WERECAT

'Werecats' (also written in a hyphenated form as 'were-cats') are creatures of folklore, fantasy fiction, horror fiction and occultism that are generally described as shapeshifters who are similar to werewolves, except that they turn into creatures that are based on some species of feline instead of being based on a wolf.^{[1][2][3][4][5]} The species involved can be a domestic cat,^[6] a tiger,^[7] a lion,^[8] a leopard,^[9] a lynx, or any other type, including some that are purely fantastical felines.^[10] Typically, an individual werecat can only transform to one unique feline, not to a number of different species, and each individual type of werecat may be known by a more species-specific term such as "weretiger".^[11] The word "werecat" was not coined until the late 19th century, so it was not directly used in legends from earlier eras, only by later folklorists' commentary.

Contents

Folklore

Europe

Fiction

Films

Anime and manga

Television

Novels

Comics

Games

Occultism and theology

Footnotes

References

See also

External links

Folklore

Werecat folklore is found on all continents except Antarctica and Australia and is generally based on wild felines native to the area.

Europe

European folklore usually depicts werecats who transform into domestic cats. Some European werecats became giant domestic cats or black panthers.^[12] They are generally labeled witches, even though they may have just the one magical ability, of self-transformation.^[13] During the witch trials, the official Church doctrine stated that all shapeshifters, including werewolves, were witches.^[14]
===Africa===
African legends describe people who turn into lions or leopards. In the case of leopards, this is often because the creature is really a leopard god or goddess masquerading as human. When these gods mate with humans, offspring can be produced, and these children sometimes grow up to be shapeshifters; Those who do not transform may instead have other powers. In reference to werecats who turn into lions, the ability is often associated with royalty. Such a being may have been a king or queen in a former life, or may be destined for leadership in this life. This quality of heroic warriorship can be seen in the lions of Tsavo, which were reputed to be kings in lion shape, attempting to repel the invading Europeans by stopping their railroad.
===Asia===
Mainland Asian werecats usually become tigers. In India, the weretiger is often a dangerous sorcerer, portrayed as a menace to livestock, who might at any time turn to man-eating. Chinese legends often describe weretigers as the victims of either a heredity curse or a vindictive ghost. Ancient teachings held that every race except the Han Chinese were really animals in disguise, so that there was nothing extraordinary about some of these false humans reverting to their true natures. Alternately, the ghosts of people who had been killed by tigers could become malevolent supernatural beings, devoting all their energy to making sure that tigers killed more humans. Some of these ghosts were responsible for transforming ordinary humans into man-eating weretigers. Also, in Japanese folklore there are creatures called bakeneko that are similar to kitsune (fox spirits) and tanuki (raccoon dogs).
In both Indonesia and Malaysia we meet with another kind of were-tiger.^[15] The power of transformation is regarded as due to inheritance, to the use of spells, to fasting and will-power, to the use of charms, etc. Save when it is hungry or has just cause for revenge, it is not hostile to man; in fact, it is said to take its animal form only at night and to guard the plantations from wild pigs, exactly as the ''balams'' (magicians) of Yucatán were said to guard the maize fields in animal form. Variants of this belief assert that the shapeshifter does not recognize his friends unless they call him by name, or that he goes out as a mendicant and transforms himself to take vengeance on those who refuse him alms. Somewhat similar is the belief of the Khonds; for them the tiger is friendly, and he reserves his wrath for their enemies. A man is said to take the form of a tiger in order to wreak a just vengeance.
===South America===
South American werecats usually became jaguars. In some tribes, all shamans were thought to have the ability to become jaguars. There are also urban legends about jaguar shapeshifters lurking along highways in tales similar to the modern vanishing hitchhiker, and of their being assassins secretly employed by the government or organized crime.
===North America===
Present-day North American werecat legends are usually based on the European model, with domestic cats, either normal-sized or giant, being the favored shape. Cougars appear rarely, and jaguars only appear south of the American border. In what is now Mexico, Aztec folklore described jaguar people as being specially blessed by one of the gods, but modern Mexican folklore is more likely to attribute such transformation powers to the devil. American urban legends tell of encounters with feline bipeds; beings similar to the Bigfoot having cat heads, tails and paws. Feline bipeds are sometimes classified as part of cryptozoology, but more often they are interpreted as werecats.^[16]

Fiction

Fictional werecats tend to be portrayed as less influenced by the lunar cycle than fictional werewolves, and they appear in heroic roles slightly more often. In addition, the females seem to outnumber the males, which is the opposite of the tradition in werewolf fiction.

