Dvaravati dance, by thai diana/ toronto thai dancer

WITH the historical description by Kenneth T So in "The Khmer home in Southeast Asia: A Wider View", (Post August 6-19, 1999). I do not think that Mr So is obsessed about the Khmer past, as C Rabour has alleged. Rather, Mr So was provoked by Don Pramudwinai who has asserted that Battambang and Siem Reap were historically part of Thailand or Siam. Battambang, Siem Reap and Srei Sophorn, (later Serei Sophom, or Sisophon as the Thai pronunciation of it) never belonged to Siam (known as Thailand since 1939). Those regions have always belonged to Cambodia, but have been attacked and at certain times in history, annexed by Thailand. Most recently, these regions were invaded and taken by Siam/Thailand in 1795 and 1941. They remained under Thai control until 1946. The first Siamese invasion and looting of Angkor was in about 1352 and again in the 1430s. Ayuthaya, the Siamese capital, itself was built on top of the demise of Sri Dvaravati, former kingdom of the Mons. The provinces taken from the Khmers in 1795 were Battambang, Siem Reap/Angkor, Bongkol-Borei, Srei Sophorn, Siem Pang. In 1814 more provinces were annexed by Siam, namely Mlou Prei, Tole Peou, and Stung Treng. Only in 1907 were most of these provinces returned to Cambodia. However, other Khmer borei, now called provinces or khet, such as Norkor Reachborie (Korat), Boreirom (Buriram), Sorint (Surin), Korkhan, Sisaket, Bascemborie (Prachinburi), Chantaborie (Chantaburi), Champasak and Trat annexed before 1790, have remained under Thai occupation till today. Under the French-Thai treaty executed in 1907, the Thais were required to return to Cambodia only those provinces taken by the Thais after 1790. For this, Thais should thank the Anglo-French conflict, because Thailand was not part of French Indochina but was an ally of the English. History from the Thai point of view, especially relating to the Angkorian legacy, was cultivated by King Mongkut and later his son, Prince Damrong Rajanubhab, the "father of Thai modern history" and the architect of the Thai modern state. It has been reinforced by people like Luang Vichitr Vadhakarn, the director of Department of Fine Arts in 1932 and his successor Dhanit Yupho in the 1960s when the Thais were engaged in nationalist and prejudicial policies toward their neighbors, especially the Khmers. History as told by the leaders of Thailand has been an attempt to reinforce Thai nationalism and to clarify the confused national identity of the Thai people. Confused because the Yunan Thais, the Vietnamese and the Chinese have, to use David Chandler's phrase, an identity crisis. The Chinese are not worried but the other two are. The Thais began their identity crisis during the 1908-1910 riots when Chinese residents refused to pay Thai taxes. The Vietnamese crisis started when they split from Qin or China. One way to try to distinguish themselves from Chinese, Vietnamese women dyed their teeth black, a very painful process. After the Siamese victory, with Khmer military assistance, in the long and destructive wars with Burma (1548-1592, 1760-1767); and the founding of the current Chakkri dynasty in 1782 (the current King is the ninth King of the dynasty) the Siamese began to attack the traditional boundaries of Cambodia. In the 1850s, King Mongkut hired a Welsh governess, Anna Leonowens, to educate his children. As a result of this different education, lifestyle and Western way of thinking, successive Thai kings began to view Khmer traditions and lifestyle as outdated. The Chakkri kings began to view the Khmers to be Khmamen padong or "the jungle Khmers", hence the uncivilized Khmers. The term "contemptible Khmamen" lives on today. This prejudice was so strong that many of the successive Thai generations did not want to have any thing to do with the Khmer people, which has led to the propagation in Thailand of a uniquely Thai version of history relating to the Khmers. History as taught to Thai children has encouraged a terrible prejudicial stereotyping of Khmers which continues, in my experience, to this day. Another reason for the manipulation of history by the Thais came from the amazing evidence of Khmer civilization which, according to historians, was well advanced by the time Christianity came into existence. This civilization encompassed the lands taken by Thailand from Cambodia - the architecture, court etiquette, culture and traditional religion and language. (The Pali language, used in Khmer scripts, was used by the Siamese until the 19th century.) The Thais have adopted or appropriated much of the great Khmer legacy as their own and due to their view of Khmers as uncivilized, refuse to link their "history" with Cambodian history......

