I didn't get time to mention it in the video, so I'll say it here: These are the Proto-Indo European Gods. They were believed by Neolithic man before they spread out. When they spread out, these gods became the pantheons we know today as Greco-Roman, Celtic, Teutonic, Sumerian/Babylonian, Hinduism, Zororastrianism (sp), Judeo-Christianity/Islam, Russian, and possibly Native American. In a sense, they are aspects of an older deity humans once worshipped. Know though, I believe in the gods as Natural beings, not Supernatural like religion makes them out to be. I honestly ask any Fundie, Atheist, Anti-Theist, or person who disagrees with me, you can have your views. Just please, please don't belittle me for mine.

song 1 - Elica Todorova & Stojan Jankulov - Voda (Club_mix)song 2: - Trio Bulgarka (DJ Jonney K remix).Elitsa & Stoyan - Water (Bulgaria - 5th on Eurovision 2007) From Wikipedia: The prehistoric origins of the Thracians remain obscure, in absence of written historical records. Evidence of Proto-Thracians in the prehistoric period depends on remains of material culture. It is generally proposed that a Proto-Thracian people developed from a mixture of indigenous peoples and Indo-Europeans from the time of Proto-Indo-European expansion in the Early Bronze Age.[2]. In the 6th century some Thracian tribes south of the Danube river made contacts with the invading Slavs and were later Slavicised. Thus they became one of the main ethnic elements in the consolidation of the Bulgarian nation in 8-9th century. Linguistic evidence about this is the presence of Thracian and direct Latin loanwords in Old Bulgarian and modern Bulgarian language. The archaeological research of the Thracian culture started in the 20th century and especially after World War II, mainly on the territory of Southern Bulgaria. As a result of intensive excavation works in the 1960s and 1970s a number of Thracian tombs and sanctuaries were discovered. More significant among them are: the Tomb of Sveshtari, the Tomb of Kazanlak, Tatul, Seuthopolis, Perperikon, the Tomb of Aleksandrovo, Sarmizegetusa, etc. Also a large number of elaborately crafted gold and silver treasure sets from the 5th and 4th century BC were unearthed. In the following decades those were exposed in museums around the world, thus gaining popularity and becoming an emblem of the ancient Thracian culture. Since the year 2000, Bulgarian archaeologist Georgi Kitov has made discoveries in Central Bulgaria which were summarized as "The Valley of the Thracian Kings". On 19 August 2005, some Bulgarian archaeologists announced they had found the first Thracian capital, which was situated near Karlovo in Bulgaria. A lot of polished ceramic artifacts (pieces of roof-tiles and Greek-like vases) were discovered revealing the fortune of the city. The Bulgarian Ministry of Culture declared its support to the excavations. In Dabene, Bulgaria, a cache of more than 15,000 gold Thracian artifacts were discovered, including thousands of rings. In August 2006 a sensational archaeological find was made near the village of Dubovo. A Thracian dagger made of an alloy of gold and platinum, sharp, and in perfect condition, was found in a tomb near the village of Dubovo. tombs with mural paintings have been discovered near the town of Kazanlak so far. They prove the wide use of art of painting as a detail of inside decoration of the Thracian tombs during the Hellenic period. Undoubtedly the most interesting tomb is the Kazanlak Thracian Tomb. An important moment for a substantial research of the history, culture and the urban development of the Thracian tribes during the early Hellenic period are the salvage excavations, undertaken because of the building of "Koprinca" dam. An ancient Thracian town -- Sevtopolis is discovered. Around 6000 years ago, between the fifth and the second millennium B.C., the climate became warmer and the icebergs on the Earth quickly started melting. The water in the oceans and seas rose with 3 meters. Fewer than 100 are the Thracian undermounded constructed structures in Bulgaria, which are usually called tombs. Fifteen buildings like these are put up in Kazanlak valley. In the middle of our country, cuddled between the two big mountain ranges Stara planina and Sredna gora, is situated the Kazanlak valley. The land, amazing with its beauty, inebriates with its sweet scents and fascinates with its ancient history. Bulgaria gold treasure tourism God music video Mystery property folklore world song winner JOURNEY LAND THRACIAN KINGS Legend has it that about 9 - 10 millennia BC, after the submerging of Atlantis the only surviving principality was the "Manou - meaning "Principality of Knowledge"). The survivors found shelter in South-Eastern Europe, where they merged with the natives. The legend says that this is how the Thracians came to be. From the Carpathians to the Aegean, from the Adriatic to the Black Sea the numerous Thracian tribes spread but their peace did not lost very long. Then in the III century BC other tribes invaded from North. The Illyrians swept from Northwest and pushed the Thracians eastward. As a result some of the Thracian tribes searched for new land in the Near East. The Thracians were warriors, horse breeders, potters, weavers, goldsmiths and philosophers. Democritus and Protagoras were born in Abdera Thrace. They took part in the Trojan War as Trojan allies.. Homer first mentioned them in "Iliad". Courageous and daring warriors, they were hired mercenaries in the armies