h (301±20 mph) 3-second gust; Observed by a DOW (Doppler On Wheels) radar unit in a tornado near Oklahoma City, Oklahoma on 1999-05-03.'''[26]
★ 'Fastest recorded with an anemometer:' 372 km/h (231 mph) sustained 1-minute average; Mount Washington, New Hampshire, 1934-04-12.[27]
★ 'Fastest daily average:' 174 km/h (108 mph); Port Martin (Adélie Land), Antarctica.
★ '''Worst airline disaster due to fog: 583 were killed in the Tenerife disaster; Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain, 1977-03-27.'''[28]
★ '''Highest air pressure ever recorded: 1085.6 mb (32.06 in); Tosontsengel, Khövsgöl Province, Mongolia, 2001-12-19.'''[29]
★ '''Lowest (surface) air pressure ever recorded:''' 850 mbar; recorded in tornado at surface by probe near Manchester, South Dakota on 2003-06-24[30]
★ National Climate Extremes Committee
1. Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation. National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved on 2007-06-21.
2. World Temperature Extremes Retrieved on 2007-06-21.
3. http://www.vjesnik.hr/pdf/2006%5C06%5C03%5C34A34.PDF
4. http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/extremes/index.html
5. http://www.met.ie/climate/temperature.asp
6. http://met.no/met/normaler_ekstremer/maneds_rekorder.html
7. http://www.smn.gov.ar/?mod=biblioteca&id=94 Servicio Meteorólogico Nacional (Argentina).
8. [1] Retrieved on 2007-06-21.
9. Extreme Weather, , Christopher C, Burt, W. W. Norton & Company, ,
10. The Handy Weather Answer Book, , Walter A, Lyons, Visible Ink press, 1997,
11. http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0001377.html
12. http://www.vjesnik.hr/pdf/2006%5C06%5C03%5C34A34.PDF
13. http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/extremes/index.html
14. http://www.met.ie/climate/temperature.asp
15. http://met.no/met/normaler_ekstremer/maneds_rekorder.html
16. http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0308/feature3/
17. http://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/1999/wsnorcrd.htm
18. http://www.tornadoproject.com/alltorns/bangladesh.htm
19. http://www.torro.org.uk/TORRO/research/whirlextreme.php
20. http://www.torro.org.uk/TORRO/research/whirlextreme.php
21. http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL252005_Wilma.pdf
22. http://extremeweatherguide.com/records.asp
23. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/08/0804_030804_largesthailstone.html
24. Extreme Weather Records. Compilation, Adjudication, and Publication., , Randall S., Cerveny, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,
25. http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/intense_storms.html
26. Doppler On Wheels Center for Severe Weather Research
27. http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/101_earth_facts_030722-1.html
28. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/planecrash/human.html
29. http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/extremes/2001/december/extremes1201.html
30.
This is a 'list of weather records', a list of the most extreme occurrences of weather phenomena for various categories. Each of these is understood to be the record for recent history, as these records may have been exceeded before modern weather instrumentation was invented.
Heat
Highest temperature ever recorded
★ '''On earth†: 57.8 °C (136 °F); El Azizia, Libya, 1922-09-13.'''[1]
★ 'In North America:' 56.7 °C (134 °F); Death Valley, California, 1913-07-10.
★
★ 'In Canada:' 45 °C (113 °F); Midale, Saskatchewan, 1937-07-05.
★ 'In Asia:' 54 °C (129 °F); Tirat Tsvi, Israel, 1942-06-21.
★ 'In Australia‡:' 50.7 °C (123 °F); Oodnadatta, South Australia, 1960-01-02.[2]
★ 'In Europe:' 50 °C (122 °F); Seville, Spain, 1881-08-04.
★
★ 'In Croatia:' 42.8 °C (109.0 °F); PloÄe, 1998-08-05.[3]
★
★ 'In Great Britain:' 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) Faversham, Kent, 2003-08-10.[4]
★
★ 'In Ireland:' 33.3 °C (91.9 °F); Kilkenny Castle, County Kilkenny, 1887-06-26.[5]
★
★ 'In Norway:' 35.6 °C (96.1 °F); Nesbyen, Buskerud, 1970-06-20.[6]
★ 'In South America:' 49 °C (120 °F); Villa de MarÃa del RÃo Seco, Argentina, 1920-01-02.[7]
★ 'In Antarctica:' 15 °C (59 °F); Vanda Station, Scott Coast, 1974-01-05.
