WESTERN CANON

The 'Western canon' is a term used to denote a of books, and, more widely, music and art, that has been the most influential in shaping Western culture. It asserts a compendium of the greatest works of artistic merit. Such a canon is important to the theory of educational perennialism and the development of high culture.
Although previously held in high regard, it has been the subject of increasing contention through the latter half of the 20th century. In practice, debates, and attempts to actually define the Canon in lists, are essentially restricted to books of various sorts: Literature, including Poetry, Fiction and Drama, autobiographical writings and Letters, Philosophy and History. A few accessible books on the Sciences are usually included.

Contents

Examples

Origins

Debate

Works

See also

External links

Examples

Examples of shorter canonical lists include (in which the selectors have attempted to list only the most important ones):

★ The Harvard Classics

★ Great Books

★ Great Books of the Western World

★ Harold Bloom's Western Canon
University reading lists are also good indicators of what is considered to be in the Western canon:

★ St. John's College reading list

★ Columbia College Core Curriculum
Longer lists (in which the selectors have attempted to be more comprehensive):

★ Loeb Classical Library (Greek and Latin authors)

★ I Tatti Renaissance Library (Renaissance authors)

★ Everyman's Library (Modern works)

★ Penguin Classics

Origins

The process of listmaking—defining the boundaries of the canon—is endless. One of the notable attempts in the English-speaking world was the ''Great Books of the Western World'' program. This program, developed in the middle third of the 20th century, grew out of the curriculum at the University of Chicago. University president Robert Hutchins and his collaborator Mortimer Adler developed a program that offered reading lists, books, and organizational strategies for reading clubs to the general public.
An earlier attempt, the Harvard Classics (1909) was promulgated by Harvard University president Charles W. Eliot, whose thesis was the same as Carlyle's:
:''... The greatest university of all is a collection of books.'' - Thomas Carlyle

Debate

There has been an ongoing, intensely political debate over the nature and status of the canon since at least the 1960s. In the USA, in particular, it has been attacked as a compendium of books written mainly by "dead white European males", that thus do not represent the viewpoints of many others in contemporary societies around the world. Others, notably Allan Bloom in his 1987 book ''The Closing of the American Mind'', have disagreed strongly. Authors such as Yale Professor of Humanities Harold Bloom (no relation) have also spoken strongly in favor of the canon, and in general the canon remains as a represented idea in most institutions, though its implications continue to be debated heavily.
Defenders maintain that those who undermine the canon do so out of primarily political interests, and that the measure of quality represented by the works of the canon is of an aesthetic rather than political nature. Thus, any political objections aimed at the canon are ultimately irrelevant.
One of the main objections to a canon of literature is the question of authority—who should have the power to determine what works are worth reading and teaching?

Works

Works which are commonly included in the canon include works of fiction such as some epic poems, poetry, music, drama, novels, and other assorted forms of literature from the many diverse Western (and more recently non-Western) cultures. Many non-fiction works are also listed, primarily from the areas of religion, mythology, science, philosophy, economics, politics, and history.
Works which directly address the canon (both ''for'' and ''against''):

★ '' by Harold Bloom (ISBN 978-1573225144)

★ '' by Harold Bloom (ISBN 978-1573227513)

★ ''The Dead Father'' by Donald Barthelme (ISBN 978-0374529253)

★ ''The History of Western Literature'' by Otto Maria Carpeaux (eight volumes, only available in Portuguese)

★ '' by Lee Morrissey (ISBN 978-1403968203)

See also

★ Canons of Elizabethan poetry

★ Great Conversation

★ History

★ Literature

★ University

★ Seminal work

★ Relativism

★ Stringfellow Barr

★ Scott Buchanan

★ Harold Bloom

External links

★ "Harold Bloom's canon"

★ All That You Know Not to Be Is Utterly Real, Part I by Curtis White

★ "Great Ideas" Website

★ A "Great Books" Website

★ Western Canon Great Books University

★ Columbia College Core Curriculum

★ The World's Greatest Books page at Project Gutenberg of Australia