Dyrrhachium videos

The Battle of Dyrrhachium, fought in the autumn of 1081 between Norman and Byzantine forces is reconstructed using the superb graphical models from Sega's Medieval Total War II. The Battle of Dyrrhachium (near present-day Durrës in Albania) took place on 18 October 1081, between the Byzantine Empire, led by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, and the Normans of Southern Italy under Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria. The battle was fought outside the city of Dyrrhachium (also known as ...

"en.wikipedia.org - by the Venetians. On 18 October, the Normans engaged a Byzantine army under Alexius I Comnenus outside Dyrrhachium. The battle began with the Byzantine right wing routing the Norman left wing, which broke and fled. Varangian mercenaries joined in the pursuit of the fleeing Normans, but became separated from the main force and were massacred. Norman knights in the centre attacked the Byzantine centre and routed it, causing the Byzantines to run away. After this victory ...

"en.wikipedia.org - Venetian navy attacked in a close formation known as "sea harbour" and together with their use of Greek fire "bombs", the Norman line scattered, [18] and the Venetian fleet sailed into Dyrrhachium's harbour. Siege of Dyrrhachium Robert was not discouraged by this naval defeat, and began his siege of Dyrrhachium. In command of the garrison at Dyrrhachium was the experienced general George Palaeologus, sent by Alexius with orders to hold out at all costs while Alexius ...

"en.wikipedia.org - Battle of Dyrrhachium (1081) From Wik ipedia, the free encyclopediaCoordinates: 41.3, 19.5 The Battle of Dyrrhachium (near present-day Durrës in Albania) took place on 18 October 1081, between the Byzantine Empire, led by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, and the Normans of Southern Italy under Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria. The battle was fought outside the city of Dyrrhachium (also known as Durazzo), the Byzantine capital of Illyria, and ended in a Norman ...

"en.wikipedia.org - 768-1487. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-4409-1 R. Allen Brown, (1984). The Normans. Woodridge: Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-199-X Robin Cross, (1991). The Guinness Encyclopedia of Warfare. Enfield: Guinness Publishing. ISBN 0-85112-985-4 Christopher Gravett and David Nicolle, (2006). The Normans: Warrior Knights and their Castles. Oxford: Osprey. ISBN 1-84603-088-9. John Haldon, (2000). The Byzantine Wars. The Mill: Tempest. ISBN 0-7524-1795-9. Jonathan ...

"en.wikipedia.org - them. [35] Meanwhile, Alexius granted the returned to the coast and sailed back to Italy. Venetians a commercial colony in Constantinople as well as exemption from trading duties in return for their renewed aid. They responded by recapturing Dyrrhachium and Corfu and returning them to the empire. These victories returned the Empire to its previous status quo and marked the beginning of the [36] Komnenian restoration. References 1. abc Haldon, The Byzantine Wars, 134 2 ...

"en.wikipedia.org - That Changed the Course of History, 33 *Brown, The Normans, p. 93. 7. Norwich, Byzantium: Decline and Fall, p. 14. 8. John Norwich, Byzantium: Decline and Fall, p. 14. * Anna Comnena, The Alexiad, 1.12 9. Anna Comnena, The Alexiad, 1.12 * Warren Treadgold, A History of Byzantine State and Society, p. 614. 10. Norwich, Byzantium: Decline and Fall, p. 15. * Warren Treadgold, A History of Byzantine State and Society, p. 614. 11. ab Norwich, Byzantium: Decline and Fall, p. 16 ...

"en.wikipedia.org - men; a force of so-called Manichaeans (Bogomil heretics organized into military units), which comprised 2800 men, Thessalian cavalry, Balkan conscripts, Armenian infantry and other light troops. As well as the native troops, the Byzantines were joined by 2000 Turkish and 1000 Frankish mercenaries, about 1000 Varangians and 7000 Turkish auxiliaries sent by the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm. Alexius also withdrew the tagmas from Heraclea Pontica and the remaining Byzantine ...

