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:''Note:The term "white", in this usage, does not refer to ethnicity or skin color.''
'White torture' is a type of psychological torture[1], Canadian Centre for Victims of Torture (CCVT), 2004 that includes extreme sensory deprivation and isolation.[2][3] Carrying out this type of torture makes the detainee lose personal identity and decrease human production through long terms of isolation.[4][5]
In Iran, white torture is referred to as ''Shekanjeh-e Sefid'' (Persian: شكنجه سفيد, lit. ''In the grasp of the whiteness''),[6] and it is currently practiced on political prisoners.[7] Many of political prisoners who experience this type of torture are journalists[8] held in the Evin prison.[9] According to Hadi Ghaemi, taking out such tortures in Evin are not necessarily authorized directly by the Iranian government.[10]
It can include prolonged periods of solitary confinement, often in detention centres outside the control of the prison authorities, including Section 209 of Evin Prison.
In an Amnesty International report in 2004 there were documented evidence of "white torture" on Amir Abbas Fakhravar, by the revolutionary guards. According to the report, which called his case the first known example of white torture in Iran Sarah Baxter. Fugitive pleads with US to 'liberate' Iran, ''The Sunday Times'', May 21, 2006. Retrieved on March 10, 2007. claimed that "''his cells had no windows, and the walls and his clothes were white. His meals consisted of white rice on white plates. To use the toilet, he had to put a white piece of paper under the door. He was forbidden to speak, and the guards reportedly wore shoes that muffled sound''.[11][12][13] Upon his arrival in the US, Fakhravar confirmed this report in an interview with Christian Broadcasting Network.[14]
On a telephone call to the Human Rights Watch in 2004, Ebrahim Nabavi the well known Iranian journalist, regarding why this type of torture is referred to as White torture has claimed that:
''Since I left Evin, I have not been able to sleep without sleeping pills. It is terrible. 'The loneliness never leaves you, long after you are “free.” Every door that is closed on you..This is why we call it “white torture.”' They get what they want without having to hit you. They know enough about you to control the information that you get: they can make you believe that the president has resigned, that they have your wife, that someone you trust has told them lies about you. You begin to break. And once you break, they have control. And then you begin to confess''[15]
Kianush Sanjari, an Iranian blogger and activist who had allegedly experienced this type of torture in 2006 claimed that:
"''I feel that solitary confinement - which wages war on the soul and mind of a person - can be the most inhuman form of white torture for people like me, who are arrested solely for [defending] citizens' rights. I only hope the day comes when no one is put in solitary confinement [to punish them] for the peaceful expression of his ideas.''"[16]
There are concerns that the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) leader Abdullah Öcalan is under white torture.[17][18] Since his arrest, he has been under solitary confinement at the maximum-security prison island İmralı.[19]
★ German artist Gregor Schneider based his room design of "''Weiße Folter''" (lit. German for White torture) on this idea[20][21]
1. Ruxandra Cesereanu, , Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies (JSRI), Summer 2006.
2. Helping to break the Silence: Urgent Actions on Iran, Amnesty International, April 1, 2004.
3. Lionel Beehner, Iran's Waning Human Rights, Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), August 9, 2006.
4. Call for Action Against Isolation and Torture, TML Daily, December 12, 2003.
5. David Morgan, Violations of human...rights of the Kurds in Turkey, Kurdish Media, March 22, 2005.
6. Chronology of Events in Iran (February 2004), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), February, 2004.
7. Karl Vick, Report Cites 'Climate of Fear' in Iran, The Washington Post, June 7, 2004.
8. UN human rights commission urged to sanction Iran, Reporters Without Borders, March 15, 2005.
9. Amnesty International, Iran:... Kianoosh Sanjari, January 10,2007.
10. Doug Saunders, Few know who is held behind the tiled walls of Tehran's Evin prison, February 19, 2007
11. United States Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - Iran in 2006, March 6, 2007.
12. Cathy McCann [1], NEAR International, March 17, 2004.
13. Eli Lake, Iranian Dissident to Seek Support For Opposition, The New York Sun, May 9, 2006.
14. Kenneth R. Timmerman, Sins of Omission, Sins of Commission, Frontpagemag, September 8, 2006.
15. Like the Dead...Crushing of dissidents in Iran, Human Rights Watch, June 2004
16. Golnaz Esfandiar, Iranian activist believes blog caused detention, International Relations and Security Network (ISN), January 12, 2007
17. Kurdish Issue in Turkey Unresolved, February 11, 2005.
18. p10. January, 2005.
