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(Redirected from White racism)
'White supremacy' is an ideology based on the assertion that white people are superior to other races. The term is sometimes used specifically to describe a political ideology that advocates social and political dominance for whites.
White supremacy, as with supremacism in general, is rooted in ethnocentrism and a desire for hegemony. It contains varying degrees of racism and xenophobia. White supremacy is often associated with ethnic cleansing and racial separation. White supremacy has often resulted in anti-black racism and anti-Semitism, although it has also involved prejudice and discrimination against a wide variety of "non-white" groups, including Arabs and the various Asian peoples.
Different forms of white supremacy have different definitions of 'white', and not all white supremacist organizations agree on which group is the greatest enemy. White supremacists frequently consider Jews to be the gravest threat to their cause, and accuse them of manipulating other minority groups for their own gain.
Politically, socially and economically, white supremacy was dominant in the United States before the American Civil War and for decades after Reconstruction. The same is true of Apartheid-era South Africa and of parts of Europe at various time periods; most notably under Nazi Germany's so-called Third Reich. The extent and nature of white supremacy's continuing influence in western culture is a subject of ongoing debate. In some parts of the United States, many people who were considered non-white were disenfranchised, barred from government office, and prevented from holding most government jobs — well into the second half of the twentieth century. White leaders often viewed Native Americans (known as First Nations in Canada) and Australian Aborigines as obstacles to economic and political progress, rather than as settlers in their own right. Many European-settled countries bordering the Pacific Ocean limited immigration and naturalization from the Asian Pacific countries, usually on a cultural basis. Many U.S. states banned interracial marriage through so-called "anti-miscegenation laws" until 1967, when these laws were declared unconstitutional. South Africa maintained the white supremacist Apartheid system until the early 1990s.
There is considerable disagreement between different types of white supremacists about which people should be classified as white, and about which people they are supposedly superior to.
Those who follow the ideology of ''Nordicism'' and ''Germanicism'' only consider Northern European people who are Nordic or Germanic (and often Celtic) to be white, shunning Southern and Eastern Europe along with anyone whose ethnic heritage is not European. In Madison Grant's 1916 book, ''The Passing of the Great Race'', Europeans who were not of Germanic origin and had Nordic characteristics such as blonde hair and light eyes were considered to be a Nordic admixture and suitable for Aryanization. [1] .
''Pan Europeanism'' accepts all native and original European peoples, ranging from fair-skinned Swedes, Britons and Germans to darker complexioned Italians, Spaniards, Portuguese, and Greeks.
Another variant, ''Pan Aryanism'', accepts native Europeans from all of continental Europe and extends its acceptance to non-European Caucasoids, such as some Middle Easterners, North Africans, and Central/West Asians. Yet this is usually on an individual basis and not all people from these regions are accepted by Pan-Aryanists as white. With regard to the acceptance of Middle Easterners in Pan-Aryanist ideology, Syrians, Lebanese, Turks (who are often considered European), and Persians are accepted as white, but Saudis and Yemenites ''as a whole'' are not.
South Asian Caucasoids (Pakistanis, Northern Indians etc) ''as a whole'' may generally not be accepted in this ideology as well, however some Pan-Aryanists acknowledge and have disputing beliefs on lighter skinned people descended from Aryans in this region. An example is a textbook for those taking entrance examinations for the British Civil Service in the early 1900s categorically stated that Afghans and Berbers were in the highest classification, along with Northern Europeans, but above the Spanish and Italians ''Geography of the World''. Civil Service Book Depot, 1904..
The Christian Identity movement, which regards other branches of Christianity as heretical, is closely tied to white supremacy. The Ku Klux Klan's reasons for supporting racial segregation are not primarily based on religious ideals, although some Klan groups are openly Christian Identity or Protestant, although some branches now accept Roman Catholic members.
Some white supremacists identify themselves as Odinists, although most Odinists reject white supremacy, and white supremacists make up only a small fraction of those who support Odinism. Odinists believe in the old Norse gods and do not believe in the divinity of Jesus. The white supremacist version of Odinism claims that the universe is composed of "worlds of light" (white people) and "worlds of dark" (non-white people). Some white supremacist groups, such as the South African Boeremag, conflate elements of Christianity and Odinism.