of the Hellenic era. Later they joined the Roman auxiliary troops, and from the second century onwards were in their legions. The Thracian soldiers were fearless, ready to face death, believing that beyond was another, better life, closer his Gods. Spartacus was one of them. During the IV century BC, Phillip II of Macedonia conquered the lands of the Thracians. His physician, a Thracian, was the father of Aristotle, the great philosopher who in his turn became Alexander the Great's tutor. Celts came to the Thracian lands at the beginning of the third century BC. They established a number of kingdoms on these lands, after stealing the gold from Apollo's tomb, which they dispersed to settle over the entire continent, reaching the British Isles, settling in Ireland. At the beginning of the 1st century AD, the Thracians joined the Roman Empire. Then they became part of the Eastern Roman Empire. The Slavs who in their turn came to the Balkan Peninsula during the 4-th century AD, and became part of the ethnic roots of the Bulgarians. The Thracians, through their philosophers, impacted the ancient Mediterranean civilization (Greco-Hellenic and Roman). Their cultural heritage, aside from the atomistic theory of Democritus, or the view that man is the measure of all things as propounded by Protagoras, and the Cybernetic view of the World that Artistotle proposed, reflecting the Thracian religion that the world was made of small particles in constant motion. They has left us with many examples of gold, silver and bronze ornaments, arms, tools and vessels. The Thracian culture that emerged, blending their own unique view of the world with those of other nations, became a link between Europe and the East. Indicative of the rich spiritual make-up, the Thracians, was the multiplicity of religious cults they upheld. They worshipped the Horseman and his female counterpart Bendida; they partook in the Dionysian orgies; upheld the Orphic teaching, based on the Dionysian cult, a God in the Thracian Pantheon. We would like you to join us on a tour to the valley of the Thracians rulers. Today, this valley is replete with tumular Temples and burial Monuments, Mounts, testifying to their great civilization .The multitude of gold, silver, iron and clay objects found so far and the numerous studied tombs are lasting marks left from the ancient Thracians' culture, revealing their notions of the world. It is here, at the bottom of Koprinka dam - lake one can still find remains of Seuthopolis - the Odrysae state capital from the time of Seuthe III, the only Thracian city that has been completely excavated, preserved and researched. With this tale we would like to take you to the dawn of our civilization, the way it has been preserved by wisdom of time as we believe that in order to live better in the contemporary world one should know its ancient roots. A JOURNEY TO THE LAND OF THE THRACIAN KINGS (A REAL TALE ABOUT THE DAWN OF OUR CIVILIZATION) Legend has it that about 9 - 10 millennia BC, after the submerging of Atlantis the only surviving principality was the "Manou - meaning "Principality of Knowledge"). The survivors found shelter in South-Eastern Europe, where they merged with the natives. The legend says that this is how the Thracians came to be. From the Carpathians to the Aegean, from the Adriatic to the Black Sea the numerous Thracian tribes spread but their peace did not lost very long. Then in the III century BC other tribes invaded from North. The Illyrians swept from Northwest and pushed the Thracians eastward. As a result some of the Thracian tribes searched for new land in the Near East. The Thracians were warriors, horse breeders, potters, weavers, goldsmiths and philosophers. Democritus and Protagoras were born in Abdera Thrace. They took part in the Trojan War as Trojan allies.. Homer first mentioned them in "Iliad". Courageous and daring warriors, they were hired mercenaries in the armies of the Hellenic era. Later they joined the Roman auxiliary troops, and from the second century onwards were in their legions. The Thracian soldiers were fearless, ready to face death, believing that beyond was another, better life, closer his Gods. Spartacus was one of them. During the IV century BC, Phillip II of Macedonia conquered the lands of the Thracians. His physician, a Thracian, was the father of Aristotle, the great philosopher who in his turn became Alexander the Great's tutor. Celts came to the Thracian lands at the beginning of the third century BC. They established a number of kingdoms on these lands, after stealing the gold from Apollo's tomb, which they dispersed to settle over the entire continent, reaching the British Isles, settling in Ireland. At the beginning of the 1st century AD, the Thracians joined the Roman Empire. Then they became part of the Eastern Roman Empire. The Slavs who in their turn came to the Balkan Peninsula during the 4-th century AD, and became part of the ethnic roots of the Bulgarians. The Thracians, through their philosophers, impacted the ancient Mediterranean civilization (Greco-Hellenic and Roman). Their cultural heritage, aside from the atomistic theory of Democritus, or the view that man is the measure of all things as propounded by Protagoras, and the Cybernetic view of the World that Artistotle proposed, reflecting the Thracian religion that the world was made of small particles in constant motion. They has left us with many examples of gold, silver and bronze ornaments, arms, tools and vessels. The