★
★ 'At the South Pole:' −14.0 °C (7.5 °F); 1978-12-27.[8]
:†''There are a few reports of temperatures higher than this during phenomena known as heat bursts, including a report of an incredible 87 °C (188 °F) in Abadan, Iran in June of 1967. These temperatures have never been confirmed, and are not recognized as world records.[9]
:‡''On 1889-01-16, a temperature of 53 °C (128 °F) was recorded at Cloncurry, Queensland. It was measured with a non-standard thermometer, so it is unknown if this reading was valid or not.''
Other warm records
★ 'Fastest temperature rise:' 27 C° (49 F°) in just 2 minutes; Spearfish, South Dakota, 1943-01-22.
★ 'Warmest temperature ever recorded during a snowfall:' 8.3 °C (47 °F); LaGuardia Airport, New York.
Cold
Coldest temperatures ever recorded
★ '''On earth: −89.6 °C (−128.6 °F); Vostok Station, Antarctica, 1983-07-31.'''[10]
★ 'In Asia:' −68 °C (−90 °F); Verkhoyansk, Russia, 1892-02-07 and Oimekon, Russia, 1933-02-06.
★ 'In North America:' −66 °C (−87 °F); Northice, Greenland 1954-01-09.
★
★ 'In North America (excluding Greenland):' −63 °C (−81 °F); Snag, Yukon Territory, Canada, 1947-02-03.
★
★ 'In the United States:' −62 °C (−80 °F); Prospect Creek, Alaska, 1971-01-23.
★
★
★ 'In the Continental United States:' −56.5 °C (−70 °F); Rogers Pass, Montana, 1954-01-20.[11]
★ 'In Europe:' −55 °C (−67 °F); Ust 'Shchugor, Russia, date unknown.
★
★ 'In Croatia:' −35.5 °C (−31.5 °F); ÄŒakovec, 1929-02-03.[3]
★
★ 'In Great Britain:' −27.2 °C (−17.0 °F); Braemar, Grampian 1895-02-11 and 1982-01-10.[4]
★
★ 'In Ireland:' −19.1 °C (−2.4 °F); Markree Castle, County Sligo; 1881-01-16. [5]
★
★ 'In Norway:' −51.4 °C (−60.5 °F); Karasjok, Finnmark, 1886-01-01.[6]
★ 'In South America:' −39 °C (−38.2 °F); Valle de los Patos Superior, Argentina, 1972-07-17.
★ 'In Africa:' −24 °C (−11 °F); Ifrane, Morocco, 1935-02-11.
★ 'In Australia:' −22 °C (−9 °F); Charlotte Pass, New South Wales, 1994-06-29.
★ 'In Oceania (excluding Australia):' −11 °C (12 °F); Mauna Kea, Hawaii, 1979-05-17.
Other cold records
★ 'Fastest temperature drop:' 26 C° (47 F°) in just 15 minutes; Rapid City, South Dakota, 1911-01-10.
Precipitation
★ '''Least per year (locale): 0.00 mm (0.00 in/year), none in recorded history; Antofagasta Region, Atacama Desert, Chile.'''[16]
Rain
★ '''Most in one minute: 3.8 cm (1.5 in); Barst, Guadeloupe, 1970-11-26.'''
★ '''Highest average annual total: 13.3 meters (523.6 in); Lloro, Colombia.'''
Snow
★ '''Most in one-year period: 31.1 meters (1224 in); Mount Rainier, United States, 1971-02-19 to 1972-02-18.'''
★ 'Most in one season (July 1 through June 30):' 29.0 meters, (1140 in); Mount Baker, United States, 1998 through 1999. [17]
★ 'Largest snowflake ever observed:' 38 centimeters (15 in) in diameter; Fort Keough, Montana, 1887-01-28.
Tornadoes
Deadliest in history
★ '''On Earth: Approximately 1300 deaths; Manikganj District, Bangladesh on 1989-04-26.'''[18]
★ 'In North America:' 695 deaths (Tri-State Tornado); Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, 1925-03-18.
★ 'In Europe:' 600 or more (Grand Harbour Tornado); Valetta, Malta, 23 September 1551 or 1556 (sources conflict)[19]
Earliest known
★ 'On earth:' 1054-04-30; Rosdalla (near Kilbeggan), Ireland.[19]
===Outbreaks===
★ 'Deadliest:' 747 were killed by the Tri-State Tornado and associated outbreak on 1925-03-18.