"en.wikipedia.org - abc Norwich, Byzantium: Decline and Fall, p. 17. 16. Gravett and Nicolle, The Normans: Warrior Knights and their Castles, p. 108. 17. Haldon, Byzantine Wars, p. 133. 18. ab John Norwich, Byzantium: Decline and Fall, p. 18. * Nicholas Hooper and Matthew Bennett, Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: The Middle Ages 768-1487, p. 83. 19. ab Norwich, Byzantium: Decline and Fall, p. 18. 20. Anna Comnena, The Alexiad, 4.3 21. Norwich, Byzantium: Decline and Fall, p. 18. Anna ...

"en.wikipedia.org - with the lance couched - tucked firmly under the arm to unite the impact of man and [27] horse - proved a battle-winner." George Palaeologus had not been able to re-enter the city after the battle and left with the main force. The defence of the citadel was left to the Venetians, [28] while the city itself was left to an Albanian, Komiskortes. In February 1082, Dyrrhachium fell after a Venetian or Amalfian citizen opened [29] The Norman army proceeded to take most of the ...

"en.wikipedia.org -7 Sources Background The Normans first arrived in Southern Italy in 1015 from northern France and [5] As served local Lombard lords as mercenaries against the Byzantine Empire. they were paid with lands, soon they were powerful enough to challenge Papal authority; in 1054, they defeated the Pope at the Battle of Civitate, forcing him [6] In 1059, the Pope made Robert Guiscard, of to acknowledge their authority. the Hauteville family, Duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily ...

"en.wikipedia.org - of the Norman right. With their massive battle axes, the Varangians Th e Varan gian guard. attacked the Norman knights, who were driven away after their horses panicked. The Varangians soon became separated from the main force and exhausted so they were in no position to resist an assault. Guiscard sent a strong force of spearmen and crossbowmen against the Varangian flank and inflicted heavy casualties on them. The few remaining Varangians fled into the church of the ...

"en.wikipedia.org - Robert offering the hand of his son Constantine to Robert's [8] Guiscard accepted the offer and sent his daughter to daughter Helena. Constantinople. However, in 1078, Michael was overthrown by Nicephorus [9] Botaneiates, an event that destroyed any chances Helena had for the throne. This gave Robert a motive to invade the empire claiming his daughter had been [10] mistreated; however, his intervention was delayed by a revolt in Italy. Robert conscripted all men of a ...

"en.wikipedia.org - The garrison made Guiscard. continuous sallies from the city; on one occasion, Palaeologus fought all day with an arrowhead in his [19] skull. Another sally succeeded in destroying Robert's siege tower. Robert's camp was struck by disease; according to contemporary historian Anna [20] Even so, the Comnena up to 10000 men died, including 500 knights. situation of the Dyrrhachium garrison grew desperate due to the effects of Norman siege weapons. Alexius learned of this ...

"en.wikipedia.org - A History of Byzantine State and Society, p. 615. 33. Anna Comnena, The Alexiad, 5.4 * Warren Treadgold, A History of Byzantine State and Society, p. 615. 34. Anna Comnena, The Alexiad, 5.56 * Gravett and Nicolle, The Normans: Warrior Knights and their Castles, p. 108. * Warren Treadgold, A History of Byzantine State and Society, p. 615. 35. Anna Comnena, The Alexiad, 5.7 * Gravett and Nicolle, The Normans: Warrior Knights and their Castles, p. 108. 36. Norwich, Byzantium ...

"en.wikipedia.org - Norwich, Byzantium: Decline and Fall, p. 20. * Warren Treadgold, A History of Byzantine State and Society, p. 614. 25. Quoted from Haldon, The Byzantine Wars, 1367 26. Harris, Byzantium and the Crusades, p. 34. 27. Holmes, The World Atlas of Warfare: Military Innovations That Changed the Course of History, p. 34. 28. Anna Comnena, The Alexiad, 4.8 29. Anna Comnena, The Alexiad, 5.1 30. Norwich, Byzantium: Decline and Fall, 20* Warren Treadgold, A History of Byzantine ...

