tecnologia per l'edilizia tamponature www.prefedil.it

Open wells have provide water to humanity in all parts of the world. This beautiful one is built with laterite stone in laterite soil. It is a labour of love and took the well maker over a year to build. Notice the beautiful concentric fashion in which it changes diameter. There is no mortar used at all and the laterite stone is carved in the shape it is required. Laterite soils have a high porosity and can store a lot of water but aquifers are not very pronounced and therefore the wells tend to run dry in the summer months. Careful husbanding of water is required during these critical days.

intervista a Gianni Di Mattia

tecnologia per l'edilizia fonoassorbenti e pareti tagliafuoco www.prefedil.it

intervista a Gianni Di Mattia

Tecnologia per l'edilizia tamponature fonoassorbenti pareti tagliafuoco www.prefedil.it

Open wells like this one in the clip have provided water for humankind since aeons. This wonderful discovery that a hole in the ground can yield water permitted the 'conquest' of man and released humans from the 'tyranny' of rivers, lakes and springs. The technology of the well itself has emerged in the local terrain with local materials. Here is one in the west coast of India in the Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra dug in laterite soil. A different more iron rich laterite is used to line the well. Only this variety will last long and withstand the exposure to air and water.

panneli fonoisolanti e tagliafuoco LATERITE

At the end of the causeway and just in front of the gopura of the next enclosure (Gopura III) are two long galleries on either side. A passage between these and the walls of the third enclosure allowed access from the town. This gopura immediately in front of you is the entrance to the temple proper; though smaller than the outer gopura, it was flanked by lions, and contains the pedestal for a linga. There are inscriptions on the inner door-frames. The E-facing pediment, which lies on the ground just N of the causeway, shows Sita being seized by the demon Viradha (from the Ramayana). The W-facing pediment is now in the Musee Guimet in Paris, and shows a scene from the Mahabharata in which two asuras, the brothers Sunda and Upasunda, fight over the possession of the apsaras Tilottama. Crossing through this gopura, you are inside the laterite-walled third enclosure, on a broad earth causeway with the moat on either side. The next gopura (II), with its magnificent double-tiered pediments, takes you through another laterite wall into what at first glance appears to be an over-crowded central enclosure. However, this is only because the brick wall of the innermost enclosure has collapsed and was, in any case, only 9m away. The tiny, exquisite building directly ahead of you is, in fact, the innermost E gopura {Gopura I). On either side you can see laterite 'long galleries' in poor condition. These, continuing with four others round the walls, take up most of the space between the second and inner enclosures, and were originally roofed with tiles. Almost at your feet are the remains of a sculpture of the bull Nandi in a sitting position. The most immediately striking feature of the central enclosure in front of you is its scale, more suited to small children than to normal adults. The doorway of the central shrine, for example, is only 108cm high. The slim east gopura, now free-standing, appears hardly to have been designed as a gateway. The three sanctuary towers stand in a row on a 90cm-high T-shaped platform, so close together that it is hardly possible to walk between them, let alone stand back to view their pediments and lintels. Each has an E-facing entrance, with the usual blind doors on the other three sides. The central sanctuary, taller than the other two, is .fronted by an arrangement that became common much later elsewhere - a mandapa, or antechamber, connected to the sanctuary by a narrower corridor - the antarala. The central sanctuary was dedicated to Shiva, as was the southern sanctuary, while the northern one was dedicated to Vishnu - a lopsided and unusual arrangement (contrast this with the three-tower layouts at Phnom Krom and Phnom Bok, dedicated to Shiva in the centre, Vishnu to the N and Brahma to the S).

Trip to Loreto of the DepEd Surigao del Norte Medical and Dental Team in 2006 Loreto, Dinagat Islands From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Loreto is a 5th class municipality in the province of Dinagat Island, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 8,751 people in 1,840 households. In the northern side of the mainland of Surigao del Norte lies Dinagat Island which was dubbed by General Douglas MacArthur as one of the "three sentinel islands guarding the Central Philippines from the enemies in the Pacific". Loreto is one of the seven municipalities established in this island. It is endowed with rich mineral resources like aluminous laterite ore, chromite, gold, niceliferous laterite, sand and gravel, guano, rock phosphate, limestone, and siliceous sand. It is also considered as an excellent fishing ground. The municipality is blessed with historical places and natural beauty spots like white beaches, waterfalls, hot springs and clusters of mountains. These include Polo Beach, Black Beach No. 2, Cambinliw Falls and River, Krominco Campsite, Loreto Desolation Point Light House, and Esperanza Natural Spring Resort. Loreto is politically subdivided into 10 barangays. * Carmen (Pob.) * Esperanza * Ferdinand * Helene * Liberty * Magsaysay * Panamaon * San Juan (Pob.) * Santa Cruz (Pob.) * Santiago (Pob.)

