WEB PORTAL

Administrator users like to have administrative tools all in a single place to standardize:

★ Look and feel

★ Consistent headers and footers, color schemes, icons and logos which gives the user a feel and sense of consistency, uniformity, and ease of navigation

★ A portlet is an application within a browser window, displayed in an effective layout

★ A portlet is itself a web application

★ Portlets are aggregated by the portal page

Contents

Customization

Development of personal portals

Regional web portals

Government web portals

Corporate web portals

Hosted web portals

Domain specific portals

Other types of portals

Standards

Emerging standards

External links

Popular web portals

References

Customization

★ Users control, on an individual basis, a portal’s look and feel by setting portlet layout, look and feel.

Development of personal portals

In the late 1990s, the web portal was a hot commodity. After the proliferation of web browsers in the mid-1990s, many companies tried to build or acquire a portal, to have a piece of the Internet market. The web portal gained special attention because it was, for many users, the starting point of their web browser. Netscape became a part of America Online, the Walt Disney Company launched Go.com, and Excite and @Home became a part of AT&T during the late 1990s. Lycos was said to be a good target for other media companies such as CBS.
Many of the portals started initially as either web directories (notably Yahoo!) and/or search engines (Excite, Lycos, AltaVista, infoseek, and Hotbot among the old ones). Expanding services was a strategy to secure the user-base and lengthen the time a user stayed on the portal. Services which require user registration such as free email, customization features, and chatrooms were considered to enhance repeat use of the portal. Game, chat, email, news, and other services also tend to make users stay longer, thereby increasing the advertising revenue.
The portal craze, with "old media" companies racing to outbid each other for Internet properties, died down with the dot-com flameout in 2000 and 2001. Disney pulled the plug on Go.com, Excite went bankrupt and its remains were sold to iWon.com. Some notable portal sites ― Yahoo!, for instance ― remain successful to this day. To modern dot-com businesses, the portal craze serves as a cautionary tale about the risks of rushing into a market crowded with highly-capitalized but largely undifferentiated me-too companies.

Regional web portals

Along with the development and success of international personal portals such as Yahoo!, regional variants have also sprung up. Some regional portals contain local information such as weather forecasts, street maps and local business information. Another notable expansion over the past couple of years is the move into formerly unthinkable markets.
"Local content - global reach" portals have emerged not only from countries like Korea (Naver.com), India (Rediff), China (Sina.com), Romania(Neogen.ro), Greece(in.gr) and Italy (Webplace.it), but in countries like Vietnam where they are very important for learning how to apply e-commerce, e-government, etc. Such portals reach out to the widespread diaspora across the world.

Government web portals

At the end of the dot-com boom in the 1990s, many governments had already committed to creating portal sites for their citizens. In the United States the main portal is USA.gov, in addition to portals developed for specific audiences such as DisabilityInfo.gov; in the United Kingdom the main portals are Directgov (for citizens) and businesslink.gov.uk (for businesses).
Many U.S. states have their own portals which provide direct access to eCommerce applications (''e.g.,'' Hawaii Business Express and myIndianaLicense), agency and department web sites, and more specific information about living in, doing business in and getting around the state.
Many U.S. states have chosen to out-source the operation of their portals to third-party vendors. One company that is an example of this is NICUSA which runs 20 state portals.
One of the issues that comes up with government web portals is that different agencies often have their own portals and sometimes a statewide portal-directory structure is not sophisticated and deep enough to meet the needs of multiple agencies. Over the last few years more sophisticated technologies are allowing loosely-coupled portal integrations bound together by standard interoperability formats (like SIF) that support a more heterogeneous non-parallel environment.