"en.wikipedia.org - of the senior managed to sneak out of the city. officers, including Palaeologus, urged caution, noting that time was with the Emperor. Alexius, however, favoured an immediate assault, hoping to catch Guiscard's army from the rear, while they were still besieging the city. Alexius moved his army to the hills opposite the city, planning to [22] attack the Normans the next day. Guiscard, however, had been informed of Alexius' arrival by his scouts and on the night of the 17 ...

"en.wikipedia.org - Seljuk Sultan Suleyman I [24] followed Constantine's example and deserted. Deprived of his left wing (still in pursuit of the Norman right) Alexius was exposed in the centre. Guiscard sent his heavy cavalry against the Byzantine centre. They first routed the Byzantine skirmishers before breaking into small detachments and smashing into various points of the Byzantine line. This charge broke the Byzantine lines and caused them to rout. The imperial camp, which [23] had ...

"en.wikipedia.org - The Norman right wing suddenly charged forward to the point where the Byzantine left and centre met, directing its attack against the Varangian left flank. The Varangians stood their ground while the Byzantine left, including some of Alexius' elite troops, attacked the Normans. The Norman formation disintegrated and the routed Normans fled towards the beach. There, according to Comnena, they were rallied by Guiscard's wife, Sikelgaita, described as "like another Pallas ...

"en.wikipedia.org - and chief port of Illyria. peninsula running parallel to the coast, but separated by marshlands. Guiscard [17] brought his army onto the peninsula and pitched camp outside the city walls. However, as Robert's fleet sailed to Dyrrhachium, it was hit by a storm and lost [15] several ships. Meanwhile, when Alexius heard that the Normans were preparing to invade Byzantine territory, he sent an ambassador to the Doge of Venice, Domenico [15] The Doge, Selvo, requesting aid and ...

"en.wikipedia.org - and as he was returning to Italy, he heard of Alexius' [11] by which he became Alexius I successful coup against Botaneiates, Comnenus. When the ambassador returned, he urged Robert to make peace, claiming that Alexius wanted nothing but friendship with the Normans. Robert had no intention of peace; he sent his son Bohemond with an advance force towards [13] Greece and Bohemond landed at Aulon, with Robert following shortly after. Prelude The Norman fleet of 150 ships ...

"en.wikipedia.org -he regrouped his army. Aftermath The battle was a serious defeat for Alexius. Historian Jonathan Harris states that the defeat was "every bit as severe as that [26] He lost at Manzikert." "Alexius was undoubtedly a good tactician, but he was badly let down by the indisciplined rush to pursue the beaten enemy wings, a cardinal sin in the Byzantine tactical manuals. He failed to tak e adequate account about 5000 of his men, of the effectiveness of the Norman heavy cavalry ...

"en.wikipedia.org - had negotiated with Henry and given him 360000 gold pieces in return for an alliance. Henry responded by invading Italy and attacking the Pope. Guiscard rushed to Italy, leaving Bohemond in command of the army in [31] Greece. Alexius, desperate for money, ordered the confiscation of all the church's [32] With this money, Alexius mustered an army near Thessalonica and treasure. went to fight Bohemond. However, Bohemond defeated Alexius in two battles: one near Arta and the ...

"en.wikipedia.org - and himself in command of the centre. Guiscard formed his battle line opposite Alexius', with the right wing under the command of the Count of Giovinazzo, the left under Bohemond and Guiscard facing Alexius in the [22] centre. The Varangians had been ordered to march just in front of the main line with a [1] The archers had been strong division of archers a little behind them. commanded to move in front of the Varangians and fire a volley before retreating behind them ...

"en.wikipedia.org -en ts Byzantine Empire Duchy of Apulia and Calabria Com m an der s Alexius I Comnenus Robert Guiscard George Palaeologus Bohemond of Taranto Str en gth an attack on his ally, the Pope by the 20000 men [1] 30000 men [2] Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV. Robert 150 ships left his son Bohemond in charge of the Casualties an d losses army in Greece. Bohemond was initially successful, defeating Alexius in several 5000 men dead[3] Substantial [3] battles, but was defeated by Alexius ...