The beaches of Kerala Mist clad mountains, blue seas, golden beaches, tranquil backwaters and gushing rivers are some of the natural attractions that make Kerala unique in the eyes of a visitor. The tiny state is flanked by the Western Ghats on one side and the Arabian Sea on the other. This south Indian state has a coastline of about 600 kms dotted with breathtaking beaches, some of which are located close to fishing villages. Fishing is the primary occupation of the people in the coastal belt of Kerala. There are hundreds of fishing villages spread along the coast and thousands make a living out of the sea. A visit to the palm-fringed beaches of Kerala is a refreshing experience. Each beach has its own qualities. Kovalam, the most popular of all has golden sands, shallow waters and a palm-fringed coastline. Varkala beach near Thiruvananthapuram is bordered by beautiful pink laterite cliffs. Cherai beach in Ernakulam district is a serene and calm haven, situated close to Kochi. Nattika beach in Thrissur district is a wide expanse of golden sand and tranquil blue sea. Kappad beach in Kozhikkode district is where Vasco da Gama, the Portuguese adventurer, landed in the fifteenth century. Muzhappilangadu beach in Kannur district is a drive-in-beach which stretches for over 4 kms. In the district of Kasaragod, the historic Bekal Fort is located close to the beach. In fact, this 300-year-old fort built of laterite is surrounded by unsullied beaches and coves. Each beach of Kerala offers a different ambience and different experience. The beaches of Kerala have the capacity to fill a visitor\'s heart with profound serenity. World weary travellers forget their cares in the lilting lullabies of the white surf and blue waves.

Substrate: Bottom portion:3 inch mixture of natural laterite soil RM2.00, crush coral RM4.00, fluorite rock RM4.00, potting mixture (mainly peat + laterite) RM4.00. Middle portion: 1 inch fine gravel RM8. Deco:wood RM20.00, rock FREE (from a waterfall) Top portion: 1 inch clay gravel Plant: Bacopa monnieri, Hemianthus micranthemoides, cobomba aquatica, Ceretophyllum demersum, Heteranthere zosterifolia, hygrophila polysperma, rotala macrandra, riccia fluitans, pistia stratiotes (floating), vallisneria tortifolia, vesicularia dubyana, bacopa monnieri. Inhabitant: 6 cardinal tetra, 6 gold tetra, lots of cherry shrimp, 1 sae, 2 otto, 5 amano shrimp, 1 mini puffer (for snails and shrimp population control)

en quittant Nazinga sur la route de léo . une bonne latérite pleine de vie de gens et d'animaux l'afrique quoi.

Substrate: Bottom portion:3 inch mixture of natural laterite soil RM2.00, crush coral RM4.00, fluorite rock RM4.00, potting mixture (mainly peat + laterite) RM4.00. Middle portion: 1 inch fine gravel RM8. Deco:wood RM20.00, rock FREE (from a waterfall) Top portion: 1 inch clay gravel Plant: Bacopa monnieri, Hemianthus micranthemoides, cobomba aquatica, Ceretophyllum demersum, Heteranthere zosterifolia, hygrophila polysperma, rotala macrandra, riccia fluitans, pistia stratiotes (floating), vallisneria tortifolia, vesicularia dubyana, bacopa monnieri. Inhabitant: 6 cardinal tetra, 6 gold tetra, lots of cherry shrimp, 1 sae, 2 otto, 5 amano shrimp, 1 mini puffer (for snails and shrimp population control)