Thracian culture that emerged, blending their own unique view of the world with those of other nations, became a link between Europe and the East. Indicative of the rich spiritual make-up, the Thracians, was the multiplicity of religious cults they upheld. They worshipped the Horseman and his female counterpart Bendida; they partook in the Dionysian orgies; upheld the Orphic teaching, based on the Dionysian cult, a God in the Thracian Pantheon. We would like you to join us on a tour to the valley of the Thracians rulers. Today, this valley is replete with tumular Temples and burial Monuments, Mounts, testifying to their great civilization .The multitude of gold, silver, iron and clay objects found so far and the numerous studied tombs are lasting marks left from the ancient Thracians' culture, revealing their notions of the world. It is here, at the bottom of Koprinka dam - lake one can still find remains of Seuthopolis - the Odrysae state capital from the time of Seuthe III, the only Thracian city that has been completely excavated, preserved and researched. With this tale we would like to take you to the dawn of our civilization, the way it has been preserved by wisdom of time as we believe that in order to live better in the contemporary world one should know its ancient roots. The stone tombs hide interesting wall paintings and sculptural decorations under die high mounds. They witness the faith in immortality, which the Thracians were known for. My encounters with the monuments of human civilization on the territory of Bulgaria today were an exciting challenge for me. Working on this project gave me the opportunity to travel again across my beautiful country viewing it from an entirely new perspective. I had the opportunity to visit the Valley of the Thracian Kings near Kazanlak and ex¬amine in tranquility the magnificent paintings of the tomb from Kazanlak, the tomb from Alexandrovo near Haskovo and the strange stone figures in the tomb from Svesluary near the town of Isperih. The feeling was odd - in the complete silence I had the sense of being an intruder let in there by mistake - a disturber of the eternal peace of these sophisticated and proud people. While photographing I started painting with the light - my basic means of expression - rather than simply "lighting up". I felt thai taking just "photographs of museum exponents" was not enough for me and wherever I came across a human face - in pottery, silver and gold - I aimed at achieving my attitude while portraying living people. I tried to reach a human touch with these beautiful images. It may sound strange to you but I started finding resemblance between the human images - objects of my work, and people I meet accidentally during my journeys around Bulgaria. And it already seems to me completely natural, despite the thousands of years rhat have passed - today we arc Temporarily inhabiting the highest stratum, the same places where the heroes of this exhibition have once lived. I had the ultimate pleasure of associating with my hosts - the museum people of Varna, Burgas, Sozopol and Nessebar, Kazanlak, Haskovo, Nova Zagora and Stara Zagora, Plovdiv, Vratza, Pleven, Silistra, Sofia - the Archeological Museum and the National Historical Museum. Warm people met me everywhere, excellent specialists bestowing great care on rich museum collections. Seeing the wealth of these extraordinary museums spread all over Bulgaria, I realized that what I have photographed for this travelling exhibition is only the peak of an iceberg. These are just the main strokes of a picture, which is constantly complemented and enriched by new discoveries. Ihe museums' funds and their permanent exhibitions display are the source of inexhaustible opportunities for comparisons and reflections. Therefore the true place for a real communion with our unique cultural-historical heritage is Bulgaria itself - the cradle of ancient civilizations. Ivo Hadjimishev The lands of present day Bulgaria arc situated at a crossroads - very important in antiquity - connecting culturally undeveloped Europe with the developed civilizations of Asia Minor. The migrations through over it were directed from the poor North to the rich South, and cultural influences were going in the opposite direction. The compactness of the ancient cultural layers in the Bulgarian lauds is so saturated that even the large scale treasure-hunting during the last two decades was not able to destroy it. The finds from the Neolithic period (7-6 millennia BC) give an idea of beliefs and art of the first farmers, who were closely connected with the Anatolian culture. The Chalcolith the Copper Age (5th millennia BC) gave birth to a new European civilization. The Varna necropolis comprises quantities of splendid gold objects unseen before - symbols of power and sacred symbols of the early rulers. The Bronze Age starts a new page in the ideology of the ancient world. At the very end of this period the Thracians - the most numerous people after the Indians, came to the Balkans. The presence of the Thracians is marked through ritual burials of treasures. Thrace shows the richest in Europe findings of this kind. Many precious objects came to us from the treasures

