WIRED (MAGAZINE)

'''Wired''' is a full-color monthly American magazine and on-line periodical published in San Francisco, California since March 1993. Owned by Condé Nast Publications, it reports on how technology affects culture, the economy, and politics.
''Wired's editorial stance was originally inspired by the ideas of Canadian media theorist Marshall McLuhan, credited as the magazine's "patron saint" in early colophons. ''Wired'' has both been admired and disliked for its strong libertarian principles, its enthusiastic embrace of techno-utopianism, and its sometimes experimental layout with its bold use of fluorescent and metallic inks.
From 1998 to 2006, the magazine and ''Wired News'', which publishes at Wired.com, had separate owners. Throughout that time, however, ''Wired News'' remained responsible for reprinting ''Wired'' magazine's content online due to a business agreement made when Condé Nast purchased the magazine, but not the website. In July 2006, Condé Nast announced an agreement to buy ''Wired News'' for $25 million, reuniting the magazine with its website.

Contents

History

The backlash

After the dot-com crash

The new era

Note

References

External links

Wired UK

History

The magazine was founded by American journalist Louis Rossetto and his partner Jane Metcalfe in 1993 with initial backing from software entrepreneur Charlie Jackson and industry pundit Nicholas Negroponte of the MIT Media Lab, who was a regular columnist for six years, through 1998. The founding designers were John Plunkett and Barbara Kuhr (Plunkett+Kuhr), beginning with a 1991 prototype and continuing through the first five years of publication, 1993-98.
''Wired'' was a great success at its launch and was lauded for its vision, originality, innovation and cultural impact. In its first four years, the magazine won two National Magazine Awards for General Excellence and one for Design.

At inception ''Wired'' was also often compared to a predecessor, the magazine ''Mondo 2000''. They both shared a creative use of design, and a cyberculture subject matter. Early issues of ''Wired'' showed a clear influence of ''Mondo 2000'', but over time the two magazines diverged as ''Wired'' developed its own, more business-oriented identity. ''Mondo 2000'' retained its more subversive interpretation of cyberculture, while ''Wired'' shifted emphasis in an increasingly mainstream direction. ''Wired'' also toned down the extremities of design that made it difficult to read. The founding executive editor of ''Wired'', Kevin Kelly, was formerly one of the editors of the ''Whole Earth Catalog'' and the ''Whole Earth Review'', and he brought with him many contributing writers from those publications. Six authors of the first issue, ''Wired 1.01'' had written for ''Whole Earth Review'', most notably Bruce Sterling and Stewart Brand. Other contributors to ''Whole Earth'' appeared in ''Wired'', including William Gibson, who was featured on ''Wired's cover in its first year.
Despite the fact that Kelly was involved in launching the WELL, an early source of public access to the Internet and even earlier non-Internet online experience, ''Wired's first issue (1.01) de-emphasized the Internet, and primarily talked about interactive games, cell-phone hacking, digital special effects, military simulations, and Japanese otaku. However, the first issue contained some references to the internet, including online-dating and internet sex, and a tutorial on installing a "bozo filter." The last page, a column written by Nicholas Negroponte, was written in the style of an e-mail message, but contained obviously fake, non-standard e-mail addresses. By the third issue in the fall of 1993 the 'Net Surf' column began listing interesting FTP sites, news groups, and email addresses, at a time when the numbers of these things were small and this information was still extremely novel to the public. ''Wired'' was among the first magazines to list the email address of its authors and contributors.
The magazine was quickly followed by a companion website HotWired, a book publishing division HardWired, a Japanese edition, and a short-lived British edition, ''Wired UK''. In 1994, John Battelle, co-founding editor, commissioned Jules Marshall to write a piece on the Zippies. The cover story broke records for being one of the most publicised stories of the year and was used to promote Wired's HotWired news service.^[1]
HotWired itself spawned dozens of websites including Webmonkey, the search engine Hotbot, and a weblog, Suck.com. In June 1998, the magazine even launched its own stock index, ''The Wired Index'', since July 2003 called ''The Wired 40''.
The fortune of the magazine and allied enterprises corresponded closely to that of the dot-com bubble. In 1996, Rossetto and the other participants in Wired Ventures attempted to take the company public with an IPO. The initial attempt had to be withdrawn in the face of a downturn in the stock market, and especially the internet sector, during the summer of 1996. The second try was also unsuccessful.
Rossetto and Metcalfe lost control of Wired Ventures to financial investors Providence Equity in May 1998, who quickly sold off the company in pieces. ''Wired'' was purchased by Advance Publications, who assigned it to Advance's subsidiary, New York-based publisher Condé Nast Publications (while keeping ''Wired's editorial offices in San Francisco).