Traditionally, the history of Angkor as we know it from inscriptions and the existing temples begins in the ninth century, when the young king Jayavarman II declared himself the supreme sovereign and established his capital first near present-day Roluos, and a little later in the Kulen Mountains. Up to that point, Khmer history had been that of small independent states occasionally consolidating into larger empires, but never for long. It took a conqueror to establish the beginnings of one of Southeast Asia's most powerful empires. The Angkor region, bordering the Great Lake with its valuable supply of water, fish, and fertile soil, has been settled since neolithic times, as is known from stone tools and ceramics found there, and from the identification of circular habitation sites from aerial photographs. For the whole Khmer country, there is more descriptive evidence from the accounts of the Chinese, who began to trade and explore the commercial opportunities of mainland Southeast Asia in the early centuries of the Christian era. The picture is one of small town-states, moated, fortified and frequently in conflict with each other. The Chinese called the principal country with which they traded Funan; it had a strategic importance in controlling the sea routes around the Mekong delta and the Gulf of Thailand. In particular it controlled the narrow Isthmus of Kra - the neck of the Malay Peninsula -which connected eastern Asia with India. Indeed, it was trade with India that gave the Khmers their primary cultural contacts, and introduced them to Hinduism and Buddhism. Khmer religious beliefs, iconography, art and architecture all stemmed directly from India, and this had a profound influence on the development of its civilization. The 6th century sees the first historical evidence from local inscriptions. At around this time, the Chinese accounts begin to write of a kingdom called 'Chenla' in the interior, but this is a Chinese rather than a Khmer name. In the second half of the century there is a record of a city called Bhavapura, with its king, Bhavavarman I extending his rule from near the present-day site of Kampong Thorn to at least as far as Battambang in the west. He was succeeded by his brother, who ruled as Mahendravarman, who in turn was succeeded by his son, Isanavarman I. These three kings progressively conquered the Khmer part of Funan, while the western part was taken by other peoples, in particular the Mons of the kingdom of Dvaravati to the W of Bangkok, Isnavarman I was responsible for the temple at Sambor Prei Kuk, establishing the first of the pre-Angkorean styles of architecture. Under Isanavarman's son, Bhavavarman II, who took the throne in 628, the empire disintegrated back into small states, and it took until 654 for Jayavarman I, a grandson of Isanavarman I, from one of these princedoms, to reconquer much of the territory. There is evidence that he ruled from Aninditapura, close to Angkor. On his death, the empire again collapsed, and his successors, including his daughter Jayadevi, the only ancient Khmer queen, controlled only the small kingdom of Aninditapura. The country remained this way until the end of the 8th century, when Jayavarman II became king in 790. Jayavarman II's conquests, first of Vyadhapura (SE of Cambodia), then Sambhupura (present-day Sambor), then N as far as Wat Phu, ind finally of Aninditapura, established his power. He settled first at t iariharalaya, an ancient capital in the region of what is now Roluos, Sut then, trying to go further NW, experienced an unknown setback -hich resulted in him relocating to the Kulen Plateau, some 30 km NE of Angkor. Here he pronounced himself 'world emperor' in 802, but it was many years before he was strong enough to move his capital back to Hariharalaya on the shores of the Great Lake, where he died in 835. His son Jayavarman III succeeded him on his death. He seems to nave built the laterite pyramid of Bakong, which his successor, Indravarman I, had clad in sandstone. The date of his death is unknown, but most probably his successor took the throne with Molence. This king remodeled his capital, building in his palace the Preah Ko temple, dedicated in 880 and improving Bakong. He also began the baray of Indratataka, which his son Yasovarman I completed after he came to power in 889. This accession was a bloody one, involving a struggle with the crown prince, his brother, and destruction of the palace. Therefore he decided to move his capital to Angkor.

Johor Lama Fort Venturing out from Bob's Homestay, it takes about half an hour to walk to Johor Lama Fort also known as Kota Batu (Stone Fort). Passing the Old Johor Village and a small rubber plantantion, we saw an old cemetery's headstone beside the small road along the way. Up on the hill beside the Johor River, there stood an old fort that had withstood attacks from the Achehnese and Portuguese sea men. It also witnessed the greatness of one of the mightiest power in South East Asia in 19th century, the old Johor Empire. The fort's history started in 1540 when Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II built the fort with laterite stones and earth. However, Acheh conquered the city in 1564 and the Sultan was brought to Acheh. After nine years abandonment, the fort was repaired and the new king Sultan Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II decided to use Stone Fort as the centre to administrate the government in 1573. It's not long after a couple of boisterous attacks; the fort was conquered and demolished by the Portuguese army from Malacca. On August 15, 1587, the fort had to be surrendered after a month of seclusion and the Sultan resigned further down the Johor River to a new place called Batu Sawar in Kota Tinggi. After an archaeological excavation in the 1950's, what we can see of the fort is a wide square green field with a two to four metres shaped barrier with some column for cannons pointed to the Johor River. The steep hill towards the river is strategically an advantage from attacks and once upon a time, for 24 years this place is one of the busiest trading centre as well as the main Old Johor glorious administration city. Kota Johor Lama Historical Complex The greatness of Johor Lama Fort is magnified by a historical complex built on the land that used to be the Sultanate government centre. A replica of the old Sultan's palace, the Johor Lama Historical Complex preserved the rich history of the fort and we were thrilled to learn more about the place through an audio visual presentation and well-illustrated oil paintings depicting the occurrence that had happened 500 years ago. The exhibited artefacts helped us with a glimpse of the past, giving us a clearer picture of the cultural and sociological situation in that era and how it all relates to the whole history of the Johor and Malacca Sultanate. The brownish wooden establishment keeps only a handful of precious century old relics like vases, carved Acheh headstone, porcelain and a few other invaluable artefacts and findings. Those who are interested in architectural aspects should be amazed by the traditional wooden carvings of the old Malay heritage of the complex building. Minimal nails have been used in the building process and once inside, you can imagine that you are actually in one of those palaces in 1587!