The World Church of the Creator, now called the Creativity Movement, believed that a person's race is his religion. Aside from this central belief, its ideology is similar to many Christian Identity groups, in the conviction that there is a Jewish conspiracy in control of the federal government, international banking, and the media. They claim that a Racial Holy War (''RAHOWA,''), is destined to happen, which would eliminate Jews and "mud races" from the planet. In the early 1990s, there was a dramatic increase in membership, due to the growing belief in the apocalypse. A different (non-racist) group called Church of the Creator legally trademarked the name and won a lawsuit in 1996, leading to the white supremacist group to change its name to the Creativity Movement.[2]
White supremacist groups can be found in most countries and regions with a significant white population, including the North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and parts of Latin America. In all of these locations, their views represent a relatively small minority of the population, and active membership of the groups is quite small. However, a backlash to the influx of non-white immigrants into various European nations has spurred a rise in membership in such organizations, as well as an escalation in white supremacist demonstrations and hate crimes. The militant approach taken by some white supremacist groups has caused them to be watched closely by law enforcement officials. Some European countries, have laws forbidding hate speech, as well as other laws that ban or restrict white supremacist organizations.
The people listed here are current or recent supporters of white supremacy. (Note that many people in the "White Power" movement regard themselves as racial separatists or racial nationalists and publicly denounce supremacism.)
1. Grant, Madison. ''The Passing of the Great Race''. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1916.
2. http://www.churchofthecreator.org/TM/TMindex.html]
''Alleged or stated white supremacist websites:''
★ Afrikaner Wehrstandsbewegung
★ Solar General
★ Majority Rights
★ BNP
★ Imperium Europa
★ Stormfront
★ National Vanguard
★ National Alliance
★ Vanguard News Network
★ Pan-Aryan National Front
★ Aryan Nations
★ The Insurgent
'White supremacy' is an ideology based on the assertion that white people are superior to other races. The term is sometimes used specifically to describe a political ideology that advocates social and political dominance for whites.
White supremacy, as with supremacism in general, is rooted in ethnocentrism and a desire for hegemony. It contains varying degrees of racism and xenophobia. White supremacy is often associated with ethnic cleansing and racial separation. White supremacy has often resulted in anti-black racism and anti-Semitism, although it has also involved prejudice and discrimination against a wide variety of "non-white" groups, including Arabs and the various Asian peoples.
Different forms of white supremacy have different definitions of 'white', and not all white supremacist organizations agree on which group is the greatest enemy. White supremacists frequently consider Jews to be the gravest threat to their cause, and accuse them of manipulating other minority groups for their own gain.
History
Politically, socially and economically, white supremacy was dominant in the United States before the American Civil War and for decades after Reconstruction. The same is true of Apartheid-era South Africa and of parts of Europe at various time periods; most notably under Nazi Germany's so-called Third Reich. The extent and nature of white supremacy's continuing influence in western culture is a subject of ongoing debate. In some parts of the United States, many people who were considered non-white were disenfranchised, barred from government office, and prevented from holding most government jobs — well into the second half of the twentieth century. White leaders often viewed Native Americans (known as First Nations in Canada) and Australian Aborigines as obstacles to economic and political progress, rather than as settlers in their own right. Many European-settled countries bordering the Pacific Ocean limited immigration and naturalization from the Asian Pacific countries, usually on a cultural basis. Many U.S. states banned interracial marriage through so-called "anti-miscegenation laws" until 1967, when these laws were declared unconstitutional. South Africa maintained the white supremacist Apartheid system until the early 1990s.
Specific white supremacist ideologies
There is considerable disagreement between different types of white supremacists about which people should be classified as white, and about which people they are supposedly superior to.
Nordicism
Those who follow the ideology of ''Nordicism'' and ''Germanicism'' only consider Northern European people who are Nordic or Germanic (and often Celtic) to be white, shunning Southern and Eastern Europe along with anyone whose ethnic heritage is not European. In Madison Grant's 1916 book, ''The Passing of the Great Race'', Europeans who were not of Germanic origin and had Nordic characteristics such as blonde hair and light eyes were considered to be a Nordic admixture and suitable for Aryanization. [1] .