★ 'Largest and most severe:' 148 tornadoes occurred in 16 hours on 03 April to 04 April 1974. They affected 13 US states and Ontario, Canada, and included 24 F4's and 6 F5's, more F5's than have been reported in any other ''year''. There were also more significant tornadoes during that 24 hours than any other entire week on record.
Tropical cyclones
Most intense (by minimum air pressure)
★ '''Most intense ever recorded: 870 mb (25.63 inHg); eye of Typhoon Tip over the Pacific Ocean, 1979-10-12.'''
★ 'Most intense in the Western Hemisphere:' 882 mb (26.05 inHg); eye of Hurricane Wilma, 2005-10-19.[21]
★ 'Most intense ever recorded on land:' 892 mb (26.35 inHg); Craig Key, Florida, eye of the Labor Day Hurricane, 1935-09-02. While other landfalling tropical cyclones have almost certainly had lower pressures, data is spotty from areas other than the Atlantic Basin, especially before the invention of weather satellites.[22]
Other severe weather
Largest hailstone ever measured, almost 0.5 meters (19 inches) in circumference.
Hail
★ 'Largest ever measured in the United States:' 17.8 cm (7.0 in) diameter, 47.6 cm (18.75 in) circumference; Aurora, Nebraska, 2003-06-22.[23]
Lightning
★ '''Longest lightning bolt: 190 km (118 miles) 2001-10-13.'''[24]
★ '''Most strikes per year: More than 70 per km² in parts of Central Africa, especially the Democratic Republic of the Congo.'''[25]
Wind speed
★ '''Fastest ever recorded: 484±32 km/h (301±20 mph) 3-second gust; Observed by a DOW (Doppler On Wheels) radar unit in a tornado near Oklahoma City, Oklahoma on 1999-05-03.'''[26]
★ 'Fastest recorded with an anemometer:' 372 km/h (231 mph) sustained 1-minute average; Mount Washington, New Hampshire, 1934-04-12.[27]
★ 'Fastest daily average:' 174 km/h (108 mph); Port Martin (Adélie Land), Antarctica.
Other categories
★ '''Worst airline disaster due to fog: 583 were killed in the Tenerife disaster; Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain, 1977-03-27.'''[28]
★ '''Highest air pressure ever recorded: 1085.6 mb (32.06 in); Tosontsengel, Khövsgöl Province, Mongolia, 2001-12-19.'''[29]
★ '''Lowest (surface) air pressure ever recorded:''' 850 mbar; recorded in tornado at surface by probe near Manchester, South Dakota on 2003-06-24[30]
External links
★ National Climate Extremes Committee
References
1. Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation. National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved on 2007-06-21.
2. World Temperature Extremes Retrieved on 2007-06-21.
3. http://www.vjesnik.hr/pdf/2006%5C06%5C03%5C34A34.PDF
4. http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/extremes/index.html
5. http://www.met.ie/climate/temperature.asp
6. http://met.no/met/normaler_ekstremer/maneds_rekorder.html
7. http://www.smn.gov.ar/?mod=biblioteca&id=94 Servicio Meteorólogico Nacional (Argentina).
8. [1] Retrieved on 2007-06-21.
9. Extreme Weather, , Christopher C, Burt, W. W. Norton & Company, ,
10. The Handy Weather Answer Book, , Walter A, Lyons, Visible Ink press, 1997,
11. http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0001377.html
12. http://www.vjesnik.hr/pdf/2006%5C06%5C03%5C34A34.PDF
13. http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/extremes/index.html
14. http://www.met.ie/climate/temperature.asp
15. http://met.no/met/normaler_ekstremer/maneds_rekorder.html
16. http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0308/feature3/
17. http://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/1999/wsnorcrd.htm
18. http://www.tornadoproject.com/alltorns/bangladesh.htm
19. http://www.torro.org.uk/TORRO/research/whirlextreme.php
20. http://www.torro.org.uk/TORRO/research/whirlextreme.php
21. http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL252005_Wilma.pdf
22. http://extremeweatherguide.com/records.asp
23. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/08/0804_030804_largesthailstone.html
24. Extreme Weather Records. Compilation, Adjudication, and Publication., , Randall S., Cerveny, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,
25. http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/intense_storms.html
26. Doppler On Wheels Center for Severe Weather Research
27. http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/101_earth_facts_030722-1.html
28. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/planecrash/human.html
29. http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/extremes/2001/december/extremes1201.html
30.
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