Wat Phou or Vat Phu is a ruined Khmer temple complex in southern Laos. It is located at the base of mount Phu Kao, some 6 km from the Mekong river in Champassak province. There was a temple on the site as early as the 5th century, but the surviving structures date from the 11th to 13th centuries. The temple has a unique structure, in which the elements lead to a shrine where a linga was bathed in water from a mountain spring. The site later became a centre of Theravada Buddhist worship, which it remains today. Wat Phu was initially associated with the city of Shrestapura, which lay on the bank of the Mekong directly east of mount Lingaparvata (now called Phu Kao).[1] By the latter part of the 5th century the city was already the capital of a kingdom which texts and inscriptions connect with both Chenla and Champa, and the first structure on the mountain was constructed around this time.[2] The mountain gained spiritual importance from the linga-shaped protuberance on its summit; the mountain itself was therefore considered the home of Shiva, and the river as representing the ocean or the Ganges River.[3] The temple was naturally dedicated to Shiva, while the water from the spring which emerges directly behind the temple was considered sacred. Wat Phu was a part of the Khmer empire, centred on Angkor to the southwest, at least as early as the reign of Yashovarman I in the early 10th century. Shrestapura was superseded by a new city in the Angkorian period, located directly south of the temple.[4] In the later period, the original buildings were replaced, re-using some of the stone blocks; the temple now seen was built primarily during the Koh Ker and Baphuon periods of the 11th century. Minor changes were made during the following two centuries, before the temple, like most in the empire, was converted to Theravada Buddhist use. This continued after the area came under control of the Lao, and a festival is held on the site each February. Little restoration work has been done, other than the restoration of boundary posts along the path. Wat Phou was designated a World Heritage Site in 2001. The site of Wat Pu A plan of Wat Phou: proportions and positions are approximate.Like most Khmer temples, Wat Phou is orientated towards the east. although the axis actually faces eight degrees south of due east, being determined primarily by the orientation of the mountain and the river. Including the barays it stretches 1.4 km east from the source of the spring, at the base of a cliff 100 m up the hill. 6 km east of the temple, on the west bank of the Mekong, lay the city, while a road south from the temple itself led to other temples and ultimately to the city of Angkor Approached from the city (of which little remains), the first part of the temple reached is a series of barays. Only one now contains water, the 600 by 200 m middle baray which lies directly along the temples's axis; there were further reservoirs north and south of this, and a further pair on each side of the causeway between the middle baray and the palaces. The two palaces stand on a terrace on either side of the axis. They are known as the north and south palaces or, without any evidence, the men's and women's palaces (the term "palace" is also a mere convention — their purpose is unknown). Each consisted of a rectangular courtyard with a corridor and entrance on the side towards the axis, and false doors at the east and west ends. The courtyards of both buildings have laterite walls; the walls of the northern palace's corridor are also laterite, while those of the southern palace are sandstone. The northern building is now in better condition. The palaces are notable chiefly for their pediments and lintels, which are in the early Angkor Wat style. The next terrace has a small shrine to Nandin (Shiva's mount) to the south, in poor condition. The road connecting Wat Phou to Angkor ran south from this temple. Continuing west, successive staircases lead up further terraces; between them stands a dvarapala which has come to be worshipped as king Kammatha, mythical builder of the temple. On the narrow next terrace are the remains of six small shrines destroyed by treasure-hunters. The path culminates in seven sandstone tiers which rise to the upper terrace and central sanctuary. The sanctuary is in two parts. The front section, of sandstone, is now occupied by four Buddha images, while the brick rear part, which formerly contained the central linga, is empty. Visit this trip at www.southlaostour.com