19. Bent Endresen, Kurd leader Abdullah Öcalan probably poisened in prison, March 29, 2007.
20. Jan Thorn-Prikker, Gregor Schneider: When Violence Takes the Form of a Room, January, 2007.
21. ARTSGATE, News, March 17, 2007.
'White torture' is a type of psychological torture[1], Canadian Centre for Victims of Torture (CCVT), 2004 that includes extreme sensory deprivation and isolation.[2][3] Carrying out this type of torture makes the detainee lose personal identity and decrease human production through long terms of isolation.[4][5]
| Contents |
| Iran |
| Turkey |
| Trivia |
| References |
Iran
In Iran, white torture is referred to as ''Shekanjeh-e Sefid'' (Persian: شكنجه سفيد, lit. ''In the grasp of the whiteness''),[6] and it is currently practiced on political prisoners.[7] Many of political prisoners who experience this type of torture are journalists[8] held in the Evin prison.[9] According to Hadi Ghaemi, taking out such tortures in Evin are not necessarily authorized directly by the Iranian government.[10]
It can include prolonged periods of solitary confinement, often in detention centres outside the control of the prison authorities, including Section 209 of Evin Prison.
In an Amnesty International report in 2004 there were documented evidence of "white torture" on Amir Abbas Fakhravar, by the revolutionary guards. According to the report, which called his case the first known example of white torture in Iran Sarah Baxter. Fugitive pleads with US to 'liberate' Iran, ''The Sunday Times'', May 21, 2006. Retrieved on March 10, 2007. claimed that "''his cells had no windows, and the walls and his clothes were white. His meals consisted of white rice on white plates. To use the toilet, he had to put a white piece of paper under the door. He was forbidden to speak, and the guards reportedly wore shoes that muffled sound''.[11][12][13] Upon his arrival in the US, Fakhravar confirmed this report in an interview with Christian Broadcasting Network.[14]
On a telephone call to the Human Rights Watch in 2004, Ebrahim Nabavi the well known Iranian journalist, regarding why this type of torture is referred to as White torture has claimed that:
''Since I left Evin, I have not been able to sleep without sleeping pills. It is terrible. 'The loneliness never leaves you, long after you are “free.” Every door that is closed on you..This is why we call it “white torture.”' They get what they want without having to hit you. They know enough about you to control the information that you get: they can make you believe that the president has resigned, that they have your wife, that someone you trust has told them lies about you. You begin to break. And once you break, they have control. And then you begin to confess''[15]
Kianush Sanjari, an Iranian blogger and activist who had allegedly experienced this type of torture in 2006 claimed that:
"''I feel that solitary confinement - which wages war on the soul and mind of a person - can be the most inhuman form of white torture for people like me, who are arrested solely for [defending] citizens' rights. I only hope the day comes when no one is put in solitary confinement [to punish them] for the peaceful expression of his ideas.''"[16]
Turkey
There are concerns that the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) leader Abdullah Öcalan is under white torture.[17][18] Since his arrest, he has been under solitary confinement at the maximum-security prison island İmralı.[19]
Trivia
★ German artist Gregor Schneider based his room design of "''Weiße Folter''" (lit. German for White torture) on this idea[20][21]
References
1. Ruxandra Cesereanu, , Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies (JSRI), Summer 2006.
2. Helping to break the Silence: Urgent Actions on Iran, Amnesty International, April 1, 2004.
3. Lionel Beehner, Iran's Waning Human Rights, Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), August 9, 2006.
4. Call for Action Against Isolation and Torture, TML Daily, December 12, 2003.
5. David Morgan, Violations of human...rights of the Kurds in Turkey, Kurdish Media, March 22, 2005.
6. Chronology of Events in Iran (February 2004), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), February, 2004.
7. Karl Vick, Report Cites 'Climate of Fear' in Iran, The Washington Post, June 7, 2004.
8. UN human rights commission urged to sanction Iran, Reporters Without Borders, March 15, 2005.
9. Amnesty International, Iran:... Kianoosh Sanjari, January 10,2007.
10. Doug Saunders, Few know who is held behind the tiled walls of Tehran's Evin prison, February 19, 2007
11. United States Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - Iran in 2006, March 6, 2007.
12. Cathy McCann [1], NEAR International, March 17, 2004.
13. Eli Lake, Iranian Dissident to Seek Support For Opposition, The New York Sun, May 9, 2006.
14. Kenneth R. Timmerman, Sins of Omission, Sins of Commission, Frontpagemag, September 8, 2006.
15. Like the Dead...Crushing of dissidents in Iran, Human Rights Watch, June 2004
16. Golnaz Esfandiar, Iranian activist believes blog caused detention, International Relations and Security Network (ISN), January 12, 2007
17. Kurdish Issue in Turkey Unresolved, February 11, 2005.
18. p10. January, 2005.
19. Bent Endresen, Kurd leader Abdullah Öcalan probably poisened in prison, March 29, 2007.
20. Jan Thorn-Prikker, Gregor Schneider: When Violence Takes the Form of a Room, January, 2007.
21. ARTSGATE, News, March 17, 2007.
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