The backlash

Some early adopters were turned off by ''Wired's later style and content. Its "McLuhanesque" design, by embedding the message into the medium of presentation, made actually reading articles a chore for some readers. Advertising pressure took space away from longer articles. Wired's journalism began to overemphasize consumption at the expense of hacker production and attempted to make "being a geek" fashionable.
Because ''Wired'' had rapidly become financially attractive to investors, its content after 1995 showed an increasing ambivalence about its target demographic. As opposed to the hobbyist magazines of the 1970s, ''Wired'' seemed to imply that there were right and wrong ways to be a geek and that "being digital" could be reduced to owning rather than making artifacts.
Hotwired was also criticised as simply ''fin de millénaire'' pretension, and statements like "HotWired is live, twitching, the real-time nervous system of the planet" and claims that the two ''Wired's are not "cold, marketing concepts" but "the heartfelt expression of the passion of [their] creators" were taken to task by bloggers.

After the dot-com crash

During the dot-com boom, ''Wired'' had to compete with the multitude of technology reporting and sources available on the Internet, including ''The Industry Standard'', ''Business 2.0'' and the ''Red Herring''. With the crash of the dot-com boom, however, ''Wired'' outlasted its competition, and found a new direction under Editor-in-Chief Chris Anderson, who took on the job in June 2001.

The new era

Under Anderson, ''Wired'' has produced some agenda-setting articles, including the April 2003 "Welcome to the Hydrogen Economy" story, the November 2003 "Open Source Everywhere" issue (which put Linus Torvalds on the cover and articulated the idea that the open-source method was taking off outside of software, including encyclopedias as evidenced by Wikipedia), the February 2004 "Kiss Your Cubicle Goodbye" issue (which presented the outsourcing issue from both American and Indian perspectives), and an October 2004 article by Chris Anderson, which coined the popular term Long Tail.
The November 2004 issue of ''Wired'' was published with ''The Wired CD''. All of the songs on the CD were released under various Creative Commons licenses, an attempt to push alternative copyright into the spotlight. Most of the songs were contributed by major artists, including the Beastie Boys, My Morning Jacket, Paul Westerberg, David Byrne, and Le Tigre.
In 2005 the magazine won the National Magazine Award for General Excellence in the category of 500,000 to 1,000,000 subscribers.^[2] That same year Anderson won Advertising Age's editor of the year award.
In 2006, writer Jeff Howe and editor Mark Robinson coined the term Crowdsourcing in the June issue.
In May 2007, the magazine again won the National Magazine Award for General Excellence, firmly establishing it as among the best magazines in the country [1].
Recent promotional events by the magazine include 2005's Wired NextFest presented by General Electric at Navy Pier in Chicago and the Wired Store in SoHo, NY. The 2006 NextFest was held in the Jacob Javits Center. The 2007 NextFest is planned for September 13-16, 2007 in Los Angeles.
Over the years, ''Wired's writers have included John Perry Barlow, Paul Boutin, Stewart Brand, Gareth Branwyn, Po Bronson, Douglas Coupland, James Daly, Joshua Davis, J. Bradford DeLong, David Diamond, Patrick Di Justo, Cory Doctorow, Esther Dyson, Mark Frauenfelder, Simson Garfinkel, William Gibson, John Browning, George Gilder, Steven Johnson, Bill Joy, Leander Kahney, Richard Kadrey, Jaron Lanier, Lawrence Lessig, Paul Levinson, Steven Levy, Wil McCarthy, Charles Platt, Spencer Reiss, Howard Rheingold, Rudy Rucker, Paul Saffo, Peter Schwartz, Neal Stephenson, Bruce Sterling, Andrew Cavellaro and Gary Wolf.

Note

1. ''Wired'', July 1994, page 133
2. Edge: Chris Anderson

References

★ Wired: A Romance, , Gary, Wolf, Random House, 2003, ISBN 0-375-50290-4

External links

★ ''Wired News'' (owned by Condé Nast Publications)

★ ''Wired Netvibes Universe''

★ Back Catalog Article Listing/Rating

★ NextFest

★ The 'Future of Green' at WIRED NextFest

★ ''Wired Science'' TV show on PBS

Wired UK

★ "Wired UK: what nearly happened", an article on the rise and fall of ''Wired UK''

★ The short-lived ''Wired UK''

★ List of ''Wired UK'' employees

★ ''Wired UK'' archive - reproduces some of the articles that appeared in the magazine.

★ The Long Tail - blog of ''Wired'' editor-in-chief, Chris Anderson, revolving around the themes of his book ''The Long Tail''