Varkala is a coastal town in the state of Kerala [1], India. It is 51 km north of Thiruvananthapuram city. Varkala is the only place in southern Kerala where one can find cliffs just adjacent to the Arabian sea. These sedimentary and laterite cliffs are a unique geological feature in the otherwise flat Kerala coast, and is known among geologists as Varkala Formation. There are numerous water spouts and spas on the sides of the cliffs. A famous beach resort, Varkala is also famous for its 2,000 year old Janardanaswamy temple, which is an important Vaishnavaite shrine in India and is referred to as Dakshin Kashi (Benares of the south). The temple is located close to the Papanasam beach is considered to have holy waters which wash away sins, and is also an important Ayurveda treatment centre. The temple has an ancient bell removed from a shipwreck, donated by the captain of the Dutch vessel which sank near Varkala without causing any casualties. Another major landmark in Varkala is the Sivagiri Mutt, established by the great social reformer Sree Narayana Guru. The hill-top mausoleum of Sree Narayana Guru, also located there, is one of the most famous buildings in Kerala. The adjacent hills house the East-West University of Brahmavidya and Sree Narayana Gurukulam, both organizations belong the late Nataraja Guru, a split-away disciple of Sree Narayana Guru and his famous disciples Muni Narayana Prasad and Guru Nitya Chaitanya Yati. The District Ayurvedic Hospital is also located in Varkala, which is now almost completely been renovated. The landmark hill-top mausoleum of Narayana Guru Another important feature of Varkala is the now dilapidated Varkala Tunnel, through which passes the TS Canal, which was an all-important waterway during pre-independence times. The town has excellent telecommunication facilities, round-the-clock power, an average-rated water supply system, firestation, several post offices and police station. The town boasts a government-run hospital in addition to nearly 10 private hospitals and some dental clinics. Several elementary and senior-secondary schools, both government-run and private are also functioning. In addition to an Arts and Science college named after Sree Narayana Guru, there are several private professional institutions offering courses like nursing and teaching. A dental college is under construction. Almost all consumer goods are available in the town. Varkala has several shopping complexes, and 4 not-so-good moviehouses. Over 10 banks have branches in Varkala, most of them have ATMs too. Varkala has a railway station, with most trains having halts. The station has computerized railway reservation facility, and it is the second most-important railhead in the district of Thiruvanthapuram, after the Thiruvananthapuram Central Station. Varkala is an important hub for neighbouring places like Attingal, Kadakkavur, Edava, Kallambalam and Kappil. Vehicles registered with a Varkala address always have the number beginning with KL-16. The direct-dialing code for Varkala is +470. The postal index number (PIN) code for the main post office in Varkala is 695141. People of Varkala are generally employed in service sector. A very good portion of them are working outside India, mainly in the Middle East region. Varkala also has a very sizeable number of expatriates in the United Kingdom. 30.12.1998 VALPARD FILMS http://valpardfilms.free.fr

madagascar, balade autour de tananarive, paysages, piste, charettes a zebu, crocodiles du nil, mora mora

Church of St. Francis of Assisi. The structure is built of laterite blocks and is lime-plastered. The church faces west and has a nave with three chapels on either side, a choir, two altars in the transept and a main altar. The internal buttress walls, separating the chapels and supporting the gallery on top, have frescoes showing intricate floral designs.

Feeding time in a small, planted aquarium with a sand, laterite, and cactus compost base. 3 Zebra Danio (pearl, leopard, zebra) 4 Black widow tetra