Films

★ The movie ''Cat People'' was the most influential item of werecat fiction, about a real sex kitten who turns into a black panther. It was followed forty years later by ''Cat People'', a remake in name only with a vastly changed storyline that now included two shapeshifters, brother and sister.

★ The movie ''Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island'' consist of werecats that drain life forces to preserve their immortality.

★ The film ''Night Watch'' featured a character named Tiger Cub who was a weretiger.

★ The film ''Sleepwalkers'' portrayed hairless werecats as the basis for vampire legends.

★ ''Half-Caste'', a mockumentary made in the style of ''The Blair Witch Project'', purports to base its story on legends from South Africa.

★ In the animated Marvel Comics movie, ''Ultimate Avengers 2'', the Black Panther can turn into a werepanther when angry.

★ In ''Halloweentown High'', Layla is a werecat, she is not really shown and is one of the creatures that went back to Halloweentown.

★ The Malaysian movie, Waris Jari Hantu (literally meaning "inheritance of a ghost's finger) is a movie about a weretiger who is searching for a heir to be the next weretiger to protect (its) family and village.

Anime and manga

★ The video games, animation adaptations, and comic books of ''Darkstalkers'' feature the character Felicia who usually stays in a catgirl form but can also transform into a small white cat. She also appears in several cross-over games.

★ The manga and television series ''Ranma ½'' has plenty of shapeshifters, including a character named Shampoo, who turns into a cat when hit by cold water, as the result of a magic curse.

★ The anime of ''Outlaw Star'' had a character named Aisha Clanclan who was already a catgirl, but could turn into a white tiger.

★ Kyo Sohma in the series ''Fruits Basket'' becomes a house cat, and Kisa Sohma becomes a tiger.

★ Ichigo Momomiya and Ryou Shirogane in ''Tokyo Mew Mew'' are scientifically altered to be part cat. In the anime and manga, Ichigo only turns into a cat when kissed or when she gets excited or nervous. The only way for her to revert to human is being kissed again. For Shirogane, he can only remain as a cat for ten minutes at a time, or he will remain a cat permanently.

★ The anime ''KO Century Beast Warriors'' has a weretiger named Wan, and other shapeshifters, as the heroes.

★ In ''Gorgon Sisters'' (a hentai manga) werecats are described as an old necromancer's trick. Essentially the described recipe is similar to that of a homunculus.

★ In the ''Bleach'' series, Yoruichi Shihouin is an ex-shinigami who can shapeshift into a cat. She can control the transformation and change whenever she wants. When she makes her first appearance, she is a cat and later reveals her true form as a woman (unclothed) in front of and much to his surprise and embarrassment the main character, Ichigo Kurosaki.

Television

★ In Season 3 of ''Mighty Morphin' Power Rangers'', the character Kat Hillard, while under the control of Rita Repulsa and Lord Zedd, could become a white Angora cat, and when she paralyzed Tommy to gain control of the Falcon Ninjazord, cat scratch marks appeared over his body. She would later on lose this ability when she reformed (because she was under a spell at the time).

★ In Season 1 of ''Big Wolf on Campus'' the episode ''Cat Woman'' focused on conflicts between a werewolf and a werecat (a girl with blue streaks in her hair who transformed into a dyed-blue cat).

★ The short-lived 1980s television series ''Manimal'' featured a shape-shifting man who could turn himself into any animal at will, usually into a hawk or black panther.

★ An episode of ''Gargoyles'' called ''Mark of the Panther'' dealt with werepanthers in Africa.

★ An episode of "Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job" dealt with Tim turning into a cat, being stuck in the form of an orange tabby cat for the majority of the episode. Another segment in the same episode has a commercial for a television series about a man who can turn into a cat, named "Kitty Cat Man".

Novels

★ "The Last Wizard" by Tanya Huff includes a race of wizard-created werebeasts that live in the mountains. There are several types, but they consist mostely of werewolves and werecats.

★ The contain many werecats, mainly .

★ ''The Jaguar Princess'' by Clare Bell is about an Aztec slave girl who is descended from jaguar gods and can transform into a jaguar.

★ Two Witch World fantasy novels by Andre Norton focus on werecat characters, ''Year of the Unicorn'' and ''The Jargoon Pard''.