Clip on Emule system. Un guerrier est une personne qui fait la guerre. A warrior is a person habitually engaged in warfare. In tribal societies engaging in endemic warfare, warriors often form a caste or class of their own. In feudalism, the vassals essentially form a military or warrior class, even if in actual warfare, peasants may be called to fight as well. In some societies, warfare may be so central that the entire people (or, more often large parts of the male population) may be considered warriors, for example in the Iron Age Germanic tribes or the Medieval Rajputs.In 1937 Georges Dumézil famously speculated that Proto-Indo-European society was composed of a priestly class, a warrior class, and a class of commoners or peasants. The Indian society was based on these lines, composing of the Brahmins (priests), the Kshatriya (warriors), the Vaishya (business class) and the Shudras (servants). In contemporary Jungian psychology, the warrior is often seen as a key archetype of masculinity.A warrior culture is a civilization that heavily emphasizes battle and war and greatly prizes feats of arms. Warrior cultures often incorporate a cult of personality around military leaders. Examples of societies in history that could be designated as warrior cultures include: Afghan or Pashtoon Anglo-saxons Arumer Black Heap under Pier Gerlofs Donia, Frisia Aztecs Barbadian Caribs Celts Chekavar from Kerala, India Cossack Crimean Tatars Dani people Germanic Peoples Haida Jurchen Kapu (caste) clans like Telaga/Ontari/Naidu Kshatriyas from India Maori Maratha clan system Masai Mongols under Genghis Khan Mukkulathor - Kallar, Maravar, Agamudaiyaar from South India Nairs from Kerala, India Nihang or Akali Perbun Rajput Scythians Sambal people of the Philippines Samurai Sparta Tuareg Vikings

The Battle for the Rhine; Origin Grisons, Switzerland Basin countries Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, France, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands Length 1,320 km (820 mi) Source elevation Vorderrhein: approx. 2,600 m (8,500 ft) Hinterrhein: approx. 2,500 m (8,200 ft) Avg. discharge Basel: 1,060 m³/s (37,440 ft³/s) Strasbourg: 1,080 m³/s (38,150 ft³/s) Cologne: 2,090 m³/s (73,820 ft³/s) Dutch border: 2,260 m³/s (79,823 ft³/s) Basin area 185,000 km² (71,430 mi²) The Rhine (German: Rhein; Dutch: Rijn; French: Rhin; Italian: Reno; Romansh: Rain; Latin: Rhenus) is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe at 1,320 kilometres (820 mi), with an average discharge of more than 2,000 cubic meters per second. The name of the Rhine comes from the archaic German Rhine, which in turn comes from Middle High German: Rin, from the Proto-Indo-European root *reie- ("to flow, run"). The Reno River in Italy shares the same etymology. The Rhine and the Danube formed most of the northern inland frontier of the Roman Empire, and since those days the Rhine has been a vital navigable waterway, carrying trade and goods deep inland. It has also served as a defensive feature, and been the basis for regional and international borders. The many castles and prehistoric fortifications along the Rhine testify to its importance as a waterway. River traffic could be stopped at these locations, usually for the purpose of collecting tolls, by the state controlling that portion of the river.

The origin of the Swastika is India and is a Sanskrit word. The word swastika is derived from the Sanskrit word svastik (in Devanagari, स्वस्तिक), meaning any lucky or auspicious object, and in particular a mark made on persons and things to denote good luck. It is composed of su- (cognate with Greek ευ-, eu-), meaning "good, well" and asti, a verbal abstract to the root as "to be" (cognate with the Romance copula, coming ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *h1es-); svasti thus means "well-being." The suffix -ka intensifies the verbal meaning or confers the sense of 'beneficial', and svastika might thus be translated literally as "that which is associated with well-being," corresponding to "lucky charm" or "thing that is auspicious."[1] The word first appears in India in the Classical Sanskrit in the Ramayana (Devanagari: रामायण) and Mahabharata (Devanagari: महाभारत) epics.[

The Out of India theory (OIT, also called the Indian Urheimat Theory) is the proposition that the Indo-European language family originated in the Indian subcontinent and spread to the remainder of the Indo-European region through a series of migrations. A notable proponent was Friedrich Schlegel. The Out of India theory builds on the idea that Aryans are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent[7][8] and its recent revival in Hindu nationalist writing has made it the subject of a contentious debate in Indian politics.[9][3] These recent "OIT" scenarios posit that the Indus Valley Civilization was Indo-Aryan and uses mainly evidence from Sanskrit literature. Their main proponents are Flemish freelance Indologist Koenraad Elst (1999), taken up by Shrikant Talageri (2000) and strengthened by arguments of University of Cambridge human genetics professor Dr. Toomas Kivisild in his 2003 and 2007 works. When the finding of connections between languages from India to Europe led to the creation of Indo-European studies in the late 1700s some Indians and Europeans believed that the Proto-Indo-European language must be Sanskrit, or something very close to it. A few early Indo-Europeanists, such as Friedrich Schlegel,[10] had a firm belief in this and essentially created the idea that India was the Urheimat of all Indo-European languages. Most scholars, such as William Jones, however realized from earliest times that instead, Sanskrit and related European languages had a common source, and that no attested language represented this direct ancestor.