This is a documentation of Spirit Mountain Herbal Gardens in Arizona 3/21/2008 Caliche (mineral) Caliche is a hardened deposit of calcium carbonate. This calcium carbonate cements together other materials, including gravel, sand, clay, and silt. It is found in aridisol and mollisol soil orders. Caliche occurs worldwide, generally in arid or semi-arid regions, including in central and western Australia, in the Kalahari Desert, in the High Plains of the western USA, and in the Sonoran Desert. Caliche is also known as hardpan, calcrete, kankar (in India), or duricrust. The term caliche is Spanish and is originally from the Latin calx, meaning lime. Caliche is generally light colored but can range from white to light pink to reddish-brown, depending on the impurities present. It is generally found on or near the surface, but it can be found in deeper subsoil deposits as well. The layers can vary from a few inches to feet thick, and multiple layers can exist in a single location. In northern Chile and Peru, caliche refers to the nitrate salt deposits of the Atacama Desert. Caliche can also refer to various clayey deposits in Chile, Peru, Mexico, and Colombia. In addition, it has been used to describe some forms of quartzite, bauxite, kaolinite, laterite, chalcedony, opal, and soda niter. Similar material, but composed of calcium sulfate rather than calcium carbonate, is called gypcrust or gypcrete ("Gyp-Crete" is also a trademarked brand name). How it forms Caliche generally forms when minerals are leached from the upper layer of the soil (the A horizon) and accumulate in the next layer (the B horizon), at depths of approximately 3 to 10 feet under the surface. Caliche generally consists of carbonates in semiarid regions, while in arid regions, less soluble minerals will form caliche layers after all the carbonates have been leached from the soil. The calcium carbonate that is deposited accumulates, first forming grains, then small clumps, then a discernible layer, and finally a thicker, solid bed. As the caliche layer forms, the layer gradually becomes deeper, eventually moving into the parent material, which lies under the upper soil horizons. However, caliche can also form in other ways. It can form when water rises through capillary action. In an arid region, rainwater will sink into the ground very quickly. Later, as the surface dries out, the water below the surface will rise, carrying dissolved minerals from lower layers upward with it. This water movement forms a caliche that tends to grow thinner and branch out as it nears the surface. Plants can contribute to the formation of caliche as well. The plant roots take up water through transpiration, leaving behind the dissolved calcium carbonate, which precipitates to form caliche. Caliche can also form on outcrops of porous rocks or in rock fissures where water is trapped and evaporates. In general, caliche deposition is a slow process, but if enough moisture is present in an otherwise arid site, it can accumulate fast enough to block a drain pipe. While the formation of other caliches is relatively well understood, the origin of Chilean caliche is not known definitively. One possibility is that the deposits were formed when a prehistoric inland sea evaporated. Another theory is that it was deposited due to weathering of the Andes Caliche and Gardening Problems caliche cause Caliche beds can cause many problems when trying to grow plants. First, an impermeable caliche layer prevents water from draining properly, which can keep the roots from getting enough oxygen. Salts can also build up in the soil due to the lack of drainage. Both of these situations are detrimental to plant growth. Second, the impermeable nature of caliche beds also prevents plant roots from going through the bed, which means the roots have a limited supply of nutrients, water, and space, so they cannot develop normally. Third, caliche beds can also cause the surrounding soil to be basic (have a high pH). The basic soil, along with calcium carbonate from the caliche, can prevent plants from getting enough nutrients, especially iron. An iron deficiency will cause the plant's youngest leaves to become yellow. Soil saturation above the caliche bed can make the condition worse. Fixing these problems The best solution to these problems is to remove the layer of caliche and replace it with a mixture of organic material and soil. The hole should be large enough to contain the plant's mature root system and should go entirely through the caliche layer. However, when the caliche layer is thick, dig a hole large enough for the mature root system. Then, a smaller hole or holes can be dug through the remaining caliche to provide drainage. To test drainage, the hole should be filled with water. If the level drops by 1 inch per hour, the drainage is sufficient.

GTR-DVD-1229 - Around four hundred and twenty kilometres from the Thai metropolis of Bangkok in the far north of the central plains, is the legendary city of Si Satchanalai. Today only sad ruins testify to the splendour of the former twin city and ancient capital of Sukhothai. However, after Si Satchanalai had lain in ruins for many centuries some areas of the city were restored by teams of dedicated archaeologists. The city dates back to the 13th century and at that time Si Satchanalai was the official residence of the viceroy of Thailand's first important kingdom during the Sukhothai Period. The Wat Chang Lom Temple is one of the most remarkable sanctuaries in the heart of the old city. The builder of this temple site was one of the most famous rulers of Sukhothai, King Ramkhamhaeng. Close to the river banks of the Menam Yom is the great Laterite Prang that was originally built in early Khmer design and was later embellished with stucco work. This cult building is the most important attraction of the Wat Chao Chan. Later, Si Satchanlai lost its political influence. Shortly after this the people began to vacate their city leaving not only their fine statues but also the place that they loved. Global Treasures - History's Most Protected Monuments - Heritage is our legacy from the past, what we live today, and what we pass on to future generations. our cultural and natural heritage are both irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration. Places as unique and diverse as the wilds of East Africa's Serengeti, the Pyramids of Egypt, the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and the Baroque cathedrals of Latin America make up our world's heritage. Join us as we explore one of these protected monuments.

Reclaiming of Laterite at Thang Long Cement Factory in QNH Vietnam.

10 gallon aquarium with cherry barbs, gold mountain minnow, neon tetra, java ferns, java moss, moss balls, gravel mixed with laterite.