Corporate web portals

Corporate intranets gained popularity during the 1990s. Having access to a variety of company information via a web browser was a new way of working. Intranets quickly grew in size and complexity, and webmasters (many of whom lacked the discipline of managing content and users) became overwhelmed in their duties. It wasn't enough to have a consolidated view of company information, users were demanding personalization and customization. Webmasters, if skilled enough, were able to offer some capabilities, but for the most part ended up driving users away from using the intranet.
The 1990s were a time of innovation for the concept of corporate web portals. Many companies began to offer tools to help webmasters manage their data, applications and information more easily, and through personalized views. Some portal solutions today are able to integrate legacy applications, other portals objects, and handle thousands of user requests.
Today’s corporate portals are sprouting new value-added capabilities for businesses. Capabilities such as managing workflows, increasing collaboration between work groups, and allowing content creators to self-publish their information are lifting the burden off already strapped IT departments.
In addition, most portal solutions today, if architected correctly, can allow internal and external access to specific corporate information using secure authentication or Single-Sign-On.
JSR168 Standards emerged around 2001. Java Specification Request (JSR) 168 standards allow the interoperability of portlets across different portal platforms. These standards allow portal developers, administrators and consumers to integrate standards-based portals and portlets across a variety of vendor solutions.
Microsoft's SharePoint Portal Server line of products have been gaining popularity among corporations for building their portals, partly due to the tight integration with the rest of the Microsoft Office products. Research by Forrester Research in 2004 shows that Microsoft is the vendor of choice for companies looking for portal server software^[1].
In response to Microsoft's strong presence in the portal market, other portal vendors are being acquired, or are challenging their offering. Oracle Corporation, in 2007, released Web Center Suite, a similar product to SharePoint. Web Center Suite has a full line of collaboration tools (blogs, wikis, team spaces, calendaring, email, etc.).
In addition, the popularity of content aggregation is growing and portal solution will continue to evolve significantly over the next few years. The Gartner Group predicts generation 8 portals to expand on the enterprise mash-up concept of delivering a variety of information, tools, applications and access points through a single mechanism.
With the increase in user generated content, disparate data silo's, and file formats, information architects and taxonomist will be required to allow users the ability to tag (classify) the data. This will ultimately cause a ripple effect where users will also be generating adhoc navigation and information flows.

Hosted web portals

As corporate portals gained popularity a number of companies began offering them as a hosted service. The hosted portal market fundamentally changed the composition of portals. In many ways they served simply as a tool for publishing information instead of the loftier goals of integrating legacy applications or presenting correlated data from distributed databases. The early hosted portal companies such as Hyperoffice.com ^[2] or the now defunct InternetPortal.com focused on collaboration and scheduling in addition to the distribution of corporate data. As hosted web portals have risen in popularity their feature set has grown to include hosted databases, document management, email, discussion forums and more. Hosted portals automatically personalize the content generated from their modules to provide a personalized experience to their users. In this regard they have remained true to the original goals of the earlier corporate web portals.

Domain specific portals

A number of portals have come about that are specific to a particular domain, offering access to related companies and services, a prime example of this trend would be the growth in property portals that give access to services such as estate agents, removal firm and solicitors that offer conveyancing. Examples of this type of portal would be TheBigMover.com (Spain), trulia.com (US).

Other types of portals

★ Entertainment portals: often all members of an entertainment portal are responsible for its content and direct the type of entertainment that is available to visitors to the site. An example of one such portal is the UK music portal Singable. Or the South African music and entertainment portal Overtone. These can be an essential part of community based networking and collaboration.

★ Environmental portals: in recent years, many environmental portals have been developed in order to raise awareness about environmental indicators. Such an example is the EUSOILS.

★ Investment portals: these are an excellent resource when researching global and industry specific markets.

★ B2B and B2C portals: B2B or Business to Business portals have become a very important resource for global business. They provide buyer and seller details for different commodities and products and help in connecting businesses across the globe. A B2B portal that specializes in a single industry is called a vertical B2B portal or a ''vortal''. B2C or Business to Consumer portals are used to directly sell products to consumers.

★ Mini portals: some localized portals are based on local interests, and edited and maintained by individuals. While they do not provide the same levels of services as major portals, they are a good place for collaboration of ideas, for commonly interested people. Inviso Portal is an example.

★ Voice portals: in addition to standard web sites accessed through web browsers, people can also access "voice sites" through "voice browsers". Destinations accessed in this way by standard telephones are often called Voice Portals.

★ Shopping portals: all in one shopping portals where you can search and browse through products and reviews. One such an example is Jump Shopping in South Africa.

★ Combination portals: many web sites and portals now leverage web services and web 2.0 techniques to provide a powerful combination of portals on one site. InfoBuoy is an example of such a site, which presents features from Google, Yahoo, Amazon, eBay, Snap and more.

★ Sportal (sports portal): one-stop-shops for sports team information and merchandise.

Standards

★ Web Services for Remote Portlets v1

★ JSR 168 (Java Portlet Definition Standard)

Emerging standards

★ Web Services for Remote Portlets v2

★ JSR 286 (Java Portlet Definition Standard v2)

External links

★ International Trade Portal

★ How Microsoft lost the API war — A discussion on how web applications are replacing windows applications

★ Web Applications in the Open Directory Project

★ Vendor-independent documentation on Grid-compliant open source portals[1]. - report on uPortal, Gridsphere and Liferay portals

★ Portals news site — Newsfeeds, featured articles and whitepapers about portals

★ Traffick blog — Portals and search engine blog

Popular web portals

★ Google

★ MSN.com

★ Yahoo.com

★ aol.com

★ Netvibes

★ Pageflakes

★ iGoogle

References

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