The Battle for the Rhine; Origin Grisons, Switzerland Basin countries Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, France, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands Length 1,320 km (820 mi) Source elevation Vorderrhein: approx. 2,600 m (8,500 ft) Hinterrhein: approx. 2,500 m (8,200 ft) Avg. discharge Basel: 1,060 m³/s (37,440 ft³/s) Strasbourg: 1,080 m³/s (38,150 ft³/s) Cologne: 2,090 m³/s (73,820 ft³/s) Dutch border: 2,260 m³/s (79,823 ft³/s) Basin area 185,000 km² (71,430 mi²) The Rhine (German: Rhein; Dutch: Rijn; French: Rhin; Italian: Reno; Romansh: Rain; Latin: Rhenus) is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe at 1,320 kilometres (820 mi), with an average discharge of more than 2,000 cubic meters per second. The name of the Rhine comes from the archaic German Rhine, which in turn comes from Middle High German: Rin, from the Proto-Indo-European root *reie- ("to flow, run"). The Reno River in Italy shares the same etymology. The Rhine and the Danube formed most of the northern inland frontier of the Roman Empire, and since those days the Rhine has been a vital navigable waterway, carrying trade and goods deep inland. It has also served as a defensive feature, and been the basis for regional and international borders. The many castles and prehistoric fortifications along the Rhine testify to its importance as a waterway. River traffic could be stopped at these locations, usually for the purpose of collecting tolls, by the state controlling that portion of the river.

The Battle for the Rhine; Origin Grisons, Switzerland Basin countries Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, France, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands Length 1,320 km (820 mi) Source elevation Vorderrhein: approx. 2,600 m (8,500 ft) Hinterrhein: approx. 2,500 m (8,200 ft) Avg. discharge Basel: 1,060 m³/s (37,440 ft³/s) Strasbourg: 1,080 m³/s (38,150 ft³/s) Cologne: 2,090 m³/s (73,820 ft³/s) Dutch border: 2,260 m³/s (79,823 ft³/s) Basin area 185,000 km² (71,430 mi²) The Rhine (German: Rhein; Dutch: Rijn; French: Rhin; Italian: Reno; Romansh: Rain; Latin: Rhenus) is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe at 1,320 kilometres (820 mi), with an average discharge of more than 2,000 cubic meters per second. The name of the Rhine comes from the archaic German Rhine, which in turn comes from Middle High German: Rin, from the Proto-Indo-European root *reie- ("to flow, run"). The Reno River in Italy shares the same etymology. The Rhine and the Danube formed most of the northern inland frontier of the Roman Empire, and since those days the Rhine has been a vital navigable waterway, carrying trade and goods deep inland. It has also served as a defensive feature, and been the basis for regional and international borders. The many castles and prehistoric fortifications along the Rhine testify to its importance as a waterway. River traffic could be stopped at these locations, usually for the purpose of collecting tolls, by the state controlling that portion of the river.

A finger is a type of digit, an organ of manipulation and sensation found in the hands of humans and other primates. Normally humans have five digits on each hand (exceptions are polydactyly, hypodactyly and digit loss). The first digit is the thumb, followed by index finger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger or pinky. Some other languages use the same generic term for all five digits of a hand. Linguistically, it appears that the original sense was to include the thumb as a finger: penkwe-ros (also rendered as penqrós) was, in the inferred Proto-Indo-European language, a suffixed form of penkwe (or penqe), "five", which has given rise to many Indo-European-family words (tens of them defined in English dictionaries) that involve or flow from concepts of fiveness. Chimpanzees have lower limbs that are specialized for manipulation, and (arguably) have fingers on their lower limbs as well. The term 'finger' is not applied to the digits of most other animals, such as canines, felines, or ungulates, none of which can engage in fine manipulation with their forelimbs as a primate can.