Pra Sat Khao Phra Wihan of Siam and Thailand see ประวัตปราสาทเขพระวิหาร สุวรรณภูมิ เดินตามหาปราสาทเขาพระวิหารของไทย Hitory of Siam ,มีมานานก่อนประวัติศาตรไทยและก่อนในยุคเริ่มต้น รัฐบาลไทยประท้วง คำตัดสินของศาลโลก http://www.manager.co.th/Politics/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9510000072311 Please read Before you watch the VDO The Facts of Thailand history as follows: - The earliest mention of the Thai, as a nation in south China call NAN-JOA (Nanzhao or Nanman), comes from Chinese records dating back to the sixth century BCE. These early Thai emanated out of the Yunnan region and dispersed into the general area of what is today Thailand. - The known early history of Thailand begins with the earliest major archaeological site at Ban Chiang that at least by 3600 BC. Meanwhile, Malay, Mon, and Khmer civilizations flourished in the region prior to the domination of the Thais, most notably the kingdom of Srivijaya in the south, the Dvaravati kingdom in central Thailand and the Khmer empire based at Angkor. Sukhothai Kingdom (1238-1448): - Chiang Saen was established in the early 700s and Mueang Sua (Luang Prabang) around AD 728 making them the first kingdoms established by the Tai-speaking people in southeast Asia, prior to the migration and expansion of the Tai-speaking people into northern Thailand, Laos, and eventually into central Thailand and central Laos. - The city of Sukhotai was part of the Khmer empire until 1238, when two Tai chieftains, Pho Khun Pha Muang and Pho Khun Bang Klang Hao, declared their independence and established Sukhotai Kingdom (1238-1448) as known the Thai-ruled kingdom. To form the Thai Kingdom, Thai annexed some parts of prior regions until Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782), which shown by Franco-Siamese records and others. - Most of the lands in the presentation did not belong to Thai kingdom at the beginning of Sukhotai Kingdom (1238-1448). However, in 1792 the Siamese occupied Luang Prabang and brought most of Laos under indirect Siamese rule. Cambodia was also effectively ruled by Siam. By the time of Rama I was death in 1809 he had created a Siamese Empire dominating an area considerably larger than modern Thailand. This presentation is about history of the lands that Thailand has lost since Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782-1932). The original file was Thai version, I translated the data and did some research. If you find some errors, please email me in details as diplomats. I appreciate every comment and ready to revise the presentation. I did not mean to offense anyone, and feel bad if people criticize or rude to others. If I offense somebody, please accept my apology. The map might be wrong for measurements and positions. References as following: www.wikipedia.org http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_hi... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhotha... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos#His... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlis#H... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar#... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco-S...

ปราสาทเขาพระวิหาร มีตำนานอันยาวนานของประเทศสยามและประเทศไทย Pra Sat Khao Phra Wihan,ThailandPra Sat Khao Phra Wihan of Siam and Thailand see ประวัตปราสาทเขพระวิหาร สุวรรณภูมิ เดินตามหาปราสาทเขาพระวิหารของไทย Hitory of Siam ,มีมานานก่อนประวัติศาตรไทยและก่อนในยุคเริ่มต้น รัฐบาลไทยประท้วง คำตัดสินของศาลโลก http://www.manager.co.th/Politics/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9510000072311 Please read Before you watch the VDO The Facts of Thailand history as follows: - The earliest mention of the Thai, as a nation in south China call NAN-JOA (Nanzhao or Nanman), comes from Chinese records dating back to the sixth century BCE. These early Thai emanated out of the Yunnan region and dispersed into the general area of what is today Thailand. - The known early history of Thailand begins with the earliest major archaeological site at Ban Chiang that at least by 3600 BC. Meanwhile, Malay, Mon, and Khmer civilizations flourished in the region prior to the domination of the Thais, most notably the kingdom of Srivijaya in the south, the Dvaravati kingdom in central Thailand and the Khmer empire based at Angkor. Sukhothai Kingdom (1238-1448): - Chiang Saen was established in the early 700s and Mueang Sua (Luang Prabang) around AD 728 making them the first kingdoms established by the Tai-speaking people in southeast Asia, prior to the migration and expansion of the Tai-speaking people into northern Thailand, Laos, and eventually into central Thailand and central Laos. - The city of Sukhotai was part of the Khmer empire until 1238, when two Tai chieftains, Pho Khun Pha Muang and Pho Khun Bang Klang Hao, declared their independence and established Sukhotai Kingdom (1238-1448) as known the Thai-ruled kingdom. To form the Thai Kingdom, Thai annexed some parts of prior regions until Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782), which shown by