Pan Europeanism
''Pan Europeanism'' accepts all native and original European peoples, ranging from fair-skinned Swedes, Britons and Germans to darker complexioned Italians, Spaniards, Portuguese, and Greeks.
Pan Aryanism
Another variant, ''Pan Aryanism'', accepts native Europeans from all of continental Europe and extends its acceptance to non-European Caucasoids, such as some Middle Easterners, North Africans, and Central/West Asians. Yet this is usually on an individual basis and not all people from these regions are accepted by Pan-Aryanists as white. With regard to the acceptance of Middle Easterners in Pan-Aryanist ideology, Syrians, Lebanese, Turks (who are often considered European), and Persians are accepted as white, but Saudis and Yemenites ''as a whole'' are not.
South Asian Caucasoids (Pakistanis, Northern Indians etc) ''as a whole'' may generally not be accepted in this ideology as well, however some Pan-Aryanists acknowledge and have disputing beliefs on lighter skinned people descended from Aryans in this region. An example is a textbook for those taking entrance examinations for the British Civil Service in the early 1900s categorically stated that Afghans and Berbers were in the highest classification, along with Northern Europeans, but above the Spanish and Italians ''Geography of the World''. Civil Service Book Depot, 1904..
Religious movements
The Christian Identity movement, which regards other branches of Christianity as heretical, is closely tied to white supremacy. The Ku Klux Klan's reasons for supporting racial segregation are not primarily based on religious ideals, although some Klan groups are openly Christian Identity or Protestant, although some branches now accept Roman Catholic members.
Some white supremacists identify themselves as Odinists, although most Odinists reject white supremacy, and white supremacists make up only a small fraction of those who support Odinism. Odinists believe in the old Norse gods and do not believe in the divinity of Jesus. The white supremacist version of Odinism claims that the universe is composed of "worlds of light" (white people) and "worlds of dark" (non-white people). Some white supremacist groups, such as the South African Boeremag, conflate elements of Christianity and Odinism.
The World Church of the Creator, now called the Creativity Movement, believed that a person's race is his religion. Aside from this central belief, its ideology is similar to many Christian Identity groups, in the conviction that there is a Jewish conspiracy in control of the federal government, international banking, and the media. They claim that a Racial Holy War (''RAHOWA,''), is destined to happen, which would eliminate Jews and "mud races" from the planet. In the early 1990s, there was a dramatic increase in membership, due to the growing belief in the apocalypse. A different (non-racist) group called Church of the Creator legally trademarked the name and won a lawsuit in 1996, leading to the white supremacist group to change its name to the Creativity Movement.[2]
Contemporary white supremacist groups
White supremacist groups can be found in most countries and regions with a significant white population, including the North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and parts of Latin America. In all of these locations, their views represent a relatively small minority of the population, and active membership of the groups is quite small. However, a backlash to the influx of non-white immigrants into various European nations has spurred a rise in membership in such organizations, as well as an escalation in white supremacist demonstrations and hate crimes. The militant approach taken by some white supremacist groups has caused them to be watched closely by law enforcement officials. Some European countries, have laws forbidding hate speech, as well as other laws that ban or restrict white supremacist organizations.
List of white supremacists
The people listed here are current or recent supporters of white supremacy. (Note that many people in the "White Power" movement regard themselves as racial separatists or racial nationalists and publicly denounce supremacism.)
See also
Footnotes
1. Grant, Madison. ''The Passing of the Great Race''. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1916.
2. http://www.churchofthecreator.org/TM/TMindex.html]
External links
''Alleged or stated white supremacist websites:''
★ Afrikaner Wehrstandsbewegung
★ Solar General
★ Majority Rights
★ BNP
★ Imperium Europa
★ Stormfront
★ National Vanguard
★ National Alliance
★ Vanguard News Network
★ Pan-Aryan National Front
★ Aryan Nations
★ The Insurgent
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