The Battle for the Rhine; Origin Grisons, Switzerland Basin countries Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, France, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands Length 1,320 km (820 mi) Source elevation Vorderrhein: approx. 2,600 m (8,500 ft) Hinterrhein: approx. 2,500 m (8,200 ft) Avg. discharge Basel: 1,060 m³/s (37,440 ft³/s) Strasbourg: 1,080 m³/s (38,150 ft³/s) Cologne: 2,090 m³/s (73,820 ft³/s) Dutch border: 2,260 m³/s (79,823 ft³/s) Basin area 185,000 km² (71,430 mi²) The Rhine (German: Rhein; Dutch: Rijn; French: Rhin; Italian: Reno; Romansh: Rain; Latin: Rhenus) is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe at 1,320 kilometres (820 mi), with an average discharge of more than 2,000 cubic meters per second. The name of the Rhine comes from the archaic German Rhine, which in turn comes from Middle High German: Rin, from the Proto-Indo-European root *reie- ("to flow, run"). The Reno River in Italy shares the same etymology. The Rhine and the Danube formed most of the northern inland frontier of the Roman Empire, and since those days the Rhine has been a vital navigable waterway, carrying trade and goods deep inland. It has also served as a defensive feature, and been the basis for regional and international borders. The many castles and prehistoric fortifications along the Rhine testify to its importance as a waterway. River traffic could be stopped at these locations, usually for the purpose of collecting tolls, by the state controlling that portion of the river.

I don't have anything to say about this video...so I'll quote the Wikipedia :D : "The frog is an amphibian in the order Anura (meaning "tail-less", from Greek an-, without + oura, tail), formerly referred to as Salientia (Latin saltare, to jump). The name frog derives from Old English frogga,[1] (compare Old Norse frauki, German Frosch, older Dutch spelling kikvorsch), cognate with Sanskrit plava (frog), probably deriving from Proto-Indo-European praw = "to jump".[2] Adult frogs are characterised by long hind legs, a short body, webbed digits, protruding eyes and the absence of a tail. Most frogs have a semi-aquatic lifestyle, but move easily on land by jumping or climbing. They typically lay their eggs in puddles, ponds or lakes, and their larvae, called tadpoles, have gills and develop in water. Adult frogs follow a carnivorous diet, mostly of arthropods, annelids and gastropods. Frogs are most noticeable by their call, which can be widely heard during the night or day, mainly in their mating season. The distribution of frogs ranges from tropic to subarctic regions, but most species are found in tropical rainforests. Consisting of more than 5,000 species described, they are among the most diverse groups of vertebrates. However, populations of certain frog species are significantly declining. A distinction is often made between frogs and toads on the basis of their appearance, caused by the convergent adaptation among so-called toads to dry environments; however, this distinction has no taxonomic basis. The only family exclusively given the common name "toad" is Bufonidae, but many species from other families are also called "toads," and the species within the toad genus Atelopus are referred to as "harlequin frogs.""

Info about the word demon found in book "The Dialogues of Plato". The Greek conception of a demon appears in the works of Plato and many other ancient authors, but without the evil connotations which are apparent in the Septuagint translation of the Hebrew Bible and in the Greek originals of the New Testament. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demon Socrates. And therefore I have the most entire conviction that he called them demons, because they were demons (knowing or wise), and in our older Attic dialect the word itself occurs. Now he and other poets say truly, that when a good man dies he has honor and a mighty portion among the dead, and becomes a demon; which is a name given to him signifying wisdom. And I say too, that every wise man who happens to be a good man is more than human both in life and death, and is rightly called a demon. http://ethics.sandiego.edu/books/plato/cratylus/plato_cratylus.htm Etymology The idea of demons is as old as religion itself, and the word demon seems to have ancient origins. The Merriam-Webster dictionary gives the etymology of the word as Greek daimon, probably from the verb daiesthai meaning "to divide, distribute." The Proto-Indo-European root deiwos for god, originally an adjective meaning "celestial" or "bright, shining" has retained this meaning in many related Indo-European languages and cultures (Sanskrit deva, Latin deus, German Tiw, Welsh [Duw],]), but also provided another other common word for demon in Avestan daeva. In modern Greek, the word daimon(Greek: δαίμων) has the same meaning as the modern English demon. But in Ancient Greek, δαίμων meant "spirit" or "higher self", much like the Latin genius. This should not, however, be confused with the word genie, which is a false friend or false cognate of genius. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demon What is good in this world? And, what is evil? The good signified by angels. The evil signified by demons. Yet, in philosophy, demon signifies wisdom. For Socrates once said to Cratylus, "When a good man dies he has honour and a mighty portion among the dead and becomes a demon; which is a name signifying wisdom. Every wise man who happens to be a good man is more than human both in life and death and is rightly called a demon." Could what was considered evil actually just be wise? And, how many wise demons walk among us in the universe?

Bamburet is the largest and the most picturesque valley inhabited by Kalash Located in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan, the Kalasha people live in three isolated mountain valleys: Bumboret, Rumbur, and Birir. The region is extremely fertile, covering the mountainside in rich oak forests and allowing for intensive agriculture, despite the fact that most of the work is done not by machinery, but by hand. The powerful and dangerous rivers that flow through the valleys have been harnessed to power grinding mills and to water the farm fields through the use of ingenious irrigation channels. Wheat, maize, grapes (generally used for wine), apples, and walnuts are among the many foodstuffs grown in the area, along with surplus fodder used for feeding the livestock. The climate is typical of high elevation regions without large bodies of water to regulate the temperature. The summers are mild and agreeable with average maximum temperatures between 23° and 27°C (73° - 81°F). Winters, on the other hand, can be very cold, with average minimum temperatures between 2° and 1°C (36° - 34°F). The average yearly precipitation is 700 to 800mm (28 - 32 inches). The Kalasha of Chitral have been ruled by the Mehtar of Chitral since the 1700s and have enjoyed a cordial relationship with the major ethnic group of Chitral, the Kho who are Sunni and Ismaili Muslims. The multi-ethnic and multi-religious State of Chitral ensured that the Kalash were able to live in peace and harmony and practice their culture and religion. The Nuristani, their neighbors in the region of former Kafiristan east of the border, were invaded in the 1890s and forced to convert to Islam by Amir Abdur-Rahman of Afghanistan and their land was renamed Nuristan. Prior to that event, the people of Kafiristan had paid tribute to the Mehtar of Chitral and accepted his suzerainty. This came to an end with the Durand Agreement when Kafiristan fell under the Afghan sphere of Influence. Recently, the Kalasha have been able to stop their demographic and cultural spiral towards extinction and have, for the past 30 years, been on the rebound. Increased international awareness, a more tolerant government, and monetary assistance has allowed them to continue their way of life. Nevertheless the pressure of radical Muslim organizations increases more and more. An example for this is the closely to the Taliban associated radical Islamic Tablighi Jamaat movement, which is responsible for numerous assault over the Kalasha. Although there are heavy Kafiristani (today known as Nuristani) influences in the language, religion and ethnicity of the Chitral Kalasha, their unique culture and belief system differs drastically from the various ethnic groups surrounding them. The Kalasha of Chitral believe in various deities Mahadeo (Khodai, the Khowar word for God is also used), and worship other deities that offer protection to different aspects of life (such as Jeshtak, who represents family, pregnant mothers, and marriage). It is suggested that they are based on the Proto-Indo-European religion, similar to the twelve Olympian gods of Ancient Greece. Nature plays a highly significant and spiritual role in their daily life. As part of their religious tradition, sacrifices are offered and festivals held to give thanks for the abundant resources of their three valleys. Presently, these self-sufficient farmers are moving towards a cash-based economy whereas previously wealth was measured in livestock and crops. They celebrate the Joshi (spring) festival at the end of May each year, which they gauged by the movement of the sun. The first day of Joshi is "Milk Day", on which the Kalasha offer libations of milk that have been saved for ten days prior to the festival. Kalasha women usually wear long black robes, often embroidered with cowrie shells. For this reason, they are known in Chitral as "The Black Kafirs". Men have adopted the Pakistani salwar kameez, while children wear small versions of adult clothing after the age of four. In contrast to the surrounding Pakistani culture, the Kalasha of Chitral do not in general separate males and females or frown on contact between the sexes. However, menstruating girls and women are sent to live in the "bashaleni", the village menstrual building, during their periods, until they regain their "purity". They are also required to give birth in the bashaleni. There is also a ritual restoring "purity" to a woman after childbirth which must be performed before a woman can return to her husband. The husband is an active participant in this ritual. Kalasha women breastfeed in public. Although some marriages are arranged by families, Kalash boys and girls can also propose and arrange their own marriages. This, and the fact that females freely interact with males in public, have created a false impression among some that the Kalasha culture is sexually promiscuous. (wikipedia) August 1990 VALPARD FILMS http://valpardfilms.free.fr