Franco-Siamese records and others. - Most of the lands in the presentation did not belong to Thai kingdom at the beginning of Sukhotai Kingdom (1238-1448). However, in 1792 the Siamese occupied Luang Prabang and brought most of Laos under indirect Siamese rule. Cambodia was also effectively ruled by Siam. By the time of Rama I was death in 1809 he had created a Siamese Empire dominating an area considerably larger than modern Thailand. This presentation is about history of the lands that Thailand has lost since Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782-1932). The original file was Thai version, I translated the data and did some research. If you find some errors, please email me in details as diplomats. I appreciate every comment and ready to revise the presentation. I did not mean to offense anyone, and feel bad if people criticize or rude to others. If I offense somebody, please accept my apology. The map might be wrong for measurements and positions. References as following: www.wikipedia.org http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_hi... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhotha... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos#His... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlis#H... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar#... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco-S...

PLEASE READ BEFORE YOU WATCH THE VDO. The Facts of Thailand history as follows: - The earliest mention of the Thai, as a nation in south China call NAN-JOA (Nanzhao or Nanman), comes from Chinese records dating back to the sixth century BCE. These early Thai emanated out of the Yunnan region and dispersed into the general area of what is today Thailand. - The known early history of Thailand begins with the earliest major archaeological site at Ban Chiang that at least by 3600 BC. Meanwhile, Malay, Mon, and Khmer civilizations flourished in the region prior to the domination of the Thais, most notably the kingdom of Srivijaya in the south, the Dvaravati kingdom in central Thailand and the Khmer empire based at Angkor. Sukhothai Kingdom (1238-1448): - Chiang Saen was established in the early 700s and Mueang Sua (Luang Prabang) around AD 728 making them the first kingdoms established by the Tai-speaking people in southeast Asia, prior to the migration and expansion of the Tai-speaking people into northern Thailand, Laos, and eventually into central Thailand and central Laos. - The city of Sukhotai was part of the Khmer empire until 1238, when two Tai chieftains, Pho Khun Pha Muang and Pho Khun Bang Klang Hao, declared their independence and established Sukhotai Kingdom (1238-1448) as known the Thai-ruled kingdom. To form the Thai Kingdom, Thai annexed some parts of prior regions until Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782), which shown by Franco-Siamese records and others. - Most of the lands in the presentation did not belong to Thai kingdom at the beginning of Sukhotai Kingdom (1238-1448). However, in 1792 the Siamese occupied Luang Prabang and brought most of Laos under indirect Siamese rule. Cambodia was also effectively ruled by Siam. By the time of Rama I was death in 1809 he had created a Siamese Empire dominating an area considerably larger than modern Thailand. This presentation is about history of the lands that Thailand has lost since Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782-1932). The original file was Thai version, I translated the data and did some research. If you find some errors, please email me in details as diplomats. I appreciate every comment and ready to revise the presentation. I did not mean to offense anyone, and feel bad if people criticize or rude to others. If I offense somebody, please accept my apology. The map might be wrong for measurements and positions. References as following: www.wikipedia.org http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_history_of_Thailand http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhothai_Kingdom http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Thailand_%281768%E2%80%931932%29#Rama_I http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Thailand_%281768%E2%80%931932%29#Bangkok_period http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos#History http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia#History http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlis#History http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar#Taungoo_.281531-1752.29 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco-Siamese_War_of_1893