★ The ''Southern Vampire'' series by Charlaine Harris features various werecreatures, including werepanthers and weretigers.

★ Minerva McGonagall of the Harry Potter series is not a werecat - she's an animagus who can turn into a tabby cat.

★ In the Black Lace novel ''The Pride'' by Edie Bingham, the lead character, Kami Osbank, is a member of a hidden race of feline humanoids who possess tails, claws and tracks of leopard-like spots, all of which appear whenever she gets angry or aroused.

★ In Caitlín R. Kiernan's ''Alabaster'', Dancy Flammarion comes upon a sort of werepanther trapped in a cage, kept as a roadside attraction in southern Georgia.

★ In Night Watch, a character named Tiger Cub has the ability to transform into a tiger at will, due to her magical skills.

★ One of R.L. Stine's Ghosts of Fear Street books, ''Night of the Werecat'', features a girl named Wendy with the ability to change into a housecat.

★ In Cynthia Leitich Smith's Tantalize, werewolves and werecats are traditional rivals, but both fight vampires.

★ Garth Nix's Sabriel features a being called Mogget. Although he is neither a cat nor human, he often manifests himself as one of these two while in his bound form.

★ In the book series Animorphs, five teenaged youths are given the power to metamorphose ("morph") into animals, for which they must first acquire their DNA. Jake, the leader, acquires a tiger's DNA and can morph into it. Also, Tobias acquires his pet cat's DNA as the group's first morph, whereas Rachel morphs a childhood friend's cat.

★ In Discworld, Greebo is a reverse of the werecat, in that he does not change into a cat; rather the cat changes into a human.

★ In Rachel Vincent STRAY, the main character, and her family or "Pride" are all Werecats

★ In The Inheritance books (Eragon and Eldest) two werecats are main characters; a male named Solembum that can turn into a small boy, and a female named Maude that transforms into a wise woman. Both are depicted as ancient, powerful beings with the ability to forsee the future and offer advise.

Comics

★ ''Clan of the Cats'' is a comic that has a black panther werecat as the main character.

★ ''Gold Digger'' is a comic with a cheetah werecat as the sidekick of the main character.

★ ''The Wotch'' has a werecat character named Katie McBride. However, Katie was a human who was transformed when a werekitty bit her. When Katie transforms into the werecat, she went on a rampage through Tandy until she has a green amulet on her neck bringing her mind back even in werecat form.

★ ''El Goonish Shive'' has several shapeshifting characters, two of whom, Grace and Elliot, have the ability to take on a human/cat hybrid form.

★ The post-crisis Cheetah characters from DC Comics were represented as true werecats instead of the earlier costumed supervillains.

★ Catseye from Marvel Comics could become a human/cat hybrid, or a panther.

★ Tigra from Marvel Comics is a weretiger.

★ The Tokyopop OEL manga ''Reality Check'' is about a catowner whose pet regularly enters the world of online virtual reality gaming and the Internet, where her avatar is a catgirl; since she has at least near-human intelligence and can communicate with humans through ordinary speech in the online worlds, she is effectively a technologically-enabled werecat, albeit one which started as a cat rather than human.

★ Boo Cat in is a werecat who retains her cat form while in moonlight.

Games

★ The role-playing game includes werecats called Bastet.

★ In the role-playing game Dungeons and Dragons, weretigers are feared for being one of the most powerful lycanthropes; werecats are unique to the Forgotten Realms campaign setting as devotees of Sharess.

★ In the role-playing game of Athrok Kingdom one of the main characters, Rask, is a noted werecat with the ability to become a small white cat at will. A few other werecats make an appearance also.

★ The RPG series Breath of Fire features a race of cat-like humanoids called Woren. One of them (Rei, from Breath of Fire 3) can turn into a large, extremely powerful weretiger during battle.

★ The video game features Laguz, a race of humanoids which are able to take the forms of certain animals. The 'Beast Clan' of Laguz is made up of those who turn into cats, lions and tigers.

★ The ''Castlevania'' video game series features many werecats based on big cats, including a main werelion villain Ortega from ''.

★ The Bloody Roar video game series features many werecreatures (called ''Zoanthropes''), including Long and Shenlong the weretigers, Gado the werelion, Shina the wereleopard, and Uriko the werebobcat.

★ Morrowind and both contain a race of cat-like humanoids called Khajiit.