Shes really gay In languages with a literary tradition, there is interrelation between orthography and the question of what is considered a single word. Word separators (typically space marks) are common in modern orthography of languages using alphabetic scripts, but these are (excepting isolated precedents) a modern development (see also history of writing). In English orthography, words may contain spaces if they are compounds or proper nouns such as ice cream or air raid shelter. Vietnamese orthography, although using the Latin alphabet, delimits monosyllabic morphemes, not words. Conversely, synthetic languages often combine many lexical morphemes into single words, making it difficult to boil them down to the traditional sense of words found more easily in analytic languages; this is especially difficult for polysynthetic languages such as Inuktitut and Ubykh, where entire sentences may consist of single such words. Logographic scripts use single signs (characters) to express a word. Most de facto existing scripts are however partly logographic, and combine logographic with phonetic signs. The most widespread logographic script in modern use is the Chinese script. While the Chinese script has some true logographs, the largest class of characters used in modern Chinese (some 90%) are so-called pictophonetic compounds (形声字, Xíngshēngzì). Characters of this sort are composed of two parts: a pictograph, which suggests the general meaning of the character, and a phonetic part, which is derived from a character pronounced in the same way as the word the new character represents. In this sense, the character for most Chinese words consists of a determiner and a syllabogram, similar to the approach used by cuneiform script and Egyptian hieroglyphs. There is a tendency informed by orthography to identify a single Chinese character as corresponding to a single word in the Chinese language, parallel to the tendency to identify the letters between two space marks as a single word in the English language. In both cases, this leads to the identification of compound members as individual words, while e.g. in German orthography, compound members are not separated by space marks and the tendency is thus to identify the entire compound as a single word. Compare e.g. English capital city with German Hauptstadt and Chinese 首都 (lit. chief metropolis): all three are equivalent compounds, in the English case consisting of "two words" separated by a space mark, in the German case written as a "single word" without space mark, and in the Chinese case consisting of two logographic characters. [edit]Morphology Main article: Morphology (linguistics) Further information: Inflection In synthetic languages, a single word stem (for example, love) may have a number of different forms (for example, loves, loving, and loved). However, these are not usually considered to be different words, but different forms of the same word. In these languages, words may be considered to be constructed from a number of morphemes. In Indo-European languages in particular, the morphemes distinguished are the root optional suffixes a desinence. Thus, the Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dhom would be analysed as consisting of *wr̥-, the zero grade of the root *wer- a root-extension *-dh- (diachronically a suffix), resulting in a complex root *wr̥dh- The thematic suffix *-o- the neuter gender nominative or accusative singular desinence *-m. [edit]Classes Main article: Lexical category Grammar classifies a language's lexicon into several groups of words. The basic bipartite division possible for virtually every natural language is that of nouns vs. verbs. The classification into such classes is in the tradition of Dionysius Thrax, who distinguished eight categories: noun, verb, adjective, pronoun, preposition, adverb, conjunction, interjection. In Indian grammatical tradition, Panini introduced a similar fundamental classification into a nominal (nāma, suP) and a verbal (ākhyāta, tiN) class, based on the set of desinences taken by the word.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_of_India_theory The Out of India theory (OIT, also called the Indian Urheimat Theory) is the proposition that the Indo-European language family originated in the Indian subcontinent and spread to the remainder of the Indo-European region through a series of migrations. A notable proponent was Friedrich Schlegel. Originally proposed in the late 18th century in an attempt to explain connections between Sanskrit and European languages, it is today deprecated by academics[1][2][3] who favor the Kurgan model.[4][5][6] The Out of India theory builds on the idea that Aryans are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent[7][8] and its recent revival in Hindu nationalist writing has made it the subject of a contentious debate in Indian politics.[9][3] These recent "OIT" scenarios posit that the Indus Valley Civilization was Indo-Aryan and uses mainly evidence from Sanskrit literature. Their main proponents are Flemish freelance Indologist Koenraad Elst (1999), taken up by Shrikant Talageri (2000) and strengthened by arguments of University of Cambridge human genetics professor Dr. Toomas Kivisild in his 2003 and 2007 works. When the finding of connections between languages from India to Europe led to the creation of Indo-European studies in the late 1700s some Indians and Europeans believed that the Proto-Indo-European language must be Sanskrit, or something very close to it. A few early Indo-Europeanists, such as Friedrich Schlegel,[10] had a firm belief in this and essentially created the idea that India was the Urheimat of all Indo-European languages