Traditionally, the history of Angkor as we know it from inscriptions and the existing temples begins in the ninth century, when the young king Jayavarman II declared himself the supreme sovereign and established his capital first near present-day Roluos, and a little later in the Kulen Mountains. Up to that point, Khmer history had been that of small independent states occasionally consolidating into larger empires, but never for long. It took a conqueror to establish the beginnings of one of Southeast Asia's most powerful empires. The Angkor region, bordering the Great Lake with its valuable supply of water, fish, and fertile soil, has been settled since neolithic times, as is known from stone tools and ceramics found there, and from the identification of circular habitation sites from aerial photographs. For the whole Khmer country, there is more descriptive evidence from the accounts of the Chinese, who began to trade and explore the commercial opportunities of mainland Southeast Asia in the early centuries of the Christian era. The picture is one of small town-states, moated, fortified and frequently in conflict with each other. The Chinese called the principal country with which they traded Funan; it had a strategic importance in controlling the sea routes around the Mekong delta and the Gulf of Thailand. In particular it controlled the narrow Isthmus of Kra - the neck of the Malay Peninsula -which connected eastern Asia with India. Indeed, it was trade with India that gave the Khmers their primary cultural contacts, and introduced them to Hinduism and Buddhism. Khmer religious beliefs, iconography, art and architecture all stemmed directly from India, and this had a profound influence on the development of its civilization. The 6th century sees the first historical evidence from local inscriptions. At around this time, the Chinese accounts begin to write of a kingdom called 'Chenla' in the interior, but this is a Chinese rather than a Khmer name. In the second half of the century there is a record of a city called Bhavapura, with its king, Bhavavarman I extending his rule from near the present-day site of Kampong Thorn to at least as far as Battambang in the west. He was succeeded by his brother, who ruled as Mahendravarman, who in turn was succeeded by his son, Isanavarman I. These three kings progressively conquered the Khmer part of Funan, while the western part was taken by other peoples, in particular the Mons of the kingdom of Dvaravati to the W of Bangkok, Isnavarman I was responsible for the temple at Sambor Prei Kuk, establishing the first of the pre-Angkorean styles of architecture. Under Isanavarman's son, Bhavavarman II, who took the throne in 628, the empire disintegrated back into small states, and it took until 654 for Jayavarman I, a grandson of Isanavarman I, from one of these princedoms, to reconquer much of the territory. There is evidence that he ruled from Aninditapura, close to Angkor. On his death, the empire again collapsed, and his successors, including his daughter Jayadevi, the only ancient Khmer queen, controlled only the small kingdom of Aninditapura. The country remained this way until the end of the 8th century, when Jayavarman II became king in 790. Jayavarman II's conquests, first of Vyadhapura (SE of Cambodia), then Sambhupura (present-day Sambor), then N as far as Wat Phu, ind finally of Aninditapura, established his power. He settled first at t iariharalaya, an ancient capital in the region of what is now Roluos, Sut then, trying to go further NW, experienced an unknown setback -hich resulted in him relocating to the Kulen Plateau, some 30 km NE of Angkor. Here he pronounced himself 'world emperor' in 802, but it was many years before he was strong enough to move his capital back to Hariharalaya on the shores of the Great Lake, where he died in 835. His son Jayavarman III succeeded him on his death. He seems to nave built the laterite pyramid of Bakong, which his successor, Indravarman I, had clad in sandstone. The date of his death is unknown, but most probably his successor took the throne with Molence. This king remodeled his capital, building in his palace the Preah Ko temple, dedicated in 880 and improving Bakong. He also began the baray of Indratataka, which his son Yasovarman I completed after he came to power in 889. This accession was a bloody one, involving a struggle with the crown prince, his brother, and destruction of the palace. Therefore he decided to move his capital to Angkor.

The city of Lopburi Thailand has a long history, dating back into the Dvaravati period more than 1000 years ago, when it was known as Lavo. When the Khmer empire incorporated it, they destroyed all former buildings, so that the oldest ruins that can now be found in Lopburi are Khmer temples. It later became part of the Thai kingdoms and, during the reign of King Narai the Great of the Ayutthaya kingdom in the middle of the 17th century, Lopburi even served as the second capital, with a second summer palace, King Narai's Palace. The king stayed here for about eight months a year. Today the city is most famous for the hundreds of Crab-Eating Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) that live in the middle of the city, especially around the Khmer temple, Prang Sam Yot, and a Khmer shrine, Sarn Phra Karn. They are fed by the local people, especially during the Monkey Festival in November. Because they are not afraid of humans, they steal whatever food they can find from unwary diners