★ In the PC computer game Hexen II, there are a group of enemy werecat creatures known as Werejaguars and Werepanthers, who are known for running fast, jumping, wielding swords, and sometimes reflecting projectiles with their shields.

★ In the PC computer game Shadowcaster, the player can transform into a werecat creature known as the Maorin.

★ In the World of Warcraft, night elf druids can change into a panther and Tauren druids can become a lion (both races of druids can become a cheetah), and an item called the "moonstalker cloak" can turn any Alliance player into a moonstalker (a black tiger with grey stripes) for 5 minutes.

Occultism and theology

Assertions that werecats truly exist and have an origin in supernatural or religious realities have been common for centuries, with these beliefs often being hard to entirely separate from folklore. In the nineteenth century, occultist J.C. Street asserted that material cat and dog transformations could be produced by manipulating the "ethereal fluid" that human bodies are supposedly floating in.^[17] The official Catholic witch-hunting manual, the Malleus Maleficarum, asserted that witches can turn into cats, but that their transformations are illusions created by demons.^[18] New Age author John Perkins asserted that every person has the ability to shapeshift into "jaguars, bushes or any other form" by using mental power.^[19] Occultist Rosalyn Greene claims that werecats called "cat shifters" exist as part of a "shifter subculture" or underground New Age religion based on lycanthropy and related beliefs.^[20]

Footnotes

1.
The Guide to Supernatural Fiction, , Everett, Bleiler, Kent State University Press, ,

2.
Fantasy Fix, , Christine, Warren, Ellora's Cave, ,

3.
Night of the Werecat, , R.L., Stine, Aladdin, ,

4.
Witchling, , Yasmine, Galenorn, Berkley, ,

5.
The Magic of Shapeshifting, , Rosalyn, Greene, Weiser, ,

6.
Witchling, , Yasmine, Galenorn, Berkley, ,

7.
Monster Manual: Core Rulebook III, , , , Wizards of the Coast, ,

8.
Lair of the Lion, , Christine, Feehan, Leisure Books, ,

9.
The Horror Film: An Introduction, , Rick, Worland, Blackwell Publishing, ,

10.
The Magic of Shapeshifting, , Rosalyn, Greene, Weiser, ,

11.
The Werewolf, , Montague, Summers, University Books, ,

12.
Half Human, Half Animal, , Jamie, Hall, 1st Books, ,

13.
Human Animals, , Frank, Hamel, University Books, ,

14.
The Malleus Maleficarum of Heinrich Kramer and James Sprenger, , Montague, Summers, Book Tree, ,

15.
Encyclopædia Britannica, , , , , ,

16.
Out of the Dark, , Brad, Steiger, Kensington Books, ,

17.
Human Animals, , Frank, Hamel, University Books, ,

18.
The Malleus Maleficarum of Heinrich Kramer and James Sprenger, , Montague, Summers, Book Tree, ,

19.
Shape Shifting, , John, Perkins, Destiny Books, ,

20.
The Magic of Shapeshifting, , Rosalyn, Greene, Weiser, ,

References

★

★ Borges, Jorge. (1969). ''The book of imaginary beings''. New York: E. P. Dutton. ISBN 0-670-89180-0

★ Greene, Rosalyn. (2000). ''The magic of shapeshifting''. York Beach: Weiser. ISBN 1-57863-171-8

★ Hall, Jamie. (2003). ''Half human, half animal: Tales of werewolves and related creatures''. Bloomington: 1st Books. ISBN 1-4107-5809-5

★ Hamel, Frank. (1969). ''Human animals: Werewolves & other transformations''. New Hyde Park: University Books. ISBN 0-8216-0092-3

★ Steiger, Brad. (2001). ''Out of the dark''. New York: Kensington Books. ISBN 1-57566-896-3

★ Saunders, Nicholas J. (1991). ''The cult of the cat''. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-81036-2

See also

★

★ Catgirl

★ Nekomusume

★ Were

★ Shapeshifting

External links

★ Cheetaholics: Official Gold Digger Webpage

★ Feline Bipeds

★ Half-Caste at Internet Movie Datebase

★ Legend of the Lion Woman

★ Okesa: Shapeshifter Cat

★ Portal of Transformation: Jaguar Shamans

★ Snow Leopard Conservancy: Myths & Legends: The Song of the Snow Range

★ The Werewolf and Shapeshifter Codex: Werecat Annex

★ Werecat of Salem

★ Werecat