WILLIAM HENRY FRY

''For the woodcarver and gilder, see William H. Fry.''
'William Henry Fry' (August 10, 1813–1864) was an American composer, critic, and journalist, and was the first American to compose a publicly performed grand opera. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and eventually became secretary of the Musical Fund Society. His father, William Fry, was a prominent printer and, along with Roberts Vaux and Robert Walsh, ran the ''National Gazette and Literary Register'', a major American newspaper at the time. William Henry had four brothers--Joseph Reese, Edward Plunket, Charles, and Horace--and was educated at what is now Mt. St. Mary's University in Emmitsburg, Maryland. After returning to Philadelphia to work for his father, he studied composition with Leopold Meignen, a former band leader in Napoleon Bonaparte's army and the music director of the Musical Fund Society orchestra.
Fry's operatic compositions include ''Aurelia the Vestal'', ''Leonora'', and ''Notre-Dame of Paris''. ''Leonora'' was a very successful production at its premiere in 1845 and second run the following year. ''Leonora'' is also significant as it was the first grand opera written by an American composer.
After a six-year sojourn to Europe (1846–52), where he served as foreign correspondent to the ''Philadelphia Public Ledger'', Horace Greeley's ''New York Tribune'', and ''The Message Bird'' (later known as the ''New York Musical World and Times''), Fry gave a series of eleven widely publicized lectures in New York's Metropolitan Hall. These dealt with subjects such as the history and theory of music as well as the state of American classical music.
In addition to his operas, Fry wrote seven symphonies that have extra-musical themes. His 1854 ''Niagara Symphony'', written for Louis Jullien's orchestra, uses eleven tympani to create the roar of the waters, snare drums to reproduce the hiss of the spray, and a remarkable series of discordant chromatic descending scales to reproduce the chaos of the falling waters as they crash onto the rocks. His ''Santa Claus: Christmas Symphony'' of 1853, which was very well received by audiences but derided by many of Fry's rival critics, may be the first orchestral use of the saxophone, invented barely a decade before. Fry's other works, including ''Leonora'' (New York debut in 1858) and ''Notre-Dame of Paris'' (1864, Philadelphia), received mixed reviews along partisan lines: conservatives tended to dislike Fry's music, whereas political progressives highly enjoyed it. From 1852 until his death in 1864, Fry served as music critic and political editor for the ''New York Tribune''. His other works include string quartets and sacred choral music. Fry died December 21, 1864, in Santa Cruz, West Indies.

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External links

★ Encyclopedia of World